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| cross-sectional design psychology: Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods Paul J. Lavrakas, 2008-09-12 To the uninformed, surveys appear to be an easy type of research to design and conduct, but when students and professionals delve deeper, they encounter the vast complexities that the range and practice of survey methods present. To complicate matters, technology has rapidly affected the way surveys can be conducted; today, surveys are conducted via cell phone, the Internet, email, interactive voice response, and other technology-based modes. Thus, students, researchers, and professionals need both a comprehensive understanding of these complexities and a revised set of tools to meet the challenges. In conjunction with top survey researchers around the world and with Nielsen Media Research serving as the corporate sponsor, the Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods presents state-of-the-art information and methodological examples from the field of survey research. Although there are other how-to guides and references texts on survey research, none is as comprehensive as this Encyclopedia, and none presents the material in such a focused and approachable manner. With more than 600 entries, this resource uses a Total Survey Error perspective that considers all aspects of possible survey error from a cost-benefit standpoint. Key Features Covers all major facets of survey research methodology, from selecting the sample design and the sampling frame, designing and pretesting the questionnaire, data collection, and data coding, to the thorny issues surrounding diminishing response rates, confidentiality, privacy, informed consent and other ethical issues, data weighting, and data analyses Presents a Reader′s Guide to organize entries around themes or specific topics and easily guide users to areas of interest Offers cross-referenced terms, a brief listing of Further Readings, and stable Web site URLs following most entries The Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods is specifically written to appeal to beginning, intermediate, and advanced students, practitioners, researchers, consultants, and consumers of survey-based information. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Research Methodology in the Social, Behavioural and Life Sciences Herman J Ader, Gideon J Mellenbergh, 1999-12-07 This is an ideal text for advanced courses in research methods and experimental design. It argues that the methodology of quantitative research is a unified discipline with basic notions, procedures and ways of reasoning which can be applied across the social, behavioural and life sciences. Key designs, models and methods in research are covered by leading contributors in their field who seek to explain the fundamentals of the research process to enable the student to understand the broader implications and unifying themes. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine Marc D. Gellman, J. Rick Turner, |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Modern Epidemiology Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, Timothy L. Lash, 2008 The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with sixteen additional contributors, this Third Edition is the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, such as basic measures of disease frequency and associations, study design, field methods, threats to validity, and assessing precision. It also covers advanced topics in data analysis such as Bayesian analysis, bias analysis, and hierarchical regression. Chapters examine specific areas of research such as disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Encyclopedia of Research Design Neil J. Salkind, 2010-06-22 Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases.--Publisher's description. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Veterinary Epidemiology S. Wayne Martin, Alan H. Meek, Preben Willeberg, 1987 Basic principles. Epidemiologic concepts. Sampling methods. Measurement of disease frequency and production. Studying disease in animal populations. Descriptive epidemiology. Disease causation. Surveys and analytic observational studies. Design of field trials. Theoretical epidemiology: systems analysis and modeling. Animal health economics. Applied epidemiology. Rationale, strategies, and concepts of animal disease control. Monitoring disease and production. Field investigations. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods Mike Allen, 2017-04-11 Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Practical Statistics for Medical Research Douglas G. Altman, 1990-11-22 Practical Statistics for Medical Research is a problem-based text for medical researchers, medical students, and others in the medical arena who need to use statistics but have no specialized mathematics background. The author draws on twenty years of experience as a consulting medical statistician to provide clear explanations to key statistical concepts, with a firm emphasis on practical aspects of designing and analyzing medical research. Using real data and including dozens of interesting data sets, this bestselling text gives special attention to the presentation and interpretation of results and the many real problems that arise in medical research. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Longitudinal Data Analysis Toon Taris, 2000-11-13 This accessible introduction to the theory and practice of longitudinal research takes the reader through the strengths and weaknesses of this kind of research, making clear: how to design a longitudinal study; how to collect data most effectively; how to make the best use of statistical techniques; and how to interpret results. Although the book provides a broad overview of the field, the focus is always on the practical issues arising out of longitudinal research. This book supplies the student with all that they need to get started and acts as a manual for dealing with opportunities and pitfalls. It is the ideal primer for this growing area of social research. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Handbook of EHealth Evaluation Francis Yin Yee Lau, Craig Kuziemsky, 2016-11 To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/ |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Handbook for Clinical Research Flora Hammond, MD, James F. Malec, Todd Nick, Ralph Buschbacher, MD, 2014-08-26 With over 80 information-packed chapters, Handbook for Clinical Research delivers the practical insights and expert tips necessary for successful research design, analysis, and implementation. Using clear language and an accessible bullet point format, the authors present the knowledge and expertise developed over time and traditionally shared from mentor to mentee and colleague to colleague. Organized for quick access to key topics and replete with practical examples, the book describes a variety of research designs and statistical methods and explains how to choose the best design for a particular project. Research implementation, including regulatory issues and grant writing, is also covered. The book opens with a section on the basics of research design, discussing the many ways in which studies can be organized, executed, and evaluated. The second section is devoted to statistics and explains how to choose the correct statistical approach and reviews the varieties of data types, descriptive and inferential statistics, methods for demonstrating associations, hypothesis testing and prediction, specialized methods, and considerations in epidemiological studies and measure construction. The third section covers implementation, including how to develop a grant application step by step, the project budget, and the nuts and bolts of the timely and successful completion of a research project and documentation of findings: procedural manuals and case report forms collecting, managing and securing data operational structure and ongoing monitoring and evaluation and ethical and regulatory concerns in research with human subjects. With a concise presentation of the essentials for successful research, the Handbook for Clinical Research is a valuable addition to the library of any student, research professional, or clinician interested in expanding the knowledge base of his or her field. Key Features: Delivers the essential elements, practical insights, and trade secrets for ensuring successful research design, analysis, and implementation Presents the nuts and bolts of statistical analysis Organized for quick access to a wealth of information Replete with practical examples of successful research designs Û from single case designs to meta-analysis - and how to achieve them Addresses research implementation including regulatory issues and grant writing |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Research In Psychology C. James Goodwin, 2009-11-02 The sixth edition provides psychologists with insight into the essential nature of experimental psychology and a solid grounding in its methods and practices. It has been updated to help them develop research ideas, hypotheses, and design studies. In addition, they’ll find out how to carry them out, analyze results and draw reasoned conclusions from them. The chapters have also been updated with the important new developments in research methodologies and fascinating examples from recent studies to provide psychologists with the most up-to-date information in the field. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials Mark Elwood, 2007-02-22 This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Developmental Research Methods Scott A. Miller, 2017-02-14 The Fifth Edition of Scott A. Miller’s classic Developmental Research Methods presents an overview of methods to prepare students to carry out, report on, and evaluate research on human development across the lifespan. The book explores every step in the research process, from the initial concept to the final written product, covering conceptual issues of experimental design, as well as the procedural skills necessary to translate design into research. Incorporating new topics, pedagogy, and references, this edition conveys an appreciation of the issues that must be addressed, the decisions that must be made, and the obstacles that must be overcome at every phase in a research project, capturing both the excitement and the challenge of doing quality research on topics that matter. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Research Design in Social Research D. A. De Vaus, 2001-03-05 The book provides the reader with an understanding of the importance of research design and its place in the research process; describes the main types of research designs in social research; explains the logic and purposes of design to enable students to evaluate particular research strategies; equips students with the design skills to operate in real-world research situations. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Longitudinal Qualitative Research Johnny Saldaña, 2003 Johnny Saldana outlines the basic elements of longitudinal qualitative data, focusing on micro-levels of change observed within individual cases and groups of participants. He draws upon his primary experience in theater education to examine time and change in longitudinal qualitative studies; contending that playwrights and qualitative researchers write for the same purpose: to create a unique, insightful, and engaging text about the human condition. Offering sixteen specific questions through which researchers may approach the analysis of longitudinal qualitative data, Professor Saldana presents a text intended as a primer for fellow newcomers to long term inquiry, based on traditional social science methods from traditional qualitative and quantitative paradigms, but enriched by an artist-educator's unconventional perspective. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology Hugh Coolican, 2017-08-16 This sixth edition of Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology has been fully revised and updated, providing students with the most readable and comprehensive survey of research methods, statistical concepts and procedures in psychology today. Assuming no prior knowledge, this bestselling text takes you through every stage of your research project giving advice on planning and conducting studies, analysing data and writing up reports. The book provides clear coverage of statistical procedures, and includes everything needed from nominal level tests to multi-factorial ANOVA designs, multiple regression and log linear analysis. It features detailed and illustrated SPSS instructions for all these procedures eliminating the need for an extra SPSS textbook. New features in the sixth edition include: Tricky bits - in-depth notes on the things that students typically have problems with, including common misunderstandings and likely mistakes. Improved coverage of qualitative methods and analysis, plus updates to Grounded Theory, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis and Discourse Analysis. A full and recently published journal article using Thematic Analysis, illustrating how articles appear in print. Discussion of contemporary issues and debates, including recent coverage of journals’ reluctance to publish replication of studies. Fully updated online links, offering even more information and useful resources, especially for statistics. Each chapter contains a glossary, key terms and newly integrated exercises, ensuring that key concepts are understood. A companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/coolican) provides additional exercises, revision flash cards, links to further reading and data for use with SPSS. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Causality Phyllis Illari, Federica Russo, 2014-10-02 Head hits cause brain damage - but not always. Should we ban sport to protect athletes? Exposure to electromagnetic fields is strongly associated with cancer development - does that mean exposure causes cancer? Should we encourage old fashioned communication instead of mobile phones to reduce cancer rates? According to popular wisdom, the Mediterranean diet keeps you healthy. Is this belief scientifically sound? Should public health bodies encourage consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables? Severe financial constraints on research and public policy, media pressure, and public anxiety make such questions of immense current concern not just to philosophers but to scientists, governments, public bodies, and the general public. In the last decade there has been an explosion of theorizing about causality in philosophy, and also in the sciences. This literature is both fascinating and important, but it is involved and highly technical. This makes it inaccessible to many who would like to use it, philosophers and scientists alike. This book is an introduction to philosophy of causality - one that is highly accessible: to scientists unacquainted with philosophy, to philosophers unacquainted with science, and to anyone else lost in the labyrinth of philosophical theories of causality. It presents key philosophical accounts, concepts and methods, using examples from the sciences to show how to apply philosophical debates to scientific problems. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Understanding and Evaluating Research Sue L. T. McGregor, 2017-10-25 Understanding and Evaluating Research: A Critical Guide shows students how to be critical consumers of research and to appreciate the power of methodology as it shapes the research question, the use of theory in the study, the methods used, and how the outcomes are reported. The book starts with what it means to be a critical and uncritical reader of research, followed by a detailed chapter on methodology, and then proceeds to a discussion of each component of a research article as it is informed by the methodology. The book encourages readers to select an article from their discipline, learning along the way how to assess each component of the article and come to a judgment of its rigor or quality as a scholarly report. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Epidemiology Moyses Szklo, F. Javier Nieto, 2014 This book is specifically designed to expand reader knowledge while avoiding complex statistical formulations. Emphasizing the quantitative issues of epidemiology, this book focuses on study design, measures of association, interaction, research assessment, and other methods and practice. The Second Edition takes readers who have a good understanding of basic epidemiological principles through more rigorous discussions of concepts and methods. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Yang Yang, Kenneth C. Land, 2016-04-19 This book explores the ways in which statistical models, methods, and research designs can be used to open new possibilities for APC analysis. Within a single, consistent HAPC-GLMM statistical modeling framework, the authors synthesize APC models and methods for three research designs: age-by-time period tables of population rates or proportions, repeated cross-section sample surveys, and accelerated longitudinal panel studies. They show how the empirical application of the models to various problems leads to many fascinating findings on how outcome variables develop along the age, period, and cohort dimensions. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends Charles E. Lance, Charles E Lance, Robert J Vandenberg, 2010-10-18 This book provides an up-to-date review of commonly undertaken methodological and statistical practices that are sustained, in part, upon sound rationale and justification and, in part, upon unfounded lore. Some examples of these methodological urban legends, as we refer to them in this book, are characterized by manuscript critiques such as: (a) your self-report measures suffer from common method bias; (b) your item-to-subject ratios are too low; (c) you can’t generalize these findings to the real world; or (d) your effect sizes are too low. Historically, there is a kernel of truth to most of these legends, but in many cases that truth has been long forgotten, ignored or embellished beyond recognition. This book examines several such legends. Each chapter is organized to address: (a) what the legend is that we (almost) all know to be true; (b) what the kernel of truth is to each legend; (c) what the myths are that have developed around this kernel of truth; and (d) what the state of the practice should be. This book meets an important need for the accumulation and integration of these methodological and statistical practices. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Epidemiology in Medicine Julie E. Buring, 1987 Harvard Medical School, Boston. Textbook for medical and public health students. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Handbook of the Psychology of Aging K Warner Schaie, Sherry L. Willis, 2010-12-21 The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Seventh Edition, provides a basic reference source on the behavioral processes of aging for researchers, graduate students, and professionals. It also provides perspectives on the behavioral science of aging for researchers and professionals from other disciplines. The book is organized into four parts. Part 1 reviews key methodological and analytical issues in aging research. It examines some of the major historical influences that might provide explanatory mechanisms for a better understanding of cohort and period differences in psychological aging processes. Part 2 includes chapters that discuss the basics and nuances of executive function; the history of the morphometric research on normal brain aging; and the neural changes that occur in the brain with aging. Part 3 deals with the social and health aspects of aging. It covers the beliefs that individuals have about how much they can control various outcomes in their life; the impact of stress on health and aging; and the interrelationships between health disparities, social class, and aging. Part 4 discusses the emotional aspects of aging; family caregiving; and mental disorders and legal capacities in older adults. - Contains all the main areas of psychological gerontological research in one volume - Entire section on neuroscience and aging - Begins with a section on theory and methods - Edited by one of the father of gerontology (Schaie) and contributors represent top scholars in gerontology |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Epidemiologic Research David G. Kleinbaum, Lawrence L. Kupper, Hal Morgenstern, 1991-01-16 Epidemiologic Research Principles and Quantitative Methods DavidG. Kleinbaum, Ph.D. Lawrence L. Kupper. Ph.D. Hal Morgenstern,Ph.D. Epidemiologic Research covers the principles and methodsof planning, analysis and interpretation of epidemiologic researchstudies. It supplies the applied researcher with the mostup-to-date methodological thought and practice. Specifically, thebook focuses on quantitative (including statistical) issues arisingfrom epidemiologic investigations, as well as on the questions ofstudy design, measurement and validity. EpidemiologicResearch emphasizes practical techniques, procedures andstrategies. It presents them through a unified approach whichfollows the chronology of issues that arise during theinvestigation of an epidemic. The book's viewpoint ismultidisciplinary and equally useful to the epidemiologicresearcher and to the biostatistician. Theory is supplemented bynumerous examples, exercises and applications. Full solutions aregiven to all exercises in a separate solutions manual. Importantfeatures * Thorough discussion of the methodology of epidemiologicresearch * Stress on validity and hence on reliability * Balanced approach, presenting the most important prevailingviewpoints * Three chapters with applications of mathematical modeling |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Designing Clinical Research Stephen B. Hulley, Steven R. Cummings, Warren S. Browner, Deborah G. Grady, Thomas B. Newman, 2011-11-30 Designing Clinical Research sets the standard for providing a practical guide to planning, tabulating, formulating, and implementing clinical research, with an easy-to-read, uncomplicated presentation. This edition incorporates current research methodology—including molecular and genetic clinical research—and offers an updated syllabus for conducting a clinical research workshop. Emphasis is on common sense as the main ingredient of good science. The book explains how to choose well-focused research questions and details the steps through all the elements of study design, data collection, quality assurance, and basic grant-writing. All chapters have been thoroughly revised, updated, and made more user-friendly. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Principles and Practice of Clinical Research John I. Gallin, Frederick P Ognibene, 2011-04-28 The second edition of this innovative work again provides a unique perspective on the clinical discovery process by providing input from experts within the NIH on the principles and practice of clinical research. Molecular medicine, genomics, and proteomics have opened vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research. As an introductory reference it gives clinical investigators in all fields an awareness of the tools required to ensure research protocols are well designed and comply with the rigorous regulatory requirements necessary to maximize the safety of research subjects. Complete with sections on the history of clinical research and ethics, copious figures and charts, and sample documents it serves as an excellent companion text for any course on clinical research and as a must-have reference for seasoned researchers.