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| change blindness psychology definition: Inattentional Blindness Arien Mack, Irvin Rock, 1998 Arien Mack and Irvin Rock make the radical claim that there is no conscious perception of the visual world without attention to it. Many people believe that merely by opening their eyes, they see everything in their field of view; in fact, a line of psychological research has been taken as evidence of the existence of so-called preattentional perception. In Inattentional Blindness, Arien Mack and Irvin Rock make the radical claim that there is no such thing -- that there is no conscious perception of the visual world without attention to it. The authors present a narrative chronicle of their research. Thus, the reader follows the trail that led to the final conclusions, learning why initial hypotheses and explanations were discarded or revised, and how new questions arose along the way. The phenomenon of inattentional blindness has theoretical importance for cognitive psychologists studying perception, attention, and consciousness, as well as for philosophers and neuroscientists interested in the problem of consciousness. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Invisible Gorilla Christopher Chabris, Daniel Simons, 2011-06-07 Reading this book will make you less sure of yourself—and that’s a good thing. In The Invisible Gorilla, Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons, creators of one of psychology’s most famous experiments, use remarkable stories and counterintuitive scientific findings to demonstrate an important truth: Our minds don’t work the way we think they do. We think we see ourselves and the world as they really are, but we’re actually missing a whole lot. Chabris and Simons combine the work of other researchers with their own findings on attention, perception, memory, and reasoning to reveal how faulty intuitions often get us into trouble. In the process, they explain: • Why a company would spend billions to launch a product that its own analysts know will fail • How a police officer could run right past a brutal assault without seeing it • Why award-winning movies are full of editing mistakes • What criminals have in common with chess masters • Why measles and other childhood diseases are making a comeback • Why money managers could learn a lot from weather forecasters Again and again, we think we experience and understand the world as it is, but our thoughts are beset by everyday illusions. We write traffic laws and build criminal cases on the assumption that people will notice when something unusual happens right in front of them. We’re sure we know where we were on 9/11, falsely believing that vivid memories are seared into our minds with perfect fidelity. And as a society, we spend billions on devices to train our brains because we’re continually tempted by the lure of quick fixes and effortless self-improvement. The Invisible Gorilla reveals the myriad ways that our intuitions can deceive us, but it’s much more than a catalog of human failings. Chabris and Simons explain why we succumb to these everyday illusions and what we can do to inoculate ourselves against their effects. Ultimately, the book provides a kind of x-ray vision into our own minds, making it possible to pierce the veil of illusions that clouds our thoughts and to think clearly for perhaps the first time. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science Henri Cohen, Claire Lefebvre, 2017-06-03 Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science, Second Edition presents the study of categories and the process of categorization as viewed through the lens of the founding disciplines of the cognitive sciences, and how the study of categorization has long been at the core of each of these disciplines. The literature on categorization reveals there is a plethora of definitions, theories, models and methods to apprehend this central object of study. The contributions in this handbook reflect this diversity. For example, the notion of category is not uniform across these contributions, and there are multiple definitions of the notion of concept. Furthermore, the study of category and categorization is approached differently within each discipline. For some authors, the categories themselves constitute the object of study, whereas for others, it is the process of categorization, and for others still, it is the technical manipulation of large chunks of information. Finally, yet another contrast has to do with the biological versus artificial nature of agents or categorizers. - Defines notions of category and categorization - Discusses the nature of categories: discrete, vague, or other - Explores the modality effects on categories - Bridges the category divide - calling attention to the bridges that have already been built, and avenues for further cross-fertilization between disciplines |
| change blindness psychology definition: Willful Blindness Margaret Heffernan, 2011-03-01 “With deft prose and page after page of keen insights, Heffernan shows why we close our eyes to facts that threaten our families, our livelihood, and our self-image--and, even better, she points the way out of the darkness.” --Daniel H. Pink In the tradition of Malcolm Gladwell and Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Margaret Heffernan's Willful Blindness is a tour de force on human behavior that will open your eyes. Why, after every major accident and blunder, do we look back and say, How could we have been so blind? Why do some people see what others don't? And how can we change? Drawing on studies by psychologists and neuroscientists, and from interviews with business leaders, whistleblowers, and white collar criminals, distinguished businesswoman and writer Margaret Heffernan examines the phenomenon of willful blindness, exploring the reasons that individuals and groups are blind to impending personal tragedies, corporate collapses, engineering failures-even crimes against humanity. We turn a blind eye in order to feel safe, to avoid conflict, to reduce anxiety, and to protect prestige. But greater understanding leads to solutions, and Heffernan shows how-by challenging our biases, encouraging debate, discouraging conformity, and not backing away from difficult or complicated problems-we can be more mindful of what's going on around us and be proactive instead of reactive. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Performance Psychology Markus Raab, Babett Lobinger, Sven Hoffmann, Alexandra Pizzera, Sylvain Laborde, 2015-09-24 This book integrates findings from across domains in performance psychology to focus on core research on what influences peak and non-peak performance. The book explores basic and applied research identifying cognition-action interactions, perception-cognition interactions, emotion-cognition interactions, and perception-action interactions. The book explores performance in sports, music, and the arts both for individuals and teams/groups, looking at the influence of cognition, perception, personality, motivation and drive, attention, stress, coaching, and age. This comprehensive work includes contributions from the US, UK, Canada, Germany, and Australia. - Integrates research findings found across domains in performance psychology - Includes research from sports, music, the arts, and other applied settings - Identifies conflicts between cognition, action, perception, and emotion - Explores influences on both individual and group/team performance - Investigates what impacts peak performance and error production |
| change blindness psychology definition: Gorillas in Our Midst Christopher Chabris, Daniel Simons, 2019-06 Catalogue to accompany the exhibition Gorillas in Our Midst, at Mona (Museum of Old and New Art), 2019 |
| change blindness psychology definition: Fleeting Memories Veronika Coltheart, 1999 The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidlypresented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book, prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidly presented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. Specific issues include RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation), attentional blink, repetition blindness, and scene perception. The contributors review recent research on our ability to comprehend and remember pictures of objects and scenes, written words, and sentences when the visual stimuli are presented sequentially at rates of up to ten items per second. In short, the book is about our remarkably developed abilities to understand and remember the contents of very briefly presented material.ContributorsDaphne Bavelier, Veronika Coltheart, Helene Intraub, Nancy Kanwisher, Steven J. Luck, Nadine Martin, Mary C. Potter, Eleanor M. Saffran, Kimron L. Shapiro, Ewa Wojciulik, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Carol Yin |
| change blindness psychology definition: Attentional Capture Bradley S. Gibson, Charles Folk, Jan Theeuwes, 2008 The notion that certain mental or physical events can capture attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention owing to the importance of understanding how goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact in perception and cognition. Despite the clear theoretical and applied importance of attentional capture, a broad survey of this field suggests that the term capture means different things to different people. In some cases, it refers to covert shifts of spatial attention, in others involuntary saccades, and in still others general disruption of processing by irrelevant stimuli. The properties that elicit capture can also range from abruptly onset or moving lights, to discontinuities in textures, to unexpected tones, to emotionally valenced words or pictures, to directional signs and symbols. Attentional capture has been explored in both the spatial and temporal domains as well as the visual and auditory modalities. There are also a number of different theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying capture (both functional and neurophysiological) and the level of cognitive control over capture. This special issue provides a sampling of the diversity of approaches, domains, and theoretical perspectives that currently exist in the study of attentional capture. Together, these contributions should help evaluate the degree to which attentional capture represents a unitary construct that reflects fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of the mind. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Consciousness Susan Blackmore, 2017 Some of our most burning questions surround consciousness: What creates our identity? Do we really have free will? Is consciousness itself an illusion? The rapid rate of developments in brain science continues to open up debate on these issues. This book clarifies the complex arguments and illuminates the major theories on consciousness. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Cognitive Psychology Michael W. Eysenck, Mark T. Keane, 2000 This is a thorough revision and updating of the extremely successful third edition. As in previous editions, the following three perspectives are considered in depth: experimental cognitive psychology; cognitive science, with its focus on cognitive modelling; and cognitive neuropsychology with its focus on cognition following brain damage. In addition, and new to this edition, is detailed discussion of the cognitive neuroscience perspective, which uses advanced brain-scanning techniques to clarify the functioning of the human brain. There is detailed coverage of the dynamic impact of these four perspectives on the main areas of cognitive psychology, including perception, attention, memory, knowledge representation, categorisation, language, problem-solving, reasoning, and judgement. The aim is to provide comprehensive coverage that is up-to-date, authoritative, and accessible. All existing chapters have been extensively revised and re-organised. Some of the topics receiving much greater coverage in this edition are: brain structures in perception, visual attention, implicit learning, brain structures in memory, prospective memory, exemplar theories of categorisation, language comprehension, connectionist models in perception, neuroscience studies of thinking, judgement, and decision making. Cognitive Psychology: A Students Handbookwill be essential reading for undergraduate students of psychology. It will also be of interest to students taking related courses in computer science, education, linguistics, physiology, and medicine. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Public Health Approaches to Reduce Vision Impairment and Promote Eye Health, 2017-01-15 The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Introduction to Psychology Jennifer Walinga, Charles Stangor, This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Attention Addie Johnson, Robert W. Proctor, 2004 Attention: Theory and Practice provides a balance between a readable overview of attention and an emphasis on how theories and paradigms for the study of attention have developed. The book highlights the important issues and major findings while giving sufficient details of experimental studies, models, and theories so that results and conclusions are easy to follow and evaluate. Rather than brushing over tricky technical details, the authors explain them clearly, giving readers the benefit of understanding the motivation for and techniques of the experiments in order to allow readers to think through results, models, and theories for themselves. Attention is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, as well as an important resource for researchers and practitioners interested in gaining an overview of the field of attention. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Oxford Handbook of Memory Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, 2005-05-05 The strengths and weaknesses of human memory have fascinated people for hundreds of years, so it is not surprising that memory research has remained one of the most flourishing areas in science. During the last decade, however, a genuine science of memory has emerged, resulting in research and theories that are rich, complex, and far reaching in their implications. Endel Tulving and Fergus Craik, both leaders in memory research, have created this highly accessible guide to their field. In each chapter, eminent researchers provide insights into their particular areas of expertise in memory research. Together, the chapters in this handbook lay out the theories and presents the evidence on which they are based, highlights the important new discoveries, and defines their consequences for professionals and students in psychology, neuroscience, clinical medicine, law, and engineering. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Neurobiology of Attention Laurent Itti, Geraint Rees, John K. Tsotsos, 2005-03-31 A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.* Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study |
| change blindness psychology definition: Practical Human Factors for Pilots Capt. David Moriarty, 2014-12-30 Practical Human Factors for Pilots bridges the divide between human factors research and one of the key industries that this research is meant to benefit—civil aviation. Human factors are now recognized as being at the core of aviation safety and the training syllabus that flight crew trainees have to follow reflects that. This book will help student pilots pass exams in human performance and limitations, successfully undergo multi-crew cooperation training and crew resource management (CRM) training, and prepare them for assessment in non-technical skills during operator and license proficiency checks in the simulator, and during line checks when operating flights. Each chapter begins with an explanation of the relevant science behind that particular subject, along with mini-case studies that demonstrate its relevance to commercial flight operations. Of particular focus are practical tools and techniques that students can learn in order to improve their performance as well as training tips for the instructor. - Provides practical, evidence-based guidance on issues often at the root of aircraft accidents - Uses international regulatory material - Includes concepts and theories that have practical relevance to flight operations - Covers relevant topics in a step-by-step manner, describing how they apply to flight operations - Demonstrates how human decision-making has been implicated in air accidents and equips the reader with tools to mitigate these risks - Gives instructors a reliable knowledge base on which to design and deliver effective training - Summarizes the current state of human factors, training, and assessment |
| change blindness psychology definition: Perceptual Organization Michael Kubovy, James R. Pomerantz, 2017-03-31 Originally published in 1981, perceptual organization had been synonymous with Gestalt psychology, and Gestalt psychology had fallen into disrepute. In the heyday of Behaviorism, the few cognitive psychologists of the time pursued Gestalt phenomena. But in 1981, Cognitive Psychology was married to Information Processing. (Some would say that it was a marriage of convenience.) After the wedding, Cognitive Psychology had come to look like a theoretically wrinkled Behaviorism; very few of the mainstream topics of Cognitive Psychology made explicit contact with Gestalt phenomena. In the background, Cognition's first love – Gestalt – was pining to regain favor. The cognitive psychologists' desire for a phenomenological and intellectual interaction with Gestalt psychology did not manifest itself in their publications, but it did surface often enough at the Psychonomic Society meeting in 1976 for them to remark upon it in one of their conversations. This book, then, is the product of the editors’ curiosity about the status of ideas at the time, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists. For two days in November 1977, they held an exhilarating symposium that was attended by some 20 people, not all of whom are represented in this volume. At the end of our symposium it was agreed that they would try, in contributions to this volume, to convey the speculative and metatheoretical ground of their research in addition to the solid data and carefully wrought theories that are the figure of their research. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Blind Vision Zaira Cattaneo, Tomaso Vecchi, 2023-12-05 An investigation of the effects of blindness and other types of visual deficit on cognitive abilities. Can a blind person see? The very idea seems paradoxical. And yet, if we conceive of seeing as the ability to generate internal mental representations that may contain visual details, the idea of blind vision becomes a concept subject to investigation. In this book, Zaira Cattaneo and Tomaso Vecchi examine the effects of blindness and other types of visual deficit on the development and functioning of the human cognitive system. Drawing on behavioral and neurophysiological data, Cattaneo and Vecchi analyze research on mental imagery, spatial cognition, and compensatory mechanisms at the sensorial, cognitive, and cortical levels in individuals with complete or profound visual impairment. They find that our brain does not need our eyes to see. Cattaneo and Vecchi address critical questions of broad importance: the relationship of visual perception to imagery and working memory and the extent to which mental imagery depends on normal vision; the functional and neural relationships between vision and the other senses; the specific aspects of the visual experience that are crucial to cognitive development or specific cognitive mechanisms; and the extraordinary plasticity of the brain—as illustrated by the way that, in the blind, the visual cortex may be reorganized to support other perceptual or cognitive funtions. In the absence of vision, the other senses work as functional substitutes and are often improved. With Blind Vision, Cattaneo and Vecchi take on the tyranny of the visual, pointing to the importance of the other senses in cognition. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Consciousness Lost and Found Lawrence Weiskrantz, 1999-06-03 The phenomenon of `consciousness' is intrinsically related to one's awareness of one's self, of time, and of the physical world. What, then, can be learned about consciousness from people who have suffered brain damage such as amnesia which affects their awareness? This is the question explored by Lawrence Weiskrantz, a distinguished neuropsychologist who has worked with such patients over 30 years. Written in an engaging and accessible style, Consciousness Lost and Found provides a unique perspective on one of the most challenging issues in science today. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Forty Studies that Changed Psychology Roger R. Hock, 2005 1. Biology and Human Behavior. One Brain or Two, Gazzaniga, M.S. (1967). The split brain in man. More Experience = Bigger Brain? Rosenzweig, M.R., Bennett, E.L. & Diamond M.C. (1972). Brain changes in response to experience. Are You a Natural? Bouchard, T., Lykken, D., McGue, M., Segal N., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological difference: The Minnesota study of twins raised apart. Watch Out for the Visual Cliff! Gibson, E.J., & Walk, R.D. (1960). The visual cliff. 2. Perception and Consciousness. What You See Is What You've Learned. Turnbull C.M. (1961). Some observations regarding the experience and behavior of the BaMuti Pygmies. To Sleep, No Doubt to Dream... Aserinsky, E. & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Dement W. (1960). The effect of dream deprivation. Unromancing the Dream... Hobson, J.A. & McCarley, R.W. (1977). The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. Acting as if You Are Hypnotized Spanos, N.P. (1982). Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social, psychological perspective. 3. Learning and Conditioning. It's Not Just about Salivating Dogs! Pavlov, I.P.(1927). Conditioned reflexes. Little Emotional Albert. Watson J.B. & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Knock Wood. Skinner, B.F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. See Aggression...Do Aggression! Bandura, A., Ross, D. & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. 4. Intelligence, Cognition, and Memory. What You Expect Is What You Get. Rosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L. (1966). Teacher's expectancies: Determinates of pupils' IQ gains. Just How are You Intelligent? H. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Maps in Your Mind. Tolman, E.C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Thanks for the Memories. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. 5. Human Development. Discovering Love. Harlow, H.F.(1958). The nature of love. Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind. Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child: The development of object concept. How Moral are You? Kohlberg, L.., (1963). The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. In Control and Glad of It! Langer, E.J. & Rodin, J. (1976). The effects of choice and enhanced responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. 6. Emotion and Motivation. A Sexual Motivation... Masters, W.H. & Johnson, V.E. (1966). Human sexual response. I Can See It All Over Your Face! Ekman, P. & Friesen, V.W. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Life, Change, and Stress. Holmes, T.H. & Rahe, R.H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Thoughts Out of Tune. Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J.M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. 7. Personality. Are You the Master of Your Fate? Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Masculine or Feminine or Both? Bem, S.L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Racing Against Your Heart. Friedman, M. & Rosenman, R.H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. The One; The Many..., Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M. & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. 8. Psychopathology. Who's Crazy Here, Anyway? Rosenhan, D.L. (1973). On Being sane in insane places. Learning to Be Depressed. Seligman, M.E.P., & Maier, S.F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. You're Getting Defensive Again! Freud, A. (1946). The ego and mechanisms of defense. Crowding into the Behavioral Sink. Calhoun, J.B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. 9. Psychotherapy. Choosing Your Psychotherapist. Smith, M.L. & Glass, G.V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. Relaxing Your Fears Away. Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization of neuroses. Projections of Who You Are. Rorschach, H. (1942). Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. Picture This! Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. 10. Social Psychology. Not Practicing What You Preach. LaPiere, R.T. (1934). Attitudes and actions. The Power of Conformity. Asch, S.E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. To Help or Not to Help. Darley, J.M. & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Obey at Any Cost. Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Psychology of Attention Harold Pashler, 1999-07-26 In the past two decades, attention has been one of the most investigated areas of research in perception and cognition. However, the literature on the field contains a bewildering array of findings, and empirical progress has not been matched by consensus on major theoretical issues. The Psychology of Attention presents a systematic review of the main lines of research on attention; the topics range from perception of threshold stimuli to memory storage and decision making. The book develops empirical generalizations about the major issues and suggests possible underlying theoretical principles. Pashler argues that widely assumed notions of processing resources and automaticity are of limited value in understanding human information processing. He proposes a central bottleneck for decision making and memory retrieval, and describes evidence that distinguishes this limitation from perceptual limitations and limited-capacity short-term memory. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Mobile Usability Jakob Nielsen, Raluca Budiu, 2012-10-09 How do we create a satisfactory user experience when limited to a small device? This new guide focuses on usability for mobile devices, primarily smartphones and touchphones, and covers such topics as developing a mobile strategy, designing for small screens, writing for mobile, usability comparisons, and looking toward the future. The book includes 228-full color illustrations to demonstrate the points. Based on expert reviews and international studies with participants ranging from students to early technology adopters and business people using websites on a variety of mobile devices, this guide offers a complete look at the landscape for a mobile world. Author Jakob Nielsen is considered one of the world's leading experts on Web usability. He is the author of numerous best-selling books, including Prioritizing Web Usability and the groundbreaking Designing Web Usability, which has sold more than 250,000 copies and has been translated in 22 languages. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Deja Vu Experience Alan S. Brown, 2004-07-01 Most of us have been perplexed by a strange sense of familiarity when doing something for the first time. We feel that we have been here before, or done this before, but know for sure that this is impossible. In fact, according to numerous surveys, about two-thirds of us have experienced déjà vu at least once, and most of us have had multiple experiences. There are a number of credible scientific interpretations of déjà vu, and this book summarizes the broad range of published work from philosophy, religion, neurology, sociology, memory, perception, psychopathology, and psychopharmacology. This book also includes discussion of cognitive functioning in retrieval and familiarity, neuronal transmission, and double perception during the déjà vu experience. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Attraction, Distraction and Action Charles Folk, Bradley Gibson, 2001-11-30 Over the last decade there has been a spate of research on the empirical phenomenon known as attentional capture. Interest in capture can be attributed not only to its applied significance, but also to the implications of the phenomenon for theories of selective attention, as well as cognitive control in general. This growing interest, however, has also spawned a wide variety of experimental paradigms, empirical results, and theoretical perspectives. In June of 2000, 40 experimental psychologists converged on Villanova University for a conference and workshop on attentional capture. The intent was to provide an intimate forum for scientists from diverse perspectives and backgrounds, and using diverse methodologies to present their research on attentional capture and also engage in small group discussions on such key issues as the definition, measurement, and theoretical treatment of attention capture. This book presents a collection of chapters based on those presentations and discussions. Chapters are organized around areas such as neuroscience, visual cognition, developmental, individual differences and dynamical systems. The volume provides: a summary of the latest cutting edge research; an important compass for future research in this area; a useful survey of the field; contributions from internationally recognized experts in attention. Due to its exclusive focus on the topic of attentional capture the volume should make an excellent supplemental text or reference book for advanced undergraduate or graduate seminars in cognitive psychology and attention. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Origins of Objectivity Tyler Burge, 2010-03-04 Tyler Burge's study investigates the most primitive ways in which individuals represent the physical world. By reflecting on the science of perception and related psychological and biological sciences, Burge outlines the constitutive conditions for perceiving the physical world, thus locating the origins of representational mind. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Sociology Wayne Brekhus, Gabe Ignatow, 2019 The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Sociology will serve as a resource for social researchers interested in how cognitive sociology can contribute to research within their substantive areas of focus, and for faculty and graduate students interested in cognitive sociology's main contributions and the central debates within the field. In particular, the volume includes a broad range of cognitive sociological perspectives as the classical sociological and newer interdisciplinary approaches to cognition are often covered separately by scholars. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Investigating Psychology Nicola Brace, Jovan Byford, 2020-07 Investigating Psychology uses a small selection of classic studies to introduce students to a variety of research methods used by psychologists and to the different approaches to the study of mind and behaviour: the emphasis is on how psychologists carry out their investigations and why. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Perception and Its Development A. D. Pick, 2019-01-22 We have acquired important new knowledge about the nature and development of perception in recent years, and the insights of Eleanor Jack Gibson have had a prominent role in guiding the search for that knowledge. The purpose of this volume is to honor her continuing conrbution to our understanding of perception. First published in 1979. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Perceptual Organization in Vision Ruth Kimchi, Marlene Behrmann, Carl R. Olson, 2003-09-12 An exploration of ideas emanating from behavioural, developmental, neurophysiological, neuropsychological and computational approaches to the problem of visual perceptual organization. It is based on papers presented at the 31st Carnegie Symposium on Cognition, held in June 2000. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Emotion and Consciousness Lisa Feldman Barrett, Paula M. Niedenthal, Piotr Winkielman, 2007-01-10 Presenting state-of-the-art work on the conscious and unconscious processes involved in emotion, this integrative volume brings together leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers. Carefully organized, tightly edited chapters address such compelling questions as how bodily responses contribute to conscious experience, whether unconscious emotion exists, how affect is transmitted from one person to another, and how emotional responses are produced in the brain. Bringing a new level of coherence to lines of inquiry that often remain disparate, the book identifies key, cross-cutting ideas and themes and sets forth a cogent agenda for future research. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology Daniel Reisberg, 2013-04-04 This handbook is an essential, comprehensive resource for students and academics interested in topics in cognitive psychology, including perceptual issues, attention, memory, knowledge representation, language, emotional influences, judgment, problem solving, and the study of individual differences in cognition. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke Olivier Godefroy, Julien Bogousslavsky, 2007-01-18 The care of stroke patients has changed dramatically. As well as improvements in the emergency care of the condition, there have been marked advances in our understanding, management and rehabilitation of residual deficits. This book is about the care of stroke patients, focusing on behavioural and cognitive problems. It provides a comprehensive review of the field covering the diagnostic value of these conditions, in the acute and later phases, their requirements in terms of treatment and management and the likelihood and significance of long-term disability. This book will appeal to all clinicians involved in the care of stroke patients, as well as to neuropsychologists, other rehabilitation therapists and research scientists investigating the underlying neuroscience. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Intelligent Leader John Mattone, 2019-10-15 Grow Your Leadership. Enrich Your Life. Leave a Lasting Legacy. What is great leadership? What separates the merely competent leaders from those rare individuals who leave a lasting impression on everyone around them? As one of the world’s most in-demand CEO coaches and top leadership gurus, John Mattone has worked with some of our brightest business minds—Apple’s Steve Jobs, Pepsi’s Roger Enrico, and Nielsen’s Armando Uriegas—and he’s identified the key qualities that, together, make up the mindset of great leadership. In The Intelligent Leader, Mattone lays out an accessible, practical, and compelling path that anyone can take to become the kind of leader that brings enrichment to the lives of others, enjoys a more fulfilling life, and leaves a lasting legacy. Each chapter uses a variety of real-world examples, tools, and assessments to explore one of Mattone’s 7 dimensions of Intelligent Leadership, including: • Thinking differently, thinking big • Having a mindset of duty vs. a mindset of entitlement • Leveraging your gifts and addressing your gaps • Having the courage to execute with pride, passion, and precision Readers will have complimentary online access to the Mattone Leadership Enneagram Inventory ($110 value), which offers a personalized assessment of your leadership style and maturity. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Visual Cognition Steven Pinker, 1986-01-09 These essays tackle some of the central issues in visual cognition, presenting experimental techniques from cognitive psychology, new ways of modeling cognitive processes on computers from artificial intelligence, and new ways of studying brain organization from neuropsychology, to address such questions as: How do we recognize objects in front of us? How do we reason about objects when they are absent and only in memory? How do we conceptualize the three dimensions of space? Do different people do these things in different ways? And where are these abilities located in the brain? While this research, which appeared as a special issue of the journal Cognition, is at the cutting edge of cognitive science, it does not assume a highly technical background on the part of readers. The book begins with a tutorial introduction by the editor, making it suitable for specialists and nonspecialists alike. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving Candida Castro, 2008-11-21 Human error is involved in more than 90 percent of traffic accidents, and of those accidents, most are associated with visual distractions, or looking-but-failing-to-see errors. Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving gathers knowledge from a human factors psychology standpoint and provides deeper insight into traffic -user beh |
| change blindness psychology definition: A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Leon Festinger, 1962 Originally published: Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, c1957. |
