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| centromere simple definition biology: The Centromere K. H. Andy Choo, 1997 The centromere is an essential structure on all eukaryotic chromosomes that allows the equipartition of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. Since its cytogenetic recognition as a constructed part of a chromosome many decades ago, great advances have been made in ourunderstanding of this intriguing structure, especially at the molecular level. This book brings together all available information on the centromere. It covers in details the DNA and protein components of this structure, and their individual functions, in species as diverse as budding and fissionyeasts, nematodes, Drosophila, mice, and humans; newly discovered roles of the centromere in marshalling passenger proteins; important emerging concepts such as latent centromeres and epigenetic factors; cytogenetic problems associated with centromere abnormalities; and practical application ofcentromere studies, such as in the construction of human artificial chromosomes for gene therapy. Supported by ample illustrations, the book is written with sufficient simplicity and detail to suit both specialist and non-specialist scholars. It is the first book on the subject |
| centromere simple definition biology: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Major Transitions in Evolution John Maynard Smith, Eörs Szathmáry, 1997-10-30 During evolution there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies. This is the first book to discuss all these major transitions and their implications for our understanding of evolution.Clearly written and illustrated with many original diagrams, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and genetics. |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Kinetochore: Peter De Wulf, William Earnshaw, 2008-12-16 Kinetochores orchestrate the faithful transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next. Kinetochores were first depicted over 100 years ago, but kinetochore research has progressed by leaps and bounds since the first description of their constituent DNA and proteins in the 1980s. “The Kinetochore: from Molecular Discoveries to Cancer Therapy” presents a thorough up-to-date analysis of kinetochore and centromere composition, formation, regulation, and activity, both in mitosis and meiosis, in humans and “model” eukaryotic species, and at natural and mutant neocentromeres. Recently initiated translational research on kinetochores is also discussed as kinetochores are being mined as a very rich target for the next generations of anti-cancer drugs. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Centromeres and Kinetochores Ben E. Black, 2017-08-23 This book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics Anita Göndör, 2016-10-25 Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with the 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes. The final chapters discuss the many ways chromatin dynamics can synergize to fundamentally contribute to the development of complex diseases. Chromatin dynamics, which is strategically positioned at the gene-environment interface, is at the core of disease development. As such, Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics, part of the Translational Epigenetics series, facilitates the flow of information between research areas such as chromatin regulation, developmental biology, and epidemiology by focusing on recent findings of the fast-moving field of chromatin regulation. - Presents and discusses novel principles of chromatin regulation and dynamics with a cross-disciplinary perspective - Promotes crosstalk between basic sciences and their applications in medicine - Provides a framework for future studies on complex diseases by integrating various aspects of chromatin biology with cellular metabolic states, with an emphasis on the dynamic nature of chromatin and stochastic principles - Integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes |
| centromere simple definition biology: Centrosome and Centriole , 2015-09-10 This new volume of Methods in Cell Biology looks at methods for analyzing centrosomes and centrioles. Chapters cover such topics as methods to analyze centrosomes, centriole biogenesis and function in multi-ciliated cells, laser manipulation of centrosomes or CLEM, analysis of centrosomes in human cancers and tissues, proximity interaction techniques to study centrosomes, and genome engineering for creating conditional alleles in human cells. - Covers sections on model systems and functional studies, imaging-based approaches and emerging studies - Chapters are written by experts in the field - Cutting-edge material |
| centromere simple definition biology: Genetics for Surgeons Patrick John Morrison, Roy Archibald Joseph Spence, 2005 Morrison (human genetics, University of Ulster, UK) and Spence (biomedical science, University of Ulster, UK) offer an accessible reference on the genetic disorders that surgeons can expect to meet in general surgical practice. Written in non-technical language, with a glossary, list of abbreviations, and color and b&w photos and medical images, the book supplies an introduction to the nomenclature and technology of molecular biology, and will be a useful starting point for those who wish to extend their knowledge. Annotation :2005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com). |