*Incorporates new chapters on Managing Conflicts of Interest in Human Subjects Research, Clinical Research from the Patient's Perspective, The Clinical Researcher and the Media, Data Management in Clinical Research, Evaluation of a Protocol Budget, Clinical Research from the Industry Perspective, and Genetics in Clinical Research *Addresses the vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research*Delves into data management and addresses how to collect data and use it for discovery*Contains valuable, up-to-date information on how to obtain funding from the federal government |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Arlene Fink, 2013 Designed for students and practitioners, this practical book shows how to do evidence-based research in public health. As a great deal of evidence-based practice occurs online, it focuses on how to find, use, and interpret online sources of public health information. It also includes examples of community-based participatory research and shows how to link data with community preferences and needs. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Introduction to Psychology Lionel Nicholas, 2008 Completely revised and updated, this newly illustrated guide helps both licensed and student nurses apply the latest in psychological research and theory to their everyday lives. Sensation, perception, cognitive processes, and developmental psychology are among the topics discussed. A brief history of the field and new information on HIV and AIDS are also included along with a CD-ROM containing PowerPoint slides for each chapter. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.), 2013-02-21 This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov) |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Handbook of Life Course Health Development Neal Halfon, Christopher B. Forrest, Richard M. Lerner, Elaine M. Faustman, 2017-11-20 This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: A Cross Section of Nursing Research Roberta J Peteva, 2016-11-18 • The 39 research articles in this collection illustrate a wide variety of models for both quantitative and qualitative nursing research. •The lines in each article are sequentially numbered, which facilitates classroom discussions by allowing professors and students to pinpoint specific parts of an article. •The articles have been carefully selected for use with students who are just beginning their study of research methods. The difficulty level will challenge but not overwhelm. •Factual Questions at the end of each article draw students’ attention to methodologically important points. •Questions for Discussion request students’ opinions on unique aspects of each article. •Helps instructors avoid copyright infringement problems. The publisher has paid fees to the copyright holders for permission to include the research articles in this book. • New to this edition: A copy of our Bonus Articles for A Cross Section of Nursing Research booklet is included free of charge. •The research articles are classified under these major headings: •nonexperimental quantitative research •true experimental research •quasi-experimental research •pre-experimental research •qualitative research •combined qualitative and quantitative research •test reliability and validity research •meta analysis. The articles have been drawn from a wide variety of journals such as: •Behavior Modification •Cancer Nursing •Computers in Nursing •Computers, Informatics, Nursing •Health Education & Behavior •Issues in Mental Health Nursing •Journal for Nurses in Staff Development •Journal of Community Health Nursing •Journal of Gerontological Nursing •Journal of Nursing Care Quality •Journal of Pediatric Nursing •Journal of Research in Nursing •Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses •Nurse Educator •Nursing Research •Psychological Reports •Public Health Nursing •Rehabilitation Nursing •Research in Nursing & Health •The Journal of Nursing Administration •Western Journal of Nursing Research |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Functional Neurobiology of Aging Patrick R. Hof, Charles V. Mobbs, 2001-01-11 Some well-known age-related neurological diseases include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, deafness, and blindness. Even more common are the problems of aging which are not due to disease but to more subtle impairments in neurobiological systems, including impairments in vision, memory loss, muscle weakening, and loss of reproductive functions, changes in body weight, and sleeplessness. As the average age of our society increases, diseases of aging continue to become more common, and conditions associated with aging need more attention by doctors and researchers. In 1991, patients over the age of 65 saw their doctors an average of eight times per year. Research funding is provided by the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology of Aging (NNA) Program, which is run by the National Institute on Aging. This book offers a comprehensive overview of all topics related to functional impairments which are related to the aging brain and nervous system. It is organized according to four general functions: movement, senses, memory, and neuroendocrine regulation. Written by the leading researchers in the field, this comprehensive work addresses both impairments associated with diseases and not associated with diseases, making it easier to understand the mechanisms involved. Functional Neurobiology of Aging is an important reference for professionals and students involved in aging research, as well as physicians who need to recognize and understand age-related impairments. - Organized by function, making it easy to find and understand the material - Addresses impairments both associated with diseases and not associated with diseases - Written by leading researchers in the field - Most comprehensive source of information on the neurobiology of aging |
