Change Of Accounting Method



  change of accounting method: Farmer's Tax Guide , 1998
  change of accounting method: Asset Depreciation Range (ADR) System United States. Department of the Treasury, 1971
  change of accounting method: Federal Income Taxation of Inventories Leslie J. Schneider, 1979
  change of accounting method: Statement of Procedural Rules United States. Internal Revenue Service, 1985
  change of accounting method: Principles of Accounting Volume 1 - Financial Accounting Mitchell Franklin, Patty Graybeal, Dixon Cooper, 2019-04-11 The text and images in this book are in grayscale. A hardback color version is available. Search for ISBN 9781680922929. Principles of Accounting is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of a two-semester accounting course that covers the fundamentals of financial and managerial accounting. This book is specifically designed to appeal to both accounting and non-accounting majors, exposing students to the core concepts of accounting in familiar ways to build a strong foundation that can be applied across business fields. Each chapter opens with a relatable real-life scenario for today's college student. Thoughtfully designed examples are presented throughout each chapter, allowing students to build on emerging accounting knowledge. Concepts are further reinforced through applicable connections to more detailed business processes. Students are immersed in the why as well as the how aspects of accounting in order to reinforce concepts and promote comprehension over rote memorization.
  change of accounting method: Self-employment Tax , 1988
  change of accounting method: Implementing Accrual Accounting in the Public Sector Ms.Suzanne Flynn, Delphine Moretti, Joe Cavanagh, 2016-08-05 This technical note and manual (TNM) explains what accrual accounting means for the public sector and discusses current trends in moving from cash to accrual accounting. It outlines factors governments should consider in preparing for the move and sequencing of the transition. The note recognizes that governments considering accounting reforms will have different starting points across the public sector, different objectives, and varying coverage of the existing financial statements, it therefore recommends that governments consider each of these, and the materiality of stocks, flows and entities outside of government accounts when planning reforms and design the sequencing and stages involved accordingly. Building on international experiences, the note proposes four possible phases for progressively increasing the financial operations reported in the balance sheet and operating statement, with the ultimate aim of including all institutional units under the effective control of government in fiscal reports.
  change of accounting method: Profit First Mike Michalowicz, 2017-02-21 Author of cult classics The Pumpkin Plan and The Toilet Paper Entrepreneur offers a simple, counterintuitive cash management solution that will help small businesses break out of the doom spiral and achieve instant profitability. Conventional accounting uses the logical (albeit, flawed) formula: Sales - Expenses = Profit. The problem is, businesses are run by humans, and humans aren't always logical. Serial entrepreneur Mike Michalowicz has developed a behavioral approach to accounting to flip the formula: Sales - Profit = Expenses. Just as the most effective weight loss strategy is to limit portions by using smaller plates, Michalowicz shows that by taking profit first and apportioning only what remains for expenses, entrepreneurs will transform their businesses from cash-eating monsters to profitable cash cows. Using Michalowicz's Profit First system, readers will learn that: · Following 4 simple principles can simplify accounting and make it easier to manage a profitable business by looking at bank account balances. · A small, profitable business can be worth much more than a large business surviving on its top line. · Businesses that attain early and sustained profitability have a better shot at achieving long-term growth. With dozens of case studies, practical, step-by-step advice, and his signature sense of humor, Michalowicz has the game-changing roadmap for any entrepreneur to make money they always dreamed of.
  change of accounting method: 1040 Quickfinder Handbook Practitioners Publishing Co. Staff, 2005-12-01 Contains extensive coverage of the tax issues faced by all types of contractors, including large and small contractors, homebuilders, and other specialty trades, provides you with the clear, concise guidance you need to expertly address your tax issues.
  change of accounting method: Accounting for Inventory and Related Property United States. Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board, 1993
  change of accounting method: Model Rules of Professional Conduct American Bar Association. House of Delegates, Center for Professional Responsibility (American Bar Association), 2007 The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
  change of accounting method: Accounting Workbook For Dummies John A. Tracy, 2011-08-08 Balance the books, learn important accounting concepts, and master the basics Accounting Workbook For Dummies is for business bookkeepers and accountants, who need a refresher on the subject, as well as students taking their first accounting class. It’s a comprehensive study guide that can help you improve your accounting skills and lay the foundation for further advancement. Whether you’re trying to get certified and become an accountant, or own a small business and need a little help balancing your books, this hands-on guide provides the learning and helpful practice you need. The third edition of Accounting For Dummies contains guidance on incorporating principles to adhere to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reading financial reports, generating income statements and balance sheets, and establishing budgets. Accounting Workbook For Dummies provides you with real-world exercises to see these principals in action, although you don’t need to have read Accounting For