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| center for science in the public interest bias: The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, Dietram Scheufele, 2017 On topics from genetic engineering and mad cow disease to vaccination and climate change, this Handbook draws on the insights of 57 leading science of science communication scholars who explore what social scientists know about how citizens come to understand and act on what is known by science. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Communicating Science Effectively National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on the Science of Science Communication: A Research Agenda, 2017-03-08 Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences †psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related †on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Policy and Global Affairs, Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine, 2020-12-18 Despite the changing demographics of the nation and a growing appreciation for diversity and inclusion as drivers of excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, Black Americans are severely underrepresented in these fields. Racism and bias are significant reasons for this disparity, with detrimental implications on individuals, health care organizations, and the nation as a whole. The Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine was launched at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2019 to identify key levers, drivers, and disruptors in government, industry, health care, and higher education where actions can have the most impact on increasing the participation of Black men and Black women in science, medicine, and engineering. On April 16, 2020, the Roundtable convened a workshop to explore the context for their work; to surface key issues and questions that the Roundtable should address in its initial phase; and to reach key stakeholders and constituents. This proceedings provides a record of the workshop. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Beyond Bias and Barriers Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, 2007-05-04 The United States economy relies on the productivity, entrepreneurship, and creativity of its people. To maintain its scientific and engineering leadership amid increasing economic and educational globalization, the United States must aggressively pursue the innovative capacity of all its people—women and men. However, women face barriers to success in every field of science and engineering; obstacles that deprive the country of an important source of talent. Without a transformation of academic institutions to tackle such barriers, the future vitality of the U.S. research base and economy are in jeopardy. Beyond Bias and Barriers explains that eliminating gender bias in academia requires immediate overarching reform, including decisive action by university administrators, professional societies, federal funding agencies and foundations, government agencies, and Congress. If implemented and coordinated across public, private, and government sectors, the recommended actions will help to improve workplace environments for all employees while strengthening the foundations of America's competitiveness. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Science in the Private Interest Sheldon Krimsky, 2004 How can an academic scientist honour knowledge for its own sake, while also using knowledge as a means to generate wealth? This text investigates the trends & effects of modern, commercialised academic science. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence , 1994 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Know Your Fats Mary G. Enig, 2000-01-01 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: The Effects of the Mass Media on the Use and Abuse of Alcohol Susan Ehrlich Martin, Patricia D. Mail, 1995 Assesses the presentation of alcohol in the mass media. Intended to stimulate policy-relevant research. Contains a collection of articles on: the mass media, alcohol, and culture: an overview; a review of research on alcohol advertising and media content; advertising and marketing: applying the principles, practices , and outcomes to alcoholic beverages; health promotion: public service announcements, media campaigns, and media advocacy; and a synthesis of the issues. Illustrated. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: The Optimism Bias Tali Sharot, 2011-06-14 Psychologists have long been aware that most people maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life—but why? Turns out, we might be hardwired that way. In this absorbing exploration, Tali Sharot—one of the most innovative neuroscientists at work today—demonstrates that optimism may be crucial to human existence. The Optimism Bias explores how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how emotions strengthen our ability to recollect; how anticipation and dread affect us; how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions; and more. Drawing on cutting-edge science, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into the workings of the brain and the major role that optimism plays in determining how we live our lives. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice, 2009-09-16 Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Fostering Integrity in Research National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy, Committee on Responsible Science, 2018-01-13 The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support †or distort †practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences, 2015-07-07 The National Research Council's Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences held a 2-day workshop on January 15-16, 2015, in Washington, DC to explore the public interfaces between scientists and citizens in the context of genetically engineered (GE) organisms. The workshop presentations and discussions dealt with perspectives on scientific engagement in a world where science is interpreted through a variety of lenses, including cultural values and political dispositions, and with strategies based on evidence in social science to improve public conversation about controversial topics in science. The workshop focused on public perceptions and debates about genetically engineered plants and animals, commonly known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), because the development and application of GMOs are heavily debated among some stakeholders, including scientists. For some applications of GMOs, the societal debate is so contentious that it can be difficult for members of the public, including policy-makers, to make decisions. Thus, although the workshop focused on issues related to public interfaces with the life science that apply to many science policy debates, the discussions are particularly relevant for anyone involved with the GMO debate. Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms: When Science and Citizens Connect summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Reproducibility and Replicability in Science National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy, Board on Research Data and Information, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science, 2019-10-20 One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-04-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Creating Scientific Controversies David Harker, 2015-10 This is the first book-length introductory study of the concept of a created scientific controversy, providing a comprehensive and wide-ranging analysis for students of philosophy of science, environmental and health sciences, and social and natural sciences. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: An Intelligence in Our Image Osonde A. Osoba, William Welser IV, William Welser, 2017-04-05 Machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence influence many aspects of life today. This report identifies some of their shortcomings and associated policy risks and examines some approaches for combating these problems. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Ivory Bridges Gerhard Sonnert, 2002-03-15 A study of two bridges between science and society: governmental science policy and scientists' voluntary public-interest associations. According to a widespread stereotype, scientists occupy an ivory tower, isolated from other parts of society. To some extent this is true, and the resulting freedom to pursue curiosity-driven research has made possible extraordinary scientific advances. The spinoffs of pure science, however, have also had powerful impacts on society, and the potential for future impacts is even greater. The public and many policymakers, as well as many researchers, have paid insufficient attention to the mechanisms for interchange between science and society that have developed since World War II. Ivory Bridges examines two such mechanisms: governmental science policy (often involving the participation of scientist administrators) and scientists' voluntary public-interest associations. The examination of science policy is guided by the notion of Jeffersonian science—-defined as basic research on topics identified as being in the national interest. The book illustrates the concept with a historical case study of the Press-Carter Initiative of the late 1970s and proposes that a Jeffersonian approach would make a valuable addition to future science policy. The book also looks at the activities of citizen-scientists who have organized themselves to promote the welfare of society. It shows that their numerous and diverse organizations have made major contributions to the commonweal and that they have helped to prevent science from becoming either too subservient to government or too autonomous. An extensive appendix profiles a wide variety of these organizations. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Algorithms of Oppression Safiya Umoja Noble, 2018-02-20 Acknowledgments -- Introduction: the power of algorithms -- A society, searching -- Searching for Black girls -- Searching for people and communities -- Searching for protections from search engines -- The future of knowledge in the public -- The future of information culture -- Conclusion: algorithms of oppression -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the author |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Social Science Research Anol Bhattacherjee, 2012-04-01 This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Science Fictions Stuart Ritchie, 2021-09-16 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Race After Technology Ruha Benjamin, 2019-07-09 From everyday apps to complex algorithms, Ruha Benjamin cuts through tech-industry hype to understand how emerging technologies can reinforce White supremacy and deepen social inequity. Benjamin argues that automation, far from being a sinister story of racist programmers scheming on the dark web, has the potential to hide, speed up, and deepen discrimination while appearing neutral and even benevolent when compared to the racism of a previous era. Presenting the concept of the “New Jim Code,” she shows how a range of discriminatory designs encode inequity by explicitly amplifying racial hierarchies; by ignoring but thereby replicating social divisions; or by aiming to fix racial bias but ultimately doing quite the opposite. Moreover, she makes a compelling case for race itself as a kind of technology, designed to stratify and sanctify social injustice in the architecture of everyday life. This illuminating guide provides conceptual tools for decoding tech promises with sociologically informed skepticism. In doing so, it challenges us to question not only the technologies we are sold but also the ones we ourselves manufacture. Visit the book's free Discussion Guide: www.dropbox.com |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Anti-Bias Education for Young Children and Ourselves Louise Derman-Sparks, Julie Olsen Edwards, 2020-04-07 Anti-bias education begins with you! Become a skilled anti-bias teacher with this practical guidance to confronting and eliminating barriers. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Biased Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD, 2019-03-26 Poignant....important and illuminating.—The New York Times Book Review Groundbreaking.—Bryan Stevenson, New York Times bestselling author of Just Mercy From one of the world’s leading experts on unconscious racial bias come stories, science, and strategies to address one of the central controversies of our time How do we talk about bias? How do we address racial disparities and inequities? What role do our institutions play in creating, maintaining, and magnifying those inequities? What role do we play? With a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt offers us the language and courage we need to face one of the biggest and most troubling issues of our time. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Yet she also offers us tools to address it. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: The End of Bias Jessica Nordell, 2022-07 Unintentional bias is one of the great social problems of our time; its effects are corrosive, even lethal. But it can be overcome. Here's how. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Unfair Adam Benforado, 2015 A legal scholar exposes the psychological forces that undermine the American criminal justice system, arguing that unless hidden biases are addressed, social inequality will widen, and proposes reforms to prevent injustice and help achieve true equality before the law. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime Peter Gotzsche, 2019-08-21 PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ARE THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AFTER HEART DISEASE AND CANCER. In his latest ground-breaking book, Peter C Gotzsche exposes the pharmaceutical industries and their charade of fraudulent behaviour, both in research and marketing where the morally repugnant disregard for human lives is the norm. He convincingly draws close co |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Dietary Supplements United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Consumer Protection, 1998 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule, 2009-03-24 In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Power to the Public Tara Dawson McGuinness, Hana Schank, 2021-04-13 “Worth a read for anyone who cares about making change happen.”—Barack Obama A powerful new blueprint for how governments and nonprofits can harness the power of digital technology to help solve the most serious problems of the twenty-first century As the speed and complexity of the world increases, governments and nonprofit organizations need new ways to effectively tackle the critical challenges of our time—from pandemics and global warming to social media warfare. In Power to the Public, Tara Dawson McGuinness and Hana Schank describe a revolutionary new approach—public interest technology—that has the potential to transform the way governments and nonprofits around the world solve problems. Through inspiring stories about successful projects ranging from a texting service for teenagers in crisis to a streamlined foster care system, the authors show how public interest technology can make the delivery of services to the public more effective and efficient. At its heart, public interest technology means putting users at the center of the policymaking process, using data and metrics in a smart way, and running small experiments and pilot programs before scaling up. And while this approach may well involve the innovative use of digital technology, technology alone is no panacea—and some of the best solutions may even be decidedly low-tech. Clear-eyed yet profoundly optimistic, Power to the Public presents a powerful blueprint for how government and nonprofits can help solve society’s most serious problems. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: The Conversation Robert Livingston, 2021-02-02 A FINANCIAL TIMES BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR • An essential tool for individuals, organizations, and communities of all sizes to jump-start dialogue on racism and bias and to transform well-intentioned statements on diversity into concrete actions—from a leading Harvard social psychologist. FINALIST FOR THE FINANCIAL TIMES AND MCKINSEY BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD • LONGLISTED FOR THE PORCHLIGHT BUSINESS BOOK AWARD “Livingston has made the important and challenging task of addressing systemic racism within an organization approachable and achievable.”—Alex Timm, co-founder and CEO, Root Insurance Company How can I become part of the solution? In the wake of the social unrest of 2020 and growing calls for racial justice, many business leaders and ordinary citizens are asking that very question. This book provides a compass for all those seeking to begin the work of anti-racism. In The Conversation, Robert Livingston addresses three simple but profound questions: What is racism? Why should everyone be more concerned about it? What can we do to eradicate it? For some, the existence of systemic racism against Black people is hard to accept because it violates the notion that the world is fair and just. But the rigid racial hierarchy created by slavery did not collapse after it was abolished, nor did it end with the civil rights era. Whether it’s the composition of a company’s leadership team or the composition of one’s neighborhood, these racial divides and disparities continue to show up in every facet of society. For Livingston, the difference between a solvable problem and a solved problem is knowledge, investment, and determination. And the goal of making organizations more diverse, equitable, and inclusive is within our capability. Livingston’s lifework is showing people how to turn difficult conversations about race into productive instances of real change. For decades he has translated science into practice for numerous organizations, including Airbnb, Deloitte, Microsoft, Under Armour, L’Oreal, and JPMorgan Chase. In The Conversation, Livingston distills this knowledge and experience into an eye-opening immersion in the science of racism and bias. Drawing on examples from pop culture and his own life experience, Livingston, with clarity and wit, explores the root causes of racism, the factors that explain why some people care about it and others do not, and the most promising paths toward profound and sustainable progress, all while inviting readers to challenge their assumptions. Social change requires social exchange. Founded on principles of psychology, sociology, management, and behavioral economics, The Conversation is a road map for uprooting entrenched biases and sharing candid, fact-based perspectives on race that will lead to increased awareness, empathy, and action. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Shaping the Message, Distorting the Science United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 2007 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Review Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1975 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Causal Inference Miquel A. Hernan, James M. Robins, 2019-07-07 The application of causal inference methods is growing exponentially in fields that deal with observational data. Written by pioneers in the field, this practical book presents an authoritative yet accessible overview of the methods and applications of causal inference. With a wide range of detailed, worked examples using real epidemiologic data as well as software for replicating the analyses, the text provides a thorough introduction to the basics of the theory for non-time-varying treatments and the generalization to complex longitudinal data. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain National Research Council, Policy and Global Affairs, Board on International Scientific Organizations, Office of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs, Steering Committee on the Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain, 2003-08-29 This symposium brought together leading experts and managers from the public and private sectors who are involved in the creation, dissemination, and use of scientific and technical data and information (STI) to: (1) describe and discuss the role and the benefits and costsâ€both economic and otherâ€of the public domain in STI in the research and education context, (2) to identify and analyze the legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in STI in research and education, (3) describe and discuss existing and proposed approaches to preserving the public domain in STI in the United States, and (4) identify issues that may require further analysis. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Black Box Thinking Matthew Syed, 2015-11-03 Nobody wants to fail. But in highly complex organizations, success can happen only when we confront our mistakes, learn from our own version of a black box, and create a climate where it’s safe to fail. We all have to endure failure from time to time, whether it’s underperforming at a job interview, flunking an exam, or losing a pickup basketball game. But for people working in safety-critical industries, getting it wrong can have deadly consequences. Consider the shocking fact that preventable medical error is the third-biggest killer in the United States, causing more than 400,000 deaths every year. More people die from mistakes made by doctors and hospitals than from traffic accidents. And most of those mistakes are never made public, because of malpractice settlements with nondisclosure clauses. For a dramatically different approach to failure, look at aviation. Every passenger aircraft in the world is equipped with an almost indestructible black box. Whenever there’s any sort of mishap, major or minor, the box is opened, the data is analyzed, and experts figure out exactly what went wrong. Then the facts are published and procedures are changed, so that the same mistakes won’t happen again. By applying this method in recent decades, the industry has created an astonishingly good safety record. Few of us put lives at risk in our daily work as surgeons and pilots do, but we all have a strong interest in avoiding predictable and preventable errors. So why don’t we all embrace the aviation approach to failure rather than the health-care approach? As Matthew Syed shows in this eye-opening book, the answer is rooted in human psychology and organizational culture. Syed argues that the most important determinant of success in any field is an acknowledgment of failure and a willingness to engage with it. Yet most of us are stuck in a relationship with failure that impedes progress, halts innovation, and damages our careers and personal lives. We rarely acknowledge or learn from failure—even though we often claim the opposite. We think we have 20/20 hindsight, but our vision is usually fuzzy. Syed draws on a wide range of sources—from anthropology and psychology to history and complexity theory—to explore the subtle but predictable patterns of human error and our defensive responses to error. He also shares fascinating stories of individuals and organizations that have successfully embraced a black box approach to improvement, such as David Beckham, the Mercedes F1 team, and Dropbox. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Sharing Clinical Trial Data Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data, 2015-04-20 Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data Timothy L. Lash, Matthew P. Fox, Aliza K. Fink, 2011-04-14 Bias analysis quantifies the influence of systematic error on an epidemiology study’s estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis in epi- miology have been well described for decades, yet are seldom applied in published presentations of epidemiologic research. More recent advances in bias analysis, such as probabilistic bias analysis, appear even more rarely. We suspect that there are both supply-side and demand-side explanations for the scarcity of bias analysis. On the demand side, journal reviewers and editors seldom request that authors address systematic error aside from listing them as limitations of their particular study. This listing is often accompanied by explanations for why the limitations should not pose much concern. On the supply side, methods for bias analysis receive little attention in most epidemiology curriculums, are often scattered throughout textbooks or absent from them altogether, and cannot be implemented easily using standard statistical computing software. Our objective in this text is to reduce these supply-side barriers, with the hope that demand for quantitative bias analysis will follow. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Nutrition Alice Callahan, Heather Leonard, Tamberly Powell, 2020 |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Enhancing Justice Sarah E. Redfield, 2017 This book helps explain how many who pride themselves on being fair can be part of a system which is widely seen as unfair by those who have historically been victims of bias and prejudice. The central focus of the book is on the different approaches that courts can use to lessen the impact of implicit bias by breaking the bias habit. |
| center for science in the public interest bias: Science Under Siege United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 2010 |
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The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), founded in 1971, is a non-profit health-advocacy organization. CSPI conducts innovative research and advocacy programs in the …
Supreme Court of the United States - Health Care Litigation …
Jan 30, 2024 · BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE PUBLIC CITIZEN AND CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS NICOLAS A. SANSONE Counsel …
Bias in the Court! - Office of Justice Programs
Bias in the Court! Focusing on the Behavior of Judges, Lawyers, and Court Staff in Court Interactions ... National Center for State Courts Thomas C. Carlson Technology Specialist ...