| centromere simple definition biology: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Chromosome identification: Medicine and Natural Sciences Torbjoern Caspersson, 1973-01-01 Chromosome Identification—Technique and Applications in Biology and Medicine contains the proceedings of the Twenty-Third Nobel Symposium held at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden, on September 25-27,1972. The papers review advances in chromosome banding techniques and their applications in biology and medicine. Techniques for the study of pattern constancy and for rapid karyotype analysis are discussed, along with cytological procedures; karyotypes in different organisms; somatic cell hybridization; and chemical composition of chromosomes. This book is comprised of 51 chapters divided into nine sections and begins with a survey of the cytological procedures, including fluorescence banding techniques, constitutive heterochromatin (C-band) technique, and Giemsa banding technique. The following chapters explore computerized statistical analysis of banding pattern; the use of distribution functions to describe integrated profiles of human chromosomes; the uniqueness of the human karyotype; and the application of somatic cell hybridization to the study of gene linkage and complementation. The mechanisms for certain chromosome aberration are also analyzed, together with fluorescent banding agents and differential staining of human chromosomes after oxidation treatment. This monograph will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of biology and medicine. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Physical Biology of the Cell Rob Phillips, Jane Kondev, Julie Theriot, Hernan Garcia, 2012-10-29 Physical Biology of the Cell is a textbook for a first course in physical biology or biophysics for undergraduate or graduate students. It maps the huge and complex landscape of cell and molecular biology from the distinct perspective of physical biology. As a key organizing principle, the proximity of topics is based on the physical concepts that |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Structure and Function of Chromatin David W. FitzSimons, G. E. W. Wolstenholme, 2009-09-16 The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Fungi Kevin Kavanagh, 2011-08-04 Fungi: Biology and Applications, Second Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of fungi, covering biochemistry, genetics and the medical and economic significance of these organisms at introductory level. With no prior knowledge of the subject assumed, the opening chapters offer a broad overview of the basics of fungal biology, in particular the physiology and genetics of fungi and also a new chapter on the application of genomics to fungi. Later chapters move on to include more detailed coverage of topics such as antibiotic and chemical commodities from fungi, new chapters on biotechnological use of fungal enzymes and fungal proteomics, and fungal diseases of humans, antifungal agents for use in human therapy and fungal pathogens of plants. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Mitosis and Meiosis Part A , 2018-05-24 Mitosis and Meiosis, Part A, Volume 144, a new volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Unique to this updated volume are chapters on Analyzing the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in human cell culture, an Analysis of CIN, a Functional analysis of the tubulin code in mitosis, Employing CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to dissect the molecular requirements for mitosis, Applying the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system for rapid protein depletion in mammalian cells, Small Molecule Tools in Mitosis Research, Optogenetic control of mitosis with photocaged chemical, and more. - Contains contributions from experts in the field from across the world - Covers a wide array of topics on both mitosis and meiosis - Includes relevant, analysis based topics |
| centromere simple definition biology: Diagnostic Molecular Biology Chang-Hui Shen, 2023-06-29 Diagnostic Molecular Biology, Second Edition describes the fundamentals of molecular biology in a clear, concise manner with each technique explained within its conceptual framework and current applications of clinical laboratory techniques comprehensively covered. This targeted approach covers the principles of molecular biology, including basic knowledge of nucleic acids, proteins and chromosomes; the basic techniques and instrumentations commonly used in the field of molecular biology, including detailed procedures and explanations; and the applications of the principles and techniques currently employed in the clinical laboratory. Topics such as whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq round out the discussion. Fully updated, this new edition adds recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infections in humans, like influenza, RSV, hAdV, hRV but also corona. This book expands the discussion on NGS application and its role in future precision medicine. - Provides explanations on how techniques are used to diagnosis at the molecular level - Explains how to use information technology to communicate and assess results in the lab - Enhances our understanding of fundamental molecular biology and places techniques in context - Places protocols into context with practical applications - Includes extra chapters on respiratory viruses (Corona) |