Dummies. Accounting Workbook For Dummies focuses on business accounting, explains how business transactions are recorded in the accounts of a business and the financial statements that are prepared for a business to report its profit and loss, financial condition, and cash flows. It also shows you how business managers use accounting information for decision making. The book’s four parts cover topics like recordkeeping basics, financial statements, accounting for business managers, and investment accounting. You’ll learn to: Record transactions, track costs, and manage accounts Open and close bookkeeping cycles Analyze business performance and profit Choose the right accounting method Master investment accounting fundamentals Understand manufacturing cost accounting With your own copy of Accounting Workbook For Dummies, you can learn how to do all of that, find out what you need to know about financial statements, get tips for management accounting, and more.
  change of accounting method: Drawdown Paul Hawken, 2017-04-18 • New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world.
  change of accounting method: Ask a Manager Alison Green, 2018-05-01 From the creator of the popular website Ask a Manager and New York’s work-advice columnist comes a witty, practical guide to 200 difficult professional conversations—featuring all-new advice! There’s a reason Alison Green has been called “the Dear Abby of the work world.” Ten years as a workplace-advice columnist have taught her that people avoid awkward conversations in the office because they simply don’t know what to say. Thankfully, Green does—and in this incredibly helpful book, she tackles the tough discussions you may need to have during your career. You’ll learn what to say when • coworkers push their work on you—then take credit for it • you accidentally trash-talk someone in an email then hit “reply all” • you’re being micromanaged—or not being managed at all • you catch a colleague in a lie • your boss seems unhappy with your work • your cubemate’s loud speakerphone is making you homicidal • you got drunk at the holiday party Praise for Ask a Manager “A must-read for anyone who works . . . [Alison Green’s] advice boils down to the idea that you should be professional (even when others are not) and that communicating in a straightforward manner with candor and kindness will get you far, no matter where you work.”—Booklist (starred review) “The author’s friendly, warm, no-nonsense writing is a pleasure to read, and her advice can be widely applied to relationships in all areas of readers’ lives. Ideal for anyone new to the job market or new to management, or anyone hoping to improve their work experience.”—Library Journal (starred review) “I am a huge fan of Alison Green’s Ask a Manager column. This book is even better. It teaches us how to deal with many of the most vexing big and little problems in our workplaces—and to do so with grace, confidence, and a sense of humor.”—Robert Sutton, Stanford professor and author of The No Asshole Rule and The Asshole Survival Guide “Ask a Manager is the ultimate playbook for navigating the traditional workforce in a diplomatic but firm way.”—Erin Lowry, author of Broke Millennial: Stop Scraping By and Get Your Financial Life Together
  change of accounting method: The Routledge Companion to Auditing David Hay, W. Robert Knechel, Marleen Willekens, 2014-09-15 Auditing has been a subject of some controversy, and there have been repeated attempts at reforming its practice globally. This comprehensive companion surveys the state of the discipline, including emerging and cutting-edge trends. It covers the most important and controversial issues, including auditing ethics, auditor independence, social and environmental accounting as well as the future of the field. This handbook is vital reading for legislators, regulators, professionals, commentators, students and researchers involved with auditing and accounting. The collection will also prove an ideal starting place for researchers from other fields looking to break into this vital subject.
  change of accounting method: Changes in Inventories in the National Accounts Mr.Segismundo Fassler, Mr.Manik L. Shrestha, 2003-06-01 The principles underlying the recording of changes in inventories are explained in the System of National Accounts, 1993 (1993 SNA), but operational guidelines on their measurement are lacking. This paper elaborates specific statistical techniques and their underlying assumptions for calculating changes in inventories and holding gains when only data on stocks of inventories are available. Several data situations are considered. The authors propose methods for measuring changes in inventories that meet the 1993 SNA principles. The paper also explores possibilities for implementing the proposed improvements and explains the interpretation of data on changes in inventories.
  change of accounting method: Farmer's Tax Guide - Publication 225 (For Use in Preparing 2020 Returns) Internal Revenue Service, 2021-03-04 vate, operate, or manage a farm for profit, either as owner or tenant. A farm includes livestock, dairy, poultry, fish, fruit, and truck farms. It also includes plantations, ranches, ranges, and orchards and groves. This publication explains how the federal tax laws apply to farming. Use this publication as a guide to figure your taxes and complete your farm tax return. If you need more information on a subject, get the specific IRS tax publication covering that subject. We refer to many of these free publications throughout this publication. See chapter 16 for information on ordering these publications. The explanations and examples in this publication reflect the Internal Revenue Service's interpretation of tax laws enacted by Congress, Treasury regulations, and court decisions. However, the information given does not cover every situation and is not intended to replace the law or change its meaning. This publication covers subjects on which a court may have rendered a decision more favorable to taxpayers than the interpretation by the IRS. Until these differing interpretations are resolved by higher court decisions, or in some other way, this publication will continue to present the interpretation by the IRS.