Effects on the Public, Interest Group - JSTOR
Fay Lomax Cook is Assistant Professor in the School of Education and the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research (CUAPR); Tom R. Tyler is Assistant Professor in the Psychology …
Financial Conflict of Interest in Research Policy - Saint Louis …
Objectivity in Research for which Public Health Service Funding is Sought and Responsible Prospective Contractors”; and the National Science Foundation (NSF) requirements for conflict …
THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA VIOLENCE ON YOUTH - thepci.org
This Psychological Science in the Public Interest report is a modification of the subcommittee’s November 2000 report. Changes include updating the literature review, altering wording to …
Review Toxicology of food dyes - Peirson Center
1University of California, Los Angeles, USA, 2Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC, USA Background: Food dyes, synthesized originally from coal tar and now …
The Psychology of Climate Change Communication
The Earth Institute, Columbia Climate Center, The Har-mony Institute, the Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Ma-rine and …
Best Practices for Nonresponse Bias Reporting - FCSM
Best Practices for Nonresponse Bias Reporting June 2023 3 . OBJECTIVES The goal of this report is to provide an overview of best practices for discussing and reporting on nonresponse …
Scrutinizing Industry-Funded Crusade Against Conflicts of …
scientific debate and depriving regulators and the public of valuable insights. These conflicts of interest activists focus almost entirely on the alleged baleful effects of financial conflicts of …
PUBLIC INTEREST TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY NETWORK
2 PUBLIC INTEREST TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY NETWORK: Understanding the State of the Field in 2021 11/2021. INTRODUCTION. The Public Interest Technology University Network …
In the Supreme Court of the United States
The Crime Prevention Research Center (CPRC) is a research and education organization dedicated to conducting academic quality research on the relationship between laws …
Introduction to the Ethics of Scientific Conflict of Interest (COI)
A basic working definition of COI is a situation in which a secondary interest, such as financial or other personal considerations, has the potential to unduly influence the primary interest of …
Center For Data Science And Public Policy
Download Center For Data Science And Public Policy doc. Come up and research center for and executives of data science and detect bias and produce a detection tasks often come together …
The Cognitive Underpinnings of Bias in Forensic Mental …
Publications of the University of Nebraska Public Policy Center Public Policy Center, University of Nebraska 2014 The Cognitive Underpinnings of Bias in Forensic Mental Health Evaluations …
Unconscious Bias in the Classroom - ed
Unconscious Bias in the Classroom: Evidence and Opportunities 3 Executive Summary The underrepresentation of women and racial and ethnic minorities in computer science (CS) and …
Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science
The George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center 1 Public Interest Comment1 on The Environmental Protection Agency’s Proposed Rule Strengthening Transparency in …
Research and scholarly methods: Mitigating information bias
Immortal time bias: Occurs where there is a period of time during follow-up where an event or death (the outcome of interest) cannot occur.21 Lead time bias: Defined as the interval …
Case Study of Statistics in the Regulatory Process: The FD&C …
F. Jacobson, a member of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer lobbyist organization. The memoranda concluded that the first mouse experiment gave clear evidence …
Implicit Bias, Science, and the Racial Justice Act
2024] IMPLICIT BIAS, SCIENCE, AND THE RACIAL JUSTICE ACT 21 people’s behavior is the conscious control they assert.15 Building on this thesis, social psychologists have …
The Impression Management Tactics of an Immigration Think …
tion of its donors, service its scholarly reputation by using the symbols and procedures of science and academia, foster credibility in the eyes of journalists, media organizations and the public, …
The Cognitive Underpinnings of Bias in Forensic Mental …
Policy Center Public Policy Center, University of Nebraska 2014 ... multiple domains of psychological science (e.g., cognitive, so-cial, methological, clinical) to identify and better …
Environmental Debates over Nuclear Energy: Media, …
considerable scholarly research, drawing interest from wide-ranging fields, including communi-cation, political science, sociology, and public policy. Many studies focus on news media …
Philanthropies Launch New Initiative to Ensure AI Advances …
to improve quality of life for all people and serve the public interest. Projects include efforts to build policymakers’ understanding and use of AI and relevant technology to shape effective …
Partisan Disparities in the Use of Science in Policy
citations across scientific fields and issue areas, we find that left-of-center think tanks universally cite science more than right-of-center think tanks across all 23 scientific fields (Fig. 2I) and 17 …
United in States of Dissatisfaction: Confirmation Bias Across …
ment. However, this bias is driven not only—or even primarily—by party identification and ideology. In addi-tion, effects are conditioned on respondents’ general views of government …
Climate Change Survey Measures: Exploring Perceived Bias …
154 GREATplains research vol. 24 no. 2, 2014 Background ClimateChange The global atmospheric concentration of carbon di- oxide, methane, and nitrous oxide has increased sub- …
The Public Domain
I am lucky enough to work in the only “Center for the Study of the Public Domain” in the academic world. I owe the biggest debt of grat-itude to my colleague Jennifer Jenkins, who directs the …
Fairness and Bias in Algorithmic Decision-Making - New …
Fairness and Bias in Algorithmic Decision-Making. Daniel B. Neill, Ph.D. Carnegie Mellon University (Heinz College) and NYU (Center for Urban Science & Progress) E-mail: …
Policy and Procedure Manual - Boston Medical Center
Science Foundation (NSF) regulations found in Section 510 of its Grant Policy Manual (July ... Interest Policy for Research shall apply when those responsible for the design, conduct or ...