| change blindness psychology definition: The Myth of Racial Color Blindness Helen A. Neville, Miguel E. Gallardo, Derald Wing Sue, 2016 Is the United States today a postracial society? In this volume, top scholars in psychology, education, sociology, and related fields dissect the concept of color-blind racial ideology (CBRI), the widely held belief that skin color does not affect interpersonal interactions and that interpersonal and institutional racism therefore no longer exist in American society. The chapter authors survey the theoretical and empirical literature on racial color blindness; discuss novel ways of assessing and measuring color-blind racial beliefs; examine related characteristics such as lack of empathy (among Whites) and internalized racism (among people of color); and assess the impact of CBRI in education, the workplace, and health care--as well as the racial disparities that such beliefs help foster--Provided by publisher. |
| change blindness psychology definition: Behavioural Sciences in Medical Practice Manju Mehta, 2008-12-01 - A patient is affected by psycho-social and cultural factors which influence behavioural aspects - In medical practice, a study of factors that impact upon the lifestyle related illness such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, trauma and chronic degenerative disorders necessitates to equate the medicine with the study of pathophysiology as the genesis of such diseases is found in the behavioural aspects of medicine - This book endeavours to provide a well structured study material with efficient learning and communication skills to understand core psychological processes that determine human behaviour from birth to death - Also provides information to deal with difficult situations like dying patients, breaking news of death to the family members and to understand the bereavement process |
| change blindness psychology definition: Blindsight : A Case Study and Implications L. Weiskrantz, 1986-10-16 Studies of patients blind from damage to the neocortex have revealed that some can discriminate certain visual events within their 'blind' fields. They are not aware that they can do so, however - they think that they are only guessing. This book is an account of research into a particular case of this 'blindsight' phenomenon. It also discusses the historical and neurological background, and reviews other cases and issues. - ;Damage to a particular area of the brain - the neocortex - is generally understood to result in blindness. Studies of some patients suffering from this form of blindness have nevertheless revealed that they can discriminate certain types of visual events within their 'blind' fields. They are not aware that they can do so, however - they think that they are only guessing. This phenomenon has been termed 'blindsight'. The present book gives an account of research over a number of years into a particular case of blindsight, together with a discussion of the historical and neurological background, a review of cases reported by other investigators, and a number of theoretical and practical issues and implications. - ;PART I: Background; D.B.: Clinical history and early testing; PART II: Reaching for randomly located targets; 'Presence' versus 'absence'; Visual acuity; Movement thresholds; Discrimination of orientation; 'Form' discrimination; Detection with slow rate of onset; The natural blind-spot (optic disc) within the scotoma; Left versus right eye; Detection of direction of contrast; 'Waves'; Matching between impaired and intact fields; Matching within the impaired field; Double dissociations between form and detection; Standard situation; PART III: Review of other cases; Status, issues, and implications; References; Indexes. - |
Current Approaches to Change Blindness - Journal Psyche
Across saccades, blinks, blank screens, movie cuts, and other interruptions, ob-servers fail to detect substantial changes to the visual details of objects and scenes. This inability to spot …
The role of memory and attention in change blindness
Change blindness can be seen as an inability to detect a change from one view of a scene to a next view in which the scene has been changed (Simons and Levin, 1997). When these …
Change blindness: past, present, and future - Cell Press
Change blindness is the striking failure to see large changes that normally would be noticed easily. Over the past decade this phenomenon has greatly contributed to our understanding of …
Change detection in the flicker paradigm: The role of fixation …
These researchers have em-ployed change detection paradigms in which a change to a scene is completed during a saccadic eye movement, when visual encoding is suppressed.
ON THE APPLICATIONS OF CHANGE BLINDNESS - J-STAGE
Key words: change blindness, attention, visual memory, scene perception, nonconscious perception Change blindness is the inability to perceive changes that are easily seen once …
Change blindness in the absence of a visual disruption
Feb 8, 2000 · Findings from studies of visual memory and change detection have revealed a surprising inability to detect large changes to scenes from one view to the next (Simons and …
Change Blindness, Psychology of - ResearchGate
Change blindness is the tendency to fail to detect changes in a stimulus array while actively exploring it. This happens when the perception of the motion that typically...
Psychology 263: Introduction to Cognitive Processes
• Most common way to study change blindness is via the flicker paradigm • Two pictures are presented back to back to participants with one small difference between the two pics. This …
Change Blindness - University of British Columbia
The key factor in causing change blindness appears to be the effective removal of the local changes that accompany a change, either by being overwhelmed by global motion signals, or …
What Change Blindness Teaches about Consciousness - JSTOR
Change blindness is often described as a failure of subjects with normal vision to see the visible objects and/or properties whose presence or absence constitutes a difference (change) in …
‘Change blindness’ blindness: An implicit measure of
‘Change blindness’ blindness: An implicit measure of a metacognitive error. In D. T. Levin (Ed.), Visual metacognition: Thinking about seeing. Greenwood. Most people have strong but …
FROM CHANGE BLINDNESS TO CHOICE BLINDNESS - J-STAGE
Why should change blindness be used only to study perceptual aspects of cognition? In a series of studies, we have modified the basic design of change blindness
Change Blindness: Implications for the Nature of Visual …
Change blindness can be defined as the induced failure of observers to detect large changes in a visual display (Rensink et al., 1997). Under normal viewing conditions it is usually easy
