| characteristics of problem solving: Educational Research and Innovation The Nature of Problem Solving Using Research to Inspire 21st Century Learning OECD, 2017-04-11 Solving non-routine problems is a key competence in a world full of changes, uncertainty and surprise where we strive to achieve so many ambitious goals. But the world is also full of solutions because of the extraordinary competences of humans who search for and find them. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Complex Problem Solving Peter A. Frensch, Joachim Funke, 2014-04-04 This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in natural domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive. |
| characteristics of problem solving: The Complete Leader Ron Price and Randy Lisk, 2019-11-19 Everything You Need to Become a High-Performing Leader Do you crave additional development of your leadership skills—not just another business book or workshop, but something practical, actionable and real-world? Executive coaches Ron Price and Randy Lisk combine experiences and tools gleaned from decades working with leaders from Fortune 100 companies to small businesses to present twenty-five modules in The Complete Leader. Each skill is organized around the four qualities necessary to leadership excellence: • Clear thinking in an increasingly-complex world • Managing yourself to develop strong teams and results without excuses • Leading others through transcending results to achieve lasting impact • Authenticity in who you are and who you want to become Presented in a way that is both customizable and scalable, each leadership competency utilizes practical tools for defining, practicing |and becoming the greatest version of yourself. The companion site, TheCompleteLeader.org, includes individual assessments and furthers the ideas presented in each section, offering additional methods to deepen practice and learning. This combination of book, assessments and website round out a robust program designed for today’s established executives and tomorrow’s emerging leaders. RON PRICE is the president and founder of Price Associates, a global leadership performance firm. He is a noted expert on how human behavior translates to company culture, individual and business performances. RANDY LISK is the founder of Lisk Associates, a business consultancy firm. He is a trusted advisor, consultant and coach. “Leaving nothing out, Ron Price and Randy Lisk reveal everything you need to know to be The Complete Leader.” Marshall Goldsmith, International Bestselling Author “This book can serve as your own leadership curriculum as you work on the competencies you need to be an effective leader.” Marshall Goldsmith, International Bestselling Author |
| characteristics of problem solving: Bulletproof Problem Solving Charles Conn, Robert McLean, 2019-03-04 Complex problem solving is the core skill for 21st Century Teams Complex problem solving is at the very top of the list of essential skills for career progression in the modern world. But how problem solving is taught in our schools, universities, businesses and organizations comes up short. In Bulletproof Problem Solving: The One Skill That Changes Everything you’ll learn the seven-step systematic approach to creative problem solving developed in top consulting firms that will work in any field or industry, turning you into a highly sought-after bulletproof problem solver who can tackle challenges that others balk at. The problem-solving technique outlined in this book is based on a highly visual, logic-tree method that can be applied to everything from everyday decisions to strategic issues in business to global social challenges. The authors, with decades of experience at McKinsey and Company, provide 30 detailed, real-world examples, so you can see exactly how the technique works in action. With this bulletproof approach to defining, unpacking, understanding, and ultimately solving problems, you’ll have a personal superpower for developing compelling solutions in your workplace. Discover the time-tested 7-step technique to problem solving that top consulting professionals employ Learn how a simple visual system can help you break down and understand the component parts of even the most complex problems Build team brainstorming techniques that fight cognitive bias, streamline workplanning, and speed solutions Know when and how to employ modern analytic tools and techniques from machine learning to game theory Learn how to structure and communicate your findings to convince audiences and compel action The secrets revealed in Bulletproof Problem Solving will transform the way you approach problems and take you to the next level of business and personal success. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Learning to Solve Problems David H. Jonassen, 2010-09-13 This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date look at problem solving research and practice over the last fifteen years. The first chapter describes differences in types of problems, individual differences among problem-solvers, as well as the domain and context within which a problem is being solved. Part one describes six kinds of problems and the methods required to solve them. Part two goes beyond traditional discussions of case design and introduces six different purposes or functions of cases, the building blocks of problem-solving learning environments. It also describes methods for constructing cases to support problem solving. Part three introduces a number of cognitive skills required for studying cases and solving problems. Finally, Part four describes several methods for assessing problem solving. Key features includes: Teaching Focus – The book is not merely a review of research. It also provides specific research-based advice on how to design problem-solving learning environments. Illustrative Cases – A rich array of cases illustrates how to build problem-solving learning environments. Part two introduces six different functions of cases and also describes the parameters of a case. Chapter Integration – Key theories and concepts are addressed across chapters and links to other chapters are made explicit. The idea is to show how different kinds of problems, cases, skills, and assessments are integrated. Author expertise – A prolific researcher and writer, the author has been researching and publishing books and articles on learning to solve problems for the past fifteen years. This book is appropriate for advanced courses in instructional design and technology, science education, applied cognitive psychology, thinking and reasoning, and educational psychology. Instructional designers, especially those involved in designing problem-based learning, as well as curriculum designers who seek new ways of structuring curriculum will find it an invaluable reference tool. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Introduction to 8D Problem Solving Ali Zarghami, Don Benbow, 2017-04-25 |