| centromere simple definition biology: Cells: Molecules and Mechanisms Eric Wong, 2009 Yet another cell and molecular biology book? At the very least, you would think that if I was going to write a textbook, I should write one in an area that really needs one instead of a subject that already has multiple excellent and definitive books. So, why write this book, then? First, it's a course that I have enjoyed teaching for many years, so I am very familiar with what a student really needs to take away from this class within the time constraints of a semester. Second, because it is a course that many students take, there is a greater opportunity to make an impact on more students' pocketbooks than if I were to start off writing a book for a highly specialized upper- level course. And finally, it was fun to research and write, and can be revised easily for inclusion as part of our next textbook, High School Biology.--Open Textbook Library. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Mitosis/Cytokinesis Arthur Zimmerman, 2012-12-02 Mitosis/Cytokinesis provides a comprehensive discussion of the various aspects of mitosis and cytokinesis, as studied from different points of view by various authors. The book summarizes work at different levels of organization, including phenomenological, molecular, genetic, and structural levels. The book is divided into three sections that cover the premeiotic and premitotic events; mitotic mechanisms and approaches to the study of mitosis; and mechanisms of cytokinesis. The authors used a uniform style in presenting the concepts by including an overview of the field, a main theme, and a conclusion so that a broad range of biologists could understand the concepts. This volume also explores the potential developments in the study of mitosis and cytokinesis, providing a background and perspective into research on mitosis and cytokinesis that will be invaluable to scientists and advanced students in cell biology. The book is an excellent reference for students, lecturers, and research professionals in cell biology, molecular biology, developmental biology, genetics, biochemistry, and physiology. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Janeway's Immunobiology Kenneth Murphy, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Peter Walter, 2010-06-22 The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes. |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Biology of Reproduction Giuseppe Fusco, Alessandro Minelli, 2019-10-10 A look into the phenomena of sex and reproduction in all organisms, taking an innovative, unified and comprehensive approach. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Chromosome Structure and Function Andreas Houben, 2009 Our understanding of the function and structure of chromosomes and their interrelationship has grown in recent years. The chapters in this issue describe the advances that have been made possible by combining microscope techniques with sophisticated biochemical and genetic approaches to unlock the secrets of chromosomes. The authors look at many aspects of chromosome biology, such as protein, DNA and RNA composition of chromosomes, defined chromosome structures, unusual chromosome structures and specialized chromosomes and microscope tools for chromosome analysis. 'Chromosome Structure and Function' will be an invaluable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields such as plant and animal sciences, genetics, and molecular biology. In fact, any student, teacher or researcher interested in chromosome biology will find this special issue indispensable. |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Physical Basis of Heredity Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1919 |
| centromere simple definition biology: Principles of Biology Lisa Bartee, Walter Shiner, Catherine Creech, 2017 The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research. |
| centromere simple definition biology: MicroRNAs Krishnarao Appasani, 2009-08-20 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules, conserved by evolution, that regulate gene expressions and their recent discovery is revolutionising both basic biomedical research and drug discovery. Expression levels of MiRNAs have been found to vary between tissues and with developmental stages and hence evaluation of the global expression of miRNAs potentially provides opportunities to identify regulatory points for many different biological processes. This wide-ranging reference work, written by leading experts from both academia and industry, will be an invaluable resource for all those wishing to use miRNA techniques in their own research, from graduate students, post-docs and researchers in academia to those working in R&D in biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies who need to understand this emerging technology. From the discovery of miRNAs and their functions to their detection and role in disease biology, this volume uniquely integrates the basic science with industry application towards drug validation, diagnostic and therapeutic development. Forewords by: Sidney Altman, Yale University, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1989 and Victor R. Ambros, Dartmouth Medical School, Co-discoverer of MicroRNAs |