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
holding a master's degree in computational science. On remand, the Director should make a final determination in any subsequent decision as to whether the Petitioner has met their burden …
ECONOMICS Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to …
Oct 25, 2019 · Obermeyer et al., Science 366, 447–453 (2019) 25 October 2019 1of7 1School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. 2Department of …
BIAS - University of Oregon
The Kirwan Institute began publishing its annual State of the Science: Implicit Bias Review in early 2013. We are very excited to release this third issue as a part of our continued commitment to …
The Social Psychology of Racially Biased Policing: Evidence …
psychological science know about biased based policing, and how can it inform policy to promote equitable policing outcomes? To address this question, this article overviews the psy …
Self-Interest Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross …
the pandemic. However, individuals’ self-interest bias (i.e., the prevalent tendency to license own but not others’ self-serving acts or norm violations) can pose a challenge to the success of …
Return of the Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in
the omitted variable bias result. The reasoning is that we decrease the aggregate bias on the coefficient of interest for every additional relevant control variable that we include. The …
Auditing Algorithms: Research Methods for Detecting …
1 Auditing Algorithms: Research Methods for Detecting Discrimination on Internet Platforms Christian Sandvig*1, Kevin Hamilton2, Karrie Karahalios2, & Cedric Langbort2 Paper …
WHO’SRUNNINGMICHIG AN? - Washington Free Beacon
A REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES AND BIAS OF THE MACKINAC CENTER FOR PUBLIC POLICY ... The Mackinac Center is a special interest group based in Midland, Michigan that at …
The Science of Gratitude - University of California, Berkeley
by the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley May 2018 The Science of Gratitude Written by Summer Allen, Ph.D. ggsc.berkeley.edu greatergood.berkeley.edu. Eecutie Summary 2 …
Tackling Implicit Bias in Health Care - The New England …
Jul 9, 2022 · PERSPECTIVE 106 Tackling Implicit Bias in Health Care n engl j med 387;2 nejm.org July 14, 2022 engaging learners in skill-build-ing exercises and activities in
CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST FINANCIAL …
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) is a not-for-profit organization operating in the United States that seeks to provide useful, objective information to the public and to conduct …
Policy Insights from the Racial Bias and Public Policy
Racial Bias and Public Policy Jack Glaser1, Katherine Spencer1, and Amanda Charbonneau1 Abstract This article explores psychological science on race bias and its implications in several …
An Analysis of 'Bias' in Survey Research - JSTOR
The above procedure for the analysis of bias may be demonstrated by several examples dealing with sampling bias, although the general model would apply to all sources of bias. Many …
Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in …
Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineer-ing (U.S.) Beyond bias and barriers : fulfilling the potential of women in academic science and …
An implicit gender sex-science association in the general …
Gender bias in science; Implicit Association Test (IAT); implicit gender bias; implicit social cognition; sex/sexuality and science; women in STEM Creating and sustaining a large and …
Food Dyes - Center for Science in the Public Interest
FOOD DYES A Rainbow of Risks iv Abbreviations ADI: Acceptable Daily Intake CCMA: Certified Color Manufacturers Association CSPI: Center for Science in the Public Interest FDA: U.S. …
Boston Medical Center Policy and Procedure Manual
Boston Medical Center Policy and Procedure Manual Section 9.0 Compliance Policy 9.23.000 Page: 1 Policy #: 09.23.000 Issued: October 2004 Reviewed/ Revised: 9/2007, 6/2011, …