| characteristics of problem solving: Collaborative Problem Solving Alisha R. Pollastri, J. Stuart Ablon, Michael J.G. Hone, 2019-06-06 This book is the first to systematically describe the key components necessary to ensure successful implementation of Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) across mental health settings and non-mental health settings that require behavioral management. This resource is designed by the leading experts in CPS and is focused on the clinical and implementation strategies that have proved most successful within various private and institutional agencies. The book begins by defining the approach before delving into the neurobiological components that are key to understanding this concept. Next, the book covers the best practices for implementation and evaluating outcomes, both in the long and short term. The book concludes with a summary of the concept and recommendations for additional resources, making it an excellent concise guide to this cutting edge approach. Collaborative Problem Solving is an excellent resource for psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and all medical professionals working to manage troubling behaviors. The text is also valuable for readers interested in public health, education, improved law enforcement strategies, and all stakeholders seeking to implement this approach within their program, organization, and/or system of care. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Root Cause Analysis, Second Edition Duke Okes, 2019-02-06 This best-seller can help anyone whose role is to try to find specific causes for failures. It provides detailed steps for solving problems, focusing more heavily on the analytical process involved in finding the actual causes of problems. It does this using figures, diagrams, and tools useful for helping to make our thinking visible. This increases our ability to see what is truly significant and to better identify errors in our thinking. In the sections on finding root causes, this second edition now includes: more examples on the use of multi-vari charts; how thought experiments can help guide data interpretation; how to enhance the value of the data collection process; cautions for analyzing data; and what to do if one cant find the causes. In its guidance on solution identification, biomimicry and TRIZ have been added as potential solution identification techniques. In addition, the appendices have been revised to include: an expanded breakdown of the 7 Ms, which includes more than 50 specific possible causes; forms for tracking causes and solutions, which can help maintain alignment of actions; techniques for how to enhance the interview process; and example responses to problem situations that the reader can analyze for appropriateness. |
| characteristics of problem solving: The Psychology of Problem Solving Janet E. Davidson, Robert J. Sternberg, 2003-06-09 Problems are a central part of human life. The Psychology of Problem Solving organizes in one volume much of what psychologists know about problem solving and the factors that contribute to its success or failure. There are chapters by leading experts in this field, including Miriam Bassok, Randall Engle, Anders Ericsson, Arthur Graesser, Keith Stanovich, Norbert Schwarz, and Barry Zimmerman, among others. The Psychology of Problem Solving is divided into four parts. Following an introduction that reviews the nature of problems and the history and methods of the field, Part II focuses on individual differences in, and the influence of, the abilities and skills that humans bring to problem situations. Part III examines motivational and emotional states and cognitive strategies that influence problem solving performance, while Part IV summarizes and integrates the various views of problem solving proposed in the preceding chapters. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Complex Problem Solving Robert J. Sternberg, Peter A. Frensch, 2014-01-14 Although complex problem solving has emerged as a field of psychology in its own right, the literature is, for the most part, widely scattered, and often so technical that it is inaccessible to non-experts. This unique book provides a comprehensive, in-depth, and accessible introduction to the field of complex problem solving. Chapter authors -- experts in their selected domains -- deliver systematic, thought-provoking analyses generally written from an information-processing point of view. Areas addressed include politics, electronics, and computers. |
| characteristics of problem solving: The Ideal Problem Solver John Bransford, Barry S. Stein, 1993 Provocative, challenging, and fun, The Ideal Problem Solver offers a sound, methodical approach for resolving problems based on the IDEAL (Identify, Define, Explore, Act, Look) model. The authors suggest new strategies for enhancing creativity, improving memory, criticizing ideas and generating alternatives, and communicating more effectively with a wider range of people. Using the results of laboratory research previously available only in a piece-meal fashion or in scientific journals, Bransford and Stein discuss such issues as Teaming new information, overcoming blocks to creativity, and viewing problems from a variety of perspectives. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Creative Approaches to Problem Solving Scott G. Isaksen, K. Brian Dorval, Donald J. Treffinger, 2011 Creative Approaches to Problem Solving (CAPS) is a comprehensive text covering the well-known, cited, and used system for problem solving and creativity known as Creative Problem Solving (CPS). CPS is a flexible system used to help individuals and groups solve problems, manage change, and deliver innovation. It provides a framework, language, guidelines, and set of easy-to-use tools for understanding challenges, generating ideas and transforming promising ideas into action. Features and Benefits: - Specific objectives in each chapter for the reader - This provides a clear focus for instruction or independent learning - Practical case study introduced in the beginning of each chapter and then completed as a rest of the story toward the end of the chapter