| centromere simple definition biology: Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences Heide Schatten, 2013 A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Glossary of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999 An up-to-date list of terms currently in use in biotechnology, genetic engineering and allied fields. The terms in the glossary have been selected from books, dictionaries, journals and abstracts. Terms are included that are important for FAO's intergovernmental activities, especially in the areas of plant and animal genetic resources, food quality and plant protection. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field Yasunari Ogihara, Shigeo Takumi, Hirokazu Handa, 2015-09-15 This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security. |
| centromere simple definition biology: DNA James D. Watson, Andrew Berry, 2009-01-21 Fifty years ago, James D. Watson, then just twentyfour, helped launch the greatest ongoing scientific quest of our time. Now, with unique authority and sweeping vision, he gives us the first full account of the genetic revolution—from Mendel’s garden to the double helix to the sequencing of the human genome and beyond. Watson’s lively, panoramic narrative begins with the fanciful speculations of the ancients as to why “like begets like” before skipping ahead to 1866, when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first deduced the basic laws of inheritance. But genetics as we recognize it today—with its capacity, both thrilling and sobering, to manipulate the very essence of living things—came into being only with the rise of molecular investigations culminating in the breakthrough discovery of the structure of DNA, for which Watson shared a Nobel prize in 1962. In the DNA molecule’s graceful curves was the key to a whole new science. Having shown that the secret of life is chemical, modern genetics has set mankind off on a journey unimaginable just a few decades ago. Watson provides the general reader with clear explanations of molecular processes and emerging technologies. He shows us how DNA continues to alter our understanding of human origins, and of our identities as groups and as individuals. And with the insight of one who has remained close to every advance in research since the double helix, he reveals how genetics has unleashed a wealth of possibilities to alter the human condition—from genetically modified foods to genetically modified babies—and transformed itself from a domain of pure research into one of big business as well. It is a sometimes topsy-turvy world full of great minds and great egos, driven by ambitions to improve the human condition as well as to improve investment portfolios, a world vividly captured in these pages. Facing a future of choices and social and ethical implications of which we dare not remain uninformed, we could have no better guide than James Watson, who leads us with the same bravura storytelling that made The Double Helix one of the most successful books on science ever published. Infused with a scientist’s awe at nature’s marvels and a humanist’s profound sympathies, DNA is destined to become the classic telling of the defining scientific saga of our age. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Maize for Biological Research William F. Sheridan, 1982 |
| centromere simple definition biology: Anatomy and Physiology J. Gordon Betts, Peter DeSaix, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, James A. Wise, Mark Womble, Kelly A. Young, 2013-04-25 |
| centromere simple definition biology: Agrobacterium: From Biology to Biotechnology Tzvi Tzfira, Vitaly Citovsky, 2007-12-25 Agrobacterium is a plant pathogen which causes the “crown-gall” disease, a neoplastic growth that results from the transfer of a well-defined DNA segment (“transferred DNA”, or “T-DNA”) from the bacterial Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid to the host cell, its integration into the host genome, and the expression of oncogenes contained on the T-DNA. The molecular machinery, needed for T-DNA generation and transport into the host cell and encoded by a series of chromosomal (chv) and Ti-plasmid virulence (vir) genes, has been the subject of numerous studies over the past several decades. Today, Agrobacterium is the tool of choice for plant genetic engineering with an ever expanding host range that includes many commercially important crops, flowers, and tree species. Furthermore, its recent application for the genetic transformation of non-plant species, from yeast to cultivated mushrooms and even to human cells, promises this bacterium a unique place in the future of biotechnological applications. The book is a comprehensive volume describing Agrobacterium's biology, interactions with host species, and uses for genetic engineering. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Cell Organelles Reinhold G. Herrmann, 2012-12-06 The compartmentation of genetic information is a fundamental feature of the eukaryotic cell. The metabolic capacity of a eukaryotic (plant) cell and the steps leading to it are overwhelmingly an endeavour of a joint genetic cooperation between nucleus/cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria. Alter ation of the genetic material in anyone of these compartments or exchange of organelles between species can seriously affect harmoniously balanced growth of an organism. Although the biological significance of this genetic design has been vividly evident since the discovery of non-Mendelian inheritance by Baur and Correns at the beginning of this century, and became indisputable in principle after Renner's work on interspecific nuclear/plastid hybrids (summarized in his classical article in 1934), studies on the genetics of organelles have long suffered from the lack of respectabil ity. Non-Mendelian inheritance was considered a research sideline~ifnot a freak~by most geneticists, which becomes evident when one consults common textbooks. For instance, these have usually impeccable accounts of photosynthetic and respiratory energy conversion in chloroplasts and mitochondria, of metabolism and global circulation of the biological key elements C, N, and S, as well as of the organization, maintenance, and function of nuclear genetic information. In contrast, the heredity and molecular biology of organelles are generally treated as an adjunct, and neither goes as far as to describe the impact of the integrated genetic system. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Genomes 3 Terence A. Brown, 2007 The VitalBook e-book version of Genomes 3 is only available in the US and Canada at the present time. To purchase or rent please visit http://store.vitalsource.com/show/9780815341383 Covering molecular genetics from the basics through to genome expression and molecular phylogenetics, Genomes 3is the latest edition of this pioneering textbook. Updated to incorporate the recent major advances, Genomes 3 is an invaluable companion for any undergraduate throughout their studies in molecular genetics. Genomes 3 builds on the achievements of the previous two editions by putting genomes, rather than genes, at the centre of molecular genetics teaching. Recognizing that molecular biology research was being driven more by genome sequencing and functional analysis than by research into genes, this approach has gathered momentum in recent years. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Keith Wilson, John Walker, 2010-03-04 Uniquely integrates the theory and practice of key experimental techniques for bioscience undergraduates. Now includes drug discovery and clinical biochemistry. |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Third-chromosome Group of Mutant Characters of Drosophila Melanogaster Calvin Blackman Bridges, Thomas Hunt Morgan, 2022-10-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Fundamental Molecular Biology Lizabeth A. Allison, 2011-10-18 Unique in in its focus on eukaryotic molecular biology, this textbook provides a distillation of the essential concepts of molecular biology, supported by current examples, experimental evidence, and boxes that address related diseases, methods, and techniques. End-of-chapter analytical questions are well designed and will enable students to apply the information they learned in the chapter. A supplementary website include self-tests for students, resources for instructors, as well as figures and animations for classroom use. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling R.J. MKinlay Gardner, Grant R Sutherland, Lisa G. Shaffer, 2012 Advances in cytogenetics continue to crop up in wonderful ways, and we know exponentially more about chromosomes now than mere decades ago. Likewise, the necessary skills in offering genetic counseling continue to evolve. This new edition of Chromosome Abnormalities in Genetic Counseling offers a practical, up-to-date guide for the genetic counselor to marshal cytogenetic data and analysis clearly and effectively to families. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Molecular Anatomy of Cellular Systems I. Endo, I. Yamaguchi, T. Kudo, H. Osada, T. Shibata, 2002-08-20 In this book, the progress during the last ten years is reviewed and future plans outlined to realize and establish the concept of design in the biological sciences. Design is a leading concept as well as the principal motivation for the creation of artificial systems. A successful design generally requires that the structures and functions of the elements that constitute the system as well as the principles that determine how the elements cooperate together to create function be fully understood. These requirements have not been satisfied within the fields of biotechnology and medicine. Compared to the recent emergence of artificial systems, living organisms acquired their present day structures and functions through evolution over three to four billion years. Despite the fact that the design of living organisms is recorded in the DNA sequence, our understanding of the structures and functions of the elements that constitute living organisms is very limited. To fulfill the requirements, the following approaches were initiated under a ten-year project entitled Biodesign Research. Firstly, we tried to isolate and characterize the functional elements that constitute the organelles of various organisms. Secondly, we tried to reconstitute systems that reproduce biological functions in vitro from individual elements in order to understand how the elements cooperate together to yield a function. Thirdly, we attempted to resolve biological structures at various resolutions ranging from the atomic to the cellular level to further our knowledge about the fundamental principles that various functions at the molecular level and to design artificial systems. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Cell Cycle Regulation Philipp Kaldis, 2006-06-26 This book is a state-of-the-art summary of the latest achievements in cell cycle control research with an outlook on the effect of these findings on cancer research. The chapters are written by internationally leading experts in the field. They provide an updated view on how the cell cycle is regulated in vivo, and about the involvement of cell cycle regulators in cancer. |