| cross-sectional design psychology: The Behavioral and Social Sciences National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1988-02-01 This volume explores the scientific frontiers and leading edges of research across the fields of anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, history, business, education, geography, law, and psychiatry, as well as the newer, more specialized areas of artificial intelligence, child development, cognitive science, communications, demography, linguistics, and management and decision science. It includes recommendations concerning new resources, facilities, and programs that may be needed over the next several years to ensure rapid progress and provide a high level of returns to basic research. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Imaging the Aging Brain William Jagust, Mark D'Esposito, 2009 This book contains chapters from experts in the fields of brain imaging, clinical neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience who have studied the aging brain. Topics covered include technical factors in brain imaging, pathological basis of age-related structural and functional changes, neurochemistry and genetics of brain imaging in aging, and the use of imaging techniques in diagnosis, longitudinal testing, drug development and testing, and presymptomatic detection. The book is intended to be both a detailed review of the current status of brain imaging and aging and to serve as an introduction to the field for those who may be starting investigations using imaging techniques of PET, structural MRI, and functional MRI. It covers basic science approaches such as using fMRI to probe networks, as well as recent developments like amyloid imaging and the use of imaging as a biomarker in clinical trials. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Handbook of Models for Human Aging P. Michael Conn, 2011-04-28 The Handbook of Models for Human Aging is designed as the only comprehensive work available that covers the diversity of aging models currently available. For each animal model, it presents key aspects of biology, nutrition, factors affecting life span, methods of age determination, use in research, and disadvantages/advantes of use. Chapters on comparative models take a broad sweep of age-related diseases, from Alzheimer's to joint disease, cataracts, cancer, and obesity. In addition, there is an historical overview and discussion of model availability, key methods, and ethical issues. - Utilizes a multidisciplinary approach - Shows tricks and approaches not available in primary publications - First volume of its kind to combine both methods of study for human aging and animal models - Over 200 illustrations |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research Donald T. Campbell, Julian C. Stanley, 2015-09-03 We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control. |
| cross-sectional design psychology: Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline Colin R Martin, Victor R Preedy, 2014-12-30 Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline offers researchers and clinicians a single authoritative source which outlines the complex interrelationships between cognitive decline, dementia and the way diet can be modified to improve outcomes. In a cross-disciplinary field like dementia research and practice, clinicians and researchers need a comprehensive resource which will quickly help them identify a range of nutritional components and how they affect cognitive decline and the development of dementia. While the focus is on clinical applications, the book also features landmark and innovative preclinical studies that have served as the foundation of rigorous trials. Chapters explore the evidence of how nutritional components, either in the diet or supplements, can either impede the development to, or progression from, the onset of dementia. Authors investigate how conditions and processes overlap between defined conditions and present studies which show that dietary components may be equally effective in a number of conditions characterized by declining cognition or dementia. This book represents essential reading for researchers and practicing clinicians in nutrition, dietetics, geriatrics, nursing, neurology, and psychology, as well as researchers, such as neuroscientists, molecular and cellular biochemists, interested in dementia. http://www.acnr.co.uk/2015/07/diet-and-nutrition-in-dementia-and-cognitive-decline/ - Explores the complex interrelationships between cognitive decline, dementia and the way diet can be modified to improve outcomes - Focuses on both clinical nutrition applications and the innovative preclinical studies that serve as the foundation for rigorous trials - Covers specific conditions and mechanisms in dementias, as well as general aspects, risk factors, lifestyle and guidelines for practitioners - Organizes chapter content in terms of the molecular, mechanistic, epidemiologic, and practical, so that correlations can be observed across conditions |
| cross-sectional design psychology: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation Bruce B. Frey, 2018-01-29 This encyclopedia is the first major reference guide for students new to the field, covering traditional areas while pointing the way to future developments. |
Jesus and the Cross - Biblical Archaeology Society
Jan 26, 2025 · The cross remains as you said, as a symbol of the degradation and suffering that Jesus submitted his body as a sacrifice for the sins of humanity. The cross with or without the …
How Was Jesus Crucified? - Biblical Archaeology Society
Apr 16, 2025 · Gospel accounts of Jesus’s execution do not specify how exactly Jesus was secured to the cross. Yet in Christian tradition, Jesus had his palms and feet pierced with …
Roman Crucifixion Methods Reveal the History of Crucifixion
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Sep 24, 2024 · But the cross had nothing to do with Jesus Christ. The New Catholic Encyclopedia explains: “The cross is found in both pre-Christian and non-Christian cultures.” Jesus did not …
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What is the difference between cross_validate and cross_val_score?