  change of accounting method: The Greenhouse Gas Protocol , 2004 The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
  change of accounting method: A History of Federal Tax Depreciation Policy David W. Brazell, Lowell Dworin, Michael Walsh, 1989
  change of accounting method: The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers Baruch Lev, Feng Gu, 2016-06-14 An innovative new valuation framework with truly useful economic indicators The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers shows how the ubiquitous financial reports have become useless in capital market decisions and lays out an actionable alternative. Based on a comprehensive, large-sample empirical analysis, this book reports financial documents' continuous deterioration in relevance to investors' decisions. An enlightening discussion details the reasons why accounting is losing relevance in today's market, backed by numerous examples with real-world impact. Beyond simply identifying the problem, this report offers a solution—the Value Creation Report—and demonstrates its utility in key industries. New indicators focus on strategy and execution to identify and evaluate a company's true value-creating resources for a more up-to-date approach to critical investment decision-making. While entire industries have come to rely on financial reports for vital information, these documents are flawed and insufficient when it comes to the way investors and lenders work in the current economic climate. This book demonstrates an alternative, giving you a new framework for more informed decision making. Discover a new, comprehensive system of economic indicators Focus on strategic, value-creating resources in company valuation Learn how traditional financial documents are quickly losing their utility Find a path forward with actionable, up-to-date information Major corporate decisions, such as restructuring and M&A, are predicated on financial indicators of profitability and asset/liabilities values. These documents move mountains, so what happens if they're based on faulty indicators that fail to show the true value of the company? The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers shows you the reality and offers a new blueprint for more accurate valuation.
  change of accounting method: Tax Accounting A.J. Bakker, Tjeerd van den Berg, 2020
  change of accounting method: Tax Law Design and Drafting, Volume 1 Mr.Victor Thuronyi, 1996-08-23 Edited by Victor Thuronyi, this book offers an introduction to a broad range of issues in comparative tax law and is based on comparative discussion of the tax laws of developed countries. It presents practical models and guidelines for drafting tax legislation that can be used by officials of developing and transition countries. Volume I covers general issues, some special topics, and major taxes other than income tax.
  change of accounting method: Running QuickBooks in Nonprofits Kathy Ivens, 2005-12 Providing information on using QuickBooks to track financial data in nonprofit organizations, this book covers all versions of QuickBooks. Management of donors, grants, and pledges, and topics such as allocating expenses to programs, handling donor restrictions, and generating the reports needed for donors and tax returns are covered in detail. In addition to easy-to-follow instructions and tons of tips and workarounds, information on using QuickBooks for fundraising is provided.
  change of accounting method: Circular A, Agricultural Employer's Tax Guide , 1995
  change of accounting method: Financial Accounting for Local and State School Systems , 1981
  change of accounting method: International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF). , 2013
  change of accounting method: Accounting Periods and Methods , 1988
  change of accounting method: Fair Value Measurements International Accounting Standards Board, 2006
  change of accounting method: Accountants' Guidebook Steven M. Bragg, 2017-03-26 The accountant is responsible for many activities, which may require years of training and experience to fully comprehend. The Accountants' Guidebook provides a practical knowledge of how to complete many accounting tasks, while also imparting an understanding of the more critical accounting standards. The book is intended to accelerate the learning curve of the professional accountant. Topics covered include accounting procedures, GAAP for common transactions, closing the books, producing financial statements and other reports, collection tactics, payroll management, budgeting, and much more.
  change of accounting method: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Julian P. T. Higgins, Sally Green, 2008-11-24 Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.
  change of accounting method: RIA Federal Tax Handbook , 2001
  change of accounting method: The Balanced Scorecard Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton, 2005
  change of accounting method: Accounting Periods and Methods United States. Internal Revenue Service, 1990
  change of accounting method: PPC's Guide to Construction Contractors Practitioners Publishing Co. Staff, 2004-07
  change of accounting method: Income Taxation George G. Bauernfeind, 1983
  change of accounting method: Accounting Periods and Methods , 1989
  change of accounting method: Tax Accounting in Mergers and Acquisitions (2009) Glenn R. Carrington, 2008
  change of accounting method: Accounting Periods and Methods United States. Internal Revenue Service, 1979
  change of accounting method: Internal Revenue Bulletin United States. Internal Revenue Service, 2004-03-15
  change of accounting method: Internal Revenue Cumulative Bulletin United States. Internal Revenue Service, 2004
FTB NOTICE - 2024 – 01, Requests Involving Changes in …
Federal Form 1128, Application to Adopt, Change, or Retain a Tax Year, is used to request a change in the taxpayer’s tax year. To request a change in a method of accounting, federal …