| centromere simple definition biology: Cell Biology Stephen R. Bolsover, Jeremy S. Hyams, Elizabeth A. Shephard, Hugh A. White, Claudia G. Wiedemann, 2004-02-15 This text tells the story of cells as the unit of life in a colorful and student-friendly manner, taking an essentials only approach. By using the successful model of previously published Short Courses, this text succeeds in conveying the key points without overburdening readers with secondary information. The authors (all active researchers and educators) skillfully present concepts by illustrating them with clear diagrams and examples from current research. Special boxed sections focus on the importance of cell biology in medicine and industry today. This text is a completely revised, reorganized, and enhanced revision of From Genes to Cells. |
| centromere simple definition biology: The Cell Cycle David Owen Morgan, 2007 The Cell Cycle: Principles of Control provides an engaging insight into the process of cell division, bringing to the student a much-needed synthesis of a subject entering a period of unprecedented growth as an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell division are revealed. |
Chromosomes, Structure and FUNCTIONS - Tishk …
Both the chromatids of a chromosome appear to be joined together at a point known as centromere. Centromere is the landmark for identification of chromosome. Each chromosome …
Diverse mechanisms of centromere specification - Cell Press
When a cell divides, it needs to accurately distribute its chromosomes, the molecular basis of genetic heredity. The centromere plays a key function in this process. It is the chromosomal …
Principals of General Zoology (Zoo-103)
Centromeres: is a distinct between centromere and kinetochore. The centromere is the visible constriction in the chromosome that contains specific DNA sequences, whereas the …
Structure and Function of Centromeres - Springer
Centromeres are one of the primary components required for proper chromosome organization, replication, and segregation between dividing cells. They are assembled within a unique …
Organization and maintenance of centromere
Centromeres are maintained epigenetically, not genetically. The incorporation of CENP-A or Cse-4 results in unique molecular determinants including histone fold domain (HFD), essential N …
Centromere Structure And Evolution Progress In Molecular …
Centromere Structure And Evolution Progress In Molecular And Subcellular Biology: Centromere Durdica Ugarkovic,2009-06-12 The centromere is a chromosomal region that enables the …
The structure, function, and evolution of plant centromeres
We review the structure of plant centromeres, including monocen-tric, holocentric, and metapolycentric architectures, which vary in the number and distribution of kinetochore …
The Regulation of Chromosome Segregation via Centromere …
The centromere is the genetic locus responsible for kinetochore assembly and subsequent attachment to the mitotic spindle via kinetochore microtubules.
Probing Questions: What are Centromeres and Telomeres?
Centromeres and telomeres are essential components of chromosomes, playing distinct roles in their structure and function.7 In the context of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), a …
Centromere and Pericentromere Transcription: Roles and …
The chromosomal loci known as centromeres (CEN) mediate the equal distribution of the duplicated genome between both daughter cells. Specifically, centromeres recruit a protein …
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Centromere Drive
The centromere drive hypothesis (Fig. 1AC; Henikoff et al. 2001) proposes that a centro- – mere, as the locus that directs chromosome segregation, can act as a selfish element by increasing …
Inversions - Unique
What is an inversion? An inversion in a chromosome occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off, turns round 180 degrees and reinserts itself back into the same chromosome. …
What makes a centromere? - ResearchGate
Centromeres are the eukaryotic chromosomal sites at which the kinetochore forms and attaches to spindle microtubules to orchestrate chromosomal segregation in mitosis and meiosis. …
Chapter 3 The Centromere - Springer
Role of the centromere. The centromere is the primary constriction n metaphase chromosomes. It is composed of two functional domains that contain DNA and proteins that are arranged in a …
Centromere Structure and Function - bgc.ac.in
The centromere is the genetic locus that specifies the site of kinetochore assembly, where the chromosome will attach to the kinetochore microtubule. The pericentromere is the physical …
PII: S0960-9822(01)00278-0 - Cell Press
The centromere is the chromosomal site which associates with spindle microtubules and is responsible for equal division of the chromosomes to both daughter cells. Centromeres can …
Plant centromeres: structure and control - Dawe Lab
Centromeres are nucleoprotein complexes that orchestrate proper chromosome partitioning at mitosis and meiosis by controlling sister chromatid adhesion and driving chromo- some …
Plant centromeres: genetics, epigenetics and evolution
In this review, we discuss molecular constitution, epigenetics and diferent types of centromere, with emphasis on plant centromeres. We also present recent advances about evolutionary …
Centromeres: unique chromatin structures that drive …
In this Review, we describe the distinct properties that define centromeric chromatin, including associated pro-teins, epigenetics and histone variants.