Mar 11, 2021 · Note: When the cv argument is an integer, cross_val_score uses the KFold or StratifiedKFold strategies by default, the latter being used if the estimator derives from …
A Tomb in Jerusalem Reveals the History of Crucifixion and …
Aug 6, 2024 · The second device added to the cross was the suppedaneum, or foot support. It was less painful than the sedile, but it also prolonged the victim’s agony. Ancient historians …
When to use cross-validation? - Data Science Stack Exchange
Jan 23, 2021 · Cross-validation. Hi, I'm deploying machine learning models in my MSc thesis using Weka. I have noticed that when I use 10-fold cross-validation in the training dataset I get …
Cross validation - Data Science Stack Exchange
Apr 17, 2024 · Then cross-validation is only applied to the training data as it is part of the training process. The other issue raised in the linked post do not seem to me specific to cross …
Nested-cross validation pipeline and confidence intervals
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Cross-Sectional Study Design and Data Analysis
What she did was a cross-sectional study, and the document she mailed out was a simple questionnaire. In reading public health research, you may encounter many terms that appear …
7 Longitudinal Research Designs - Springer
tory of events in the life course. This type of design is often regarded as superior to a cross-sectional design because it enables processes and causes of change within individuals and …
Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality …
become necessary. Cross-sectional studies (CSSs) are one of those study designs that are of increasing importance in evidence-based medicine (EBM). A CSS has been defined as: ‘An …
Open access Original research Examining the impacts of the …
Design, setting and participants This descriptive study used a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adults living in Canada (n=3000) to examine the mental health impacts of …
Longitudinal Research Strategies: Advantages, Problems, and …
Cross-sectionaldata involve measures at one time only: for example, when 26 different samples of individuals, of each age from just after birth to age 25, are studied at the same time. The …
Using Microgenetic Designs to Study Change Processes
In both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs the researcher can see the products of change, not the process. Essentially, what these kinds of designs do is to compare the infants’ or …
Cross sectional studies: advantages and disadvantages - The …
Cross sectional studies: advantages and disadvantages Author: Philip Sedgwick Created Date: 20140326114948Z ...
Topic #10 - people.tamu.edu
Specific Threats to Internal Validity Faced by Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Designs 1. Selective survival! This is intrinsic to both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.! This threat …
The Moderating Role of Body Satisfaction on the
A purposive sampling technique was applied base on the cross-sectional design in present study. 300 university students with age ranged from 18 to 25 years (M = 20.12,
Observational Study Design Part I - osctr.ouhsc.edu
during the early postpartum period (a cross‐ sectional survey) –Journal of Nursing Research2004;23(4):287‐295. 5 In a fourth example, investigators conducted a cross‐sectional …
Group Experimental Designs - SAGE Publications Inc
Diversity, Group Design, and . Evidence-Based Practice137 Ethical Issues Unique to Experimental Research 13 9. Deception. 140. Selective Distribution of Benefits. 140. …
Chapter 8 Experimental Design - University of Houston
Repeated Measures design Advantages – Fewer participants needed – Extremely sensitive to effects of the independent variable ... Developmental Designs • Developmental designs explore …
Psychological Medicine A repeated cross-sectional survey …
psychology, and other). Methods. Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, we collected survey data among a large sample of 7228 university students from Poland (mean age=22.78, …
Chapter 12 Development - Prexams
The sequential research design can be seen as: A. essentially the same thing as a longitudinal design. B. the opposite of the cross-sectional design. C. unrelated to either the longitudinal or …
Handbook of Research Methods in Developmental Science
Methods in Psychology provide an invaluable and cutting-edge overview of classic, ... 1 Issues in the Use of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Designs 3 Kelly Robinson Todd Schmidt and …
When Can Age, Period, and Cohort be Separated? - JSTOR
cross-sectional, and time-lag); the three inferred effects (age, period, and cohort); and the several possible causes of these effects (see Summary Table). For example, cross-sectional …
PSYC 335 Developmental Psychology I - godsonug
Sequential design Slide 24 •Participants in different ages are studied over time •Draw the strength of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs •Allows researchers to make both longitudinal …
Sample Size for a Cross-Sectional, Cohort, or Clinical Trial
This module calculates sample size for a cross-sectional study, a cohort study, or a clinical trial. The data input screen is as follows: The four values required for a sample size calculation are: …
Longitudinal Designs, Methods and Analysis in Psychiatric …
cross-sectional designs, of which all longitudinal studies necessarily begin, before approaching longitudinal design and analysis of longitudinal data. The strengths and weaknesses of cross …
Study protocol: A national cross‐sectional study on …
theoretical framework of the 2023 Survey of the Psychology and Behavior of the Chinese Population. It aims to establish a consistent database of Chinese residents' psychological and …
Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well …
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A Cross Sectional Study on Psychology of It Sector Pregnant …
3. Study Design This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women who are in third trimester at 24-40 weeks’ gestation. The study is observational analytical study. Accidental sampling …
Cause and effect: Optimizing the designs of longitudinal …
firmly established cross-sectionally. We believe that this is at least partly due to poor a priori consideration of what exactly should be the right longitudinal design for studying the specific …
Quantitative Research Designs: Experimental, Quasi …
Compare and contrast the descriptive cross-sectional, repeated cross-sectional, comparative, and descriptive correlational designs. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various …
Suicidal Behavior and Associated Factors Among Students in …
Methods: Institution-based multistage stratified cross-sectional study design was conducted among 523 regular main campus students of Mettu University. The Suicidal Behaviors …
Introduction: Longitudinal research design and analysis
design and analysis Scott Menard 1 Longitudinal and cross-sectional designs for research As described in Menard (2002), longitudinal research designs can best be understood by …
Indigenous Mental Health Perspective in cognitive distortions: …
A purposive sampling te chnique and cross -sectional study design were used to carry out current study. Two hundred participants (male, n = 100; female, n= 100) with age ranged
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A Comparison of Efficiencies of Longitudinal, Mixed …
correlations between adjacent time points are not too large, cross-sectional and mixed longitudinal designs are more efficient than a longitudinal design. Planners of experiments in education and …
The Microgenetic Method: Measuring Change - CORE
This contrasts with the usual, cross-sectional methodological approach, which provides a snapshot of competence at one or more time points. The 1 School of Psychology, University of …
Correlates of resilience among university students in Oman: a …
Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized. Data was collected from 676 university students. Students were ... Al Omari et al. BMC Psychology (2023) 11:2 Page 3 of 9 intent and consent …
Prevalence of Transparent Research Practices in Psychology: …
Design The study had a cross-sectional design. In two samples of articles, we measured the following transparency indi-cators: (a) open access (to articles), (b) preregistration, (c) sharing …
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Two studies investigated the cross-temporal and cross-sectional associations between income inequality and interpersonal trust in China. In Study 1, a cross-temporal meta-analysis involving …
Open access Original research Impact of medical school on …
⇒ The cross-sectional design captured a snapshot of students’ experiences but limited the ability to infer causal relationships. ⇒ The study focused solely on private institutions, which restricts …
Predictive Validity of Coping Strategies on Marital Satisfaction: …
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American Journal of Psychology and Brain Studies
Design The project design involved taking an observational, cross-sectional approach, investigating participants’ perceptions of players, coaches and referees with and without …
Do Not Cross Me: Optimizing the Use of Cross-Sectional …
to best use cross-sectional designs and for reviewers about how best to evaluate whether a cross-sectional design was a reasonable choice for addressing the expressed purpose of a paper. …
Cross-Sectional Studies - Helsinki
KEY WORDS: bias; confounding; cross-sectional studies; prevalence; sampling General Overview of Cross-Sectional Study Design In medical research, a cross-sectional study is a …
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Annual Review of Asian American Psychology, 2014
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Evidence Pyramid - Levels of Evidence - University of New …
assigned to control and experimental groups); the strongest design to support cause and effect relationships. Level 3 Evidence Controlled Trial: experimental design that studies the effect of …
Social Well-Being and Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Cross
Another reason why we used a longitudinal design is the risk for common method bias (Podsakoff et al., 2012). Specifically, when participants’ reports of their internal states are collected at the …
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Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale …
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Behavioral determinants of dental and facial esthetic self …
Settings, study design and sample A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the effects of behavioral determinants on dental and facial self-perception in 1,232 participants at …
Workplace violence, work‐related exhaustion, and workplace …
Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: An online questionnaire was administered in April 2023 to nurses in Michigan, US. Structural equation modelling was used to examine effects of …
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J ...
35.8 years, ranging from 16 to 88 years) participated in an online cross-sectional survey examining whether demographic variables, symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity …
Ultimate Study Guide for AP Psychology - Mrs. Tompkins' …
Unit 2 – BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR (BioPsych) Interaction of Heredity and Environment 2.A Discuss psychology's abiding interest in how heredity, environment, and …