State Tax Implications of Accounting Method Changes
Why File an Accounting Method Change? It is necessary to file for an accounting method change with the IRS to obtain federal audit protection from an IRS challenge to the method, thus …

Tax accounting method considerations in M&A transactions
regulations and other guidance on accounting method issues, including the definition of a method of accounting, procedures for changing methods, inventories, the uniform capitalization rules, …

Rev. Proc. 2025-8: Expanded waiver of eligibility rules to …
Expands the waiver of the eligibility rules in Rev. Proc. 2015-13 to accounting method changes to comply with section 174 or to rely on interim guidance provided in sections 3 through 7 of …

Financial Reporting Developments: Accounting changes and …
May 2, 2024 · An accounting change can be a change in an accounting principle, an accounting estimate, or the reporting entity. Guidance for each of these types of changes is presented in …

Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. December 2022) - Internal …
File Form 3115 to request a change in either an overall accounting method or the accounting treatment of any item. Method Change Procedures When filing Form 3115, you must determine …

Rev. Proc. 2024-23: Updated annual list of automatic …
Rev. Proc. 2024-23 is effective immediately for Forms 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method, filed on or after April 30, 2024, for a year of change ending on or after September 30, …

What to Consider When Making an Accounting Change - tx.cpa
either mandatory or voluntary accounting changes. Readers will be able to plan for GAAP requirements and consider the flexibility available . make some choices to adjust to new …

KPMG report: Guidance on accounting method change for …
For taxpayers that fall within the scope of, and make all adjustments in accordance with, Rev. Proc. 2019-34 are not required to file Form 3115 in order to make a change in method of …

26 CFR 601.204: Changes in accounting periods and in …
.17 Small business taxpayer changing the overall method of accounting to the cash method, or to a method of accounting in which a small business taxpayer uses an accrual method for …

Statutory Issue Paper No. 3 Accounting Changes
The purpose of this issue paper is to codify statutory guidance and to expand disclosure requirements for changes in accounting, which include changes in accounting principle, …

IRS Removal of Automatic Accounting Methods Sure to …
common accounting method changes from the list of automatic ones: changes to certain cost capitalization methods for inventory or self-constructed property, and certain changes to the …

Changes in accounting period and in methods of accounting
Revenue (Commissioner) to change methods of accounting for expenditures paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021, in reliance on interim guidance under §§ 174 …

Tax Accounting Methods in 2020: Changes and Developments …
EXAMPLE – CHANGE FROM ACCRUAL TO CASH METHOD OF ACCOUNTING. ABC, Inc., an accrual basis taxpayer, is in the business of storage and distribution. The Company does not …

Rev. Proc. 2018-29: Automatic consent, method of accounting …
The IRS today released an advance version of Rev. Proc. 2018-29 that provides new procedures for taxpayers changing their method of accounting for the recognition of income for federal …

Form 3115 Application for Change in Accounting Method
To be eligible for approval of the requested change in method of accounting, the taxpayer must provide all information that is relevant to the taxpayer or to the taxpayer’s requested change in …

LB&I Process Unit - Internal Revenue Service
To change its method of accounting from a 15- year recovery period to a 5- year recovery period, the taxpayer must follow the voluntary method change procedures and file a Form 3115 with a …

Announcement 2023-12: Revised Form 3115 for applications …
The IRS today informed taxpayers and practitioners that it has revised Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method, and its instructions.