426837_1_En_13_Chapter 305..336 - Springer
In eukaryotic cells, the centromere constitutes the site for sister chromatid attach-ment to the mitotic spindle and is the foundation for kinetochore assembly during meiosis and mitosis to …
Chromosomes, Structure and FUNCTIONS - Tishk …
Both the chromatids of a chromosome appear to be joined together at a point known as centromere. Centromere is the landmark for identification of chromosome. Each chromosome …
Diverse mechanisms of centromere specification - Cell Press
When a cell divides, it needs to accurately distribute its chromosomes, the molecular basis of genetic heredity. The centromere plays a key function in this process. It is the chromosomal …
Principals of General Zoology (Zoo-103)
Centromeres: is a distinct between centromere and kinetochore. The centromere is the visible constriction in the chromosome that contains specific DNA sequences, whereas the …
Structure and Function of Centromeres - Springer
Centromeres are one of the primary components required for proper chromosome organization, replication, and segregation between dividing cells. They are assembled within a unique …
Organization and maintenance of centromere
Centromeres are maintained epigenetically, not genetically. The incorporation of CENP-A or Cse-4 results in unique molecular determinants including histone fold domain (HFD), essential N …
Centromere Structure And Evolution Progress In Molecular …
Centromere Structure And Evolution Progress In Molecular And Subcellular Biology: Centromere Durdica Ugarkovic,2009-06-12 The centromere is a chromosomal region that enables the …
The structure, function, and evolution of plant centromeres
We review the structure of plant centromeres, including monocen-tric, holocentric, and metapolycentric architectures, which vary in the number and distribution of kinetochore …
The Regulation of Chromosome Segregation via Centromere …
The centromere is the genetic locus responsible for kinetochore assembly and subsequent attachment to the mitotic spindle via kinetochore microtubules.
Probing Questions: What are Centromeres and Telomeres?
Centromeres and telomeres are essential components of chromosomes, playing distinct roles in their structure and function.7 In the context of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), a …
Centromere and Pericentromere Transcription: Roles and …
The chromosomal loci known as centromeres (CEN) mediate the equal distribution of the duplicated genome between both daughter cells. Specifically, centromeres recruit a protein …
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Centromere Drive
The centromere drive hypothesis (Fig. 1AC; Henikoff et al. 2001) proposes that a centro- – mere, as the locus that directs chromosome segregation, can act as a selfish element by increasing …
Inversions - Unique
What is an inversion? An inversion in a chromosome occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off, turns round 180 degrees and reinserts itself back into the same chromosome. …
What makes a centromere? - ResearchGate
Centromeres are the eukaryotic chromosomal sites at which the kinetochore forms and attaches to spindle microtubules to orchestrate chromosomal segregation in mitosis and meiosis. …
Chapter 3 The Centromere - Springer
Role of the centromere. The centromere is the primary constriction n metaphase chromosomes. It is composed of two functional domains that contain DNA and proteins that are arranged in a …
Centromere Structure and Function - bgc.ac.in
The centromere is the genetic locus that specifies the site of kinetochore assembly, where the chromosome will attach to the kinetochore microtubule. The pericentromere is the physical …
PII: S0960-9822(01)00278-0 - Cell Press
The centromere is the chromosomal site which associates with spindle microtubules and is responsible for equal division of the chromosomes to both daughter cells. Centromeres can …
Plant centromeres: structure and control - Dawe Lab
Centromeres are nucleoprotein complexes that orchestrate proper chromosome partitioning at mitosis and meiosis by controlling sister chromatid adhesion and driving chromo- some …
Plant centromeres: genetics, epigenetics and evolution
In this review, we discuss molecular constitution, epigenetics and diferent types of centromere, with emphasis on plant centromeres. We also present recent advances about evolutionary …
Centromeres: unique chromatin structures that drive …
In this Review, we describe the distinct properties that define centromeric chromatin, including associated pro-teins, epigenetics and histone variants.
426837_1_En_13_Chapter 305..336 - Springer
In eukaryotic cells, the centromere constitutes the site for sister chromatid attach-ment to the mitotic spindle and is the foundation for kinetochore assembly during meiosis and mitosis to …