Change Blindness: Theory and Consequences - JSTOR
The change-blindness literature has converged on a core set of findings: First, change blindness occurs whenever attention is diverted from the change signal. Second, changes to objects that …
DIFFERENCES IN FLICKER PARADIGM RESPONSE TIMES: …
concepts of change blindness and change detection, including the different circumstances under which each has been observed and possible cognitive mechanisms by which they might be …
Change blindness: Past, present, and future - University of …
The term ‘change blindness’ refers to the surprising dif-ficulty observers have in noticing large changes to visual scenes [1,2]. Although failures to detect change have been studied for …
CHANGE DETECTION - University of British Columbia
This “change blindness” (Rensink et al. 1997) is a striking phenomenon, one that has often served as the flip side of change detection: Just as our ability to detect change has cast light on …
Attention: Change Blindness and Inattentional Blindness
Change Blindness Background The ability to see change is extremely useful in coping with everyday life: we can monitor the movement of nearby automobiles (as drivers or pedestrians), …
ON THE APPLICATIONS OF CHANGE BLINDNESS - University …
Change blindness is the inability to perceive changes that are easily seen once noticed. This is a striking effect that can be induced under a variety of conditions, such as making the change …
Change Blindness - University of British Columbia
It is shown here how the phenomenon of change blindness can provide new results on the nature of visual attention, including estimates of its capacity and the extent to which it can bind visual …
Current Approaches to Change Blindness - Journal Psyche
Across saccades, blinks, blank screens, movie cuts, and other interruptions, ob-servers fail to detect substantial changes to the visual details of objects and scenes. This inability to spot …
The role of memory and attention in change blindness
Change blindness can be seen as an inability to detect a change from one view of a scene to a next view in which the scene has been changed (Simons and Levin, 1997). When these changes are …
Change blindness: past, present, and future - Cell Press
Change blindness is the striking failure to see large changes that normally would be noticed easily. Over the past decade this phenomenon has greatly contributed to our understanding of …
Change detection in the flicker paradigm: The role of fixation …
These researchers have em-ployed change detection paradigms in which a change to a scene is completed during a saccadic eye movement, when visual encoding is suppressed.
ON THE APPLICATIONS OF CHANGE BLINDNESS - J-STAGE
Key words: change blindness, attention, visual memory, scene perception, nonconscious perception Change blindness is the inability to perceive changes that are easily seen once noticed. This is a …
Change blindness in the absence of a visual disruption
Feb 8, 2000 · Findings from studies of visual memory and change detection have revealed a surprising inability to detect large changes to scenes from one view to the next (Simons and …
Change Blindness, Psychology of - ResearchGate
Change blindness is the tendency to fail to detect changes in a stimulus array while actively exploring it. This happens when the perception of the motion that typically...
Psychology 263: Introduction to Cognitive Processes
• Most common way to study change blindness is via the flicker paradigm • Two pictures are presented back to back to participants with one small difference between the two pics. This …
Change Blindness - University of British Columbia
The key factor in causing change blindness appears to be the effective removal of the local changes that accompany a change, either by being overwhelmed by global motion signals, or else by …
What Change Blindness Teaches about Consciousness
Change blindness is often described as a failure of subjects with normal vision to see the visible objects and/or properties whose presence or absence constitutes a difference (change) in …
‘Change blindness’ blindness: An implicit measure of
‘Change blindness’ blindness: An implicit measure of a metacognitive error. In D. T. Levin (Ed.), Visual metacognition: Thinking about seeing. Greenwood. Most people have strong but mistaken...
FROM CHANGE BLINDNESS TO CHOICE BLINDNESS - J …
Why should change blindness be used only to study perceptual aspects of cognition? In a series of studies, we have modified the basic design of change blindness
Change Blindness: Implications for the Nature of Visual …
Change blindness can be defined as the induced failure of observers to detect large changes in a visual display (Rensink et al., 1997). Under normal viewing conditions it is usually easy
Change Blindness: Theory and Consequences - JSTOR
The change-blindness literature has converged on a core set of findings: First, change blindness occurs whenever attention is diverted from the change signal. Second, changes to objects that …
DIFFERENCES IN FLICKER PARADIGM RESPONSE TIMES: …
concepts of change blindness and change detection, including the different circumstances under which each has been observed and possible cognitive mechanisms by which they might be …
Change blindness: Past, present, and future - University of …
The term ‘change blindness’ refers to the surprising dif-ficulty observers have in noticing large changes to visual scenes [1,2]. Although failures to detect change have been studied for decades …
CHANGE DETECTION - University of British Columbia
This “change blindness” (Rensink et al. 1997) is a striking phenomenon, one that has often served as the flip side of change detection: Just as our ability to detect change has cast light on some …
Attention: Change Blindness and Inattentional Blindness
Change Blindness Background The ability to see change is extremely useful in coping with everyday life: we can monitor the movement of nearby automobiles (as drivers or pedestrians), notice …
ON THE APPLICATIONS OF CHANGE BLINDNESS
Change blindness is the inability to perceive changes that are easily seen once noticed. This is a striking effect that can be induced under a variety of conditions, such as making the change …