Rev. Proc. 2023-8 - Internal Revenue Service
taxpayer's change in method of accounting the taxpayer generally must file an application on Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method , with the Commissioner during the …

Form 3115 Application for Change in Accounting Method
To be eligible for approval of the requested change in method of accounting, the taxpayer must provide all information that is relevant to the taxpayer or to the taxpayer’s requested change in …

FTB NOTICE - 2024 – 01, Requests Involving Changes in …
Federal Form 1128, Application to Adopt, Change, or Retain a Tax Year, is used to request a change in the taxpayer’s tax year. To request a change in a method of accounting, federal …

State Tax Implications of Accounting Method Changes
Why File an Accounting Method Change? It is necessary to file for an accounting method change with the IRS to obtain federal audit protection from an IRS challenge to the method, thus …

Tax accounting method considerations in M&A transactions
regulations and other guidance on accounting method issues, including the definition of a method of accounting, procedures for changing methods, inventories, the uniform capitalization rules, …

Rev. Proc. 2025-8: Expanded waiver of eligibility rules to …
Expands the waiver of the eligibility rules in Rev. Proc. 2015-13 to accounting method changes to comply with section 174 or to rely on interim guidance provided in sections 3 through 7 of …

Financial Reporting Developments: Accounting changes and …
May 2, 2024 · An accounting change can be a change in an accounting principle, an accounting estimate, or the reporting entity. Guidance for each of these types of changes is presented in …

Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. December 2022) - Internal …
File Form 3115 to request a change in either an overall accounting method or the accounting treatment of any item. Method Change Procedures When filing Form 3115, you must …

Rev. Proc. 2024-23: Updated annual list of automatic …
Rev. Proc. 2024-23 is effective immediately for Forms 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method, filed on or after April 30, 2024, for a year of change ending on or after September 30, …

What to Consider When Making an Accounting Change
either mandatory or voluntary accounting changes. Readers will be able to plan for GAAP requirements and consider the flexibility available . make some choices to adjust to new …

KPMG report: Guidance on accounting method change for …
For taxpayers that fall within the scope of, and make all adjustments in accordance with, Rev. Proc. 2019-34 are not required to file Form 3115 in order to make a change in method of …

26 CFR 601.204: Changes in accounting periods and in …
.17 Small business taxpayer changing the overall method of accounting to the cash method, or to a method of accounting in which a small business taxpayer uses an accrual method for …

Statutory Issue Paper No. 3 Accounting Changes
The purpose of this issue paper is to codify statutory guidance and to expand disclosure requirements for changes in accounting, which include changes in accounting principle, …

IRS Removal of Automatic Accounting Methods Sure to …
common accounting method changes from the list of automatic ones: changes to certain cost capitalization methods for inventory or self-constructed property, and certain changes to the …

Changes in accounting period and in methods of accounting
Revenue (Commissioner) to change methods of accounting for expenditures paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021, in reliance on interim guidance under §§ …

Tax Accounting Methods in 2020: Changes and …
EXAMPLE – CHANGE FROM ACCRUAL TO CASH METHOD OF ACCOUNTING. ABC, Inc., an accrual basis taxpayer, is in the business of storage and distribution. The Company does not …

Rev. Proc. 2018-29: Automatic consent, method of …
The IRS today released an advance version of Rev. Proc. 2018-29 that provides new procedures for taxpayers changing their method of accounting for the recognition of income for federal …

Form 3115 Application for Change in Accounting Method
To be eligible for approval of the requested change in method of accounting, the taxpayer must provide all information that is relevant to the taxpayer or to the taxpayer’s requested change in …

LB&I Process Unit - Internal Revenue Service
To change its method of accounting from a 15- year recovery period to a 5- year recovery period, the taxpayer must follow the voluntary method change procedures and file a Form 3115 with a …

Announcement 2023-12: Revised Form 3115 for applications …
The IRS today informed taxpayers and practitioners that it has revised Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method, and its instructions.

Rev. Proc. 2023-8 - Internal Revenue Service
taxpayer's change in method of accounting the taxpayer generally must file an application on Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method , with the Commissioner during the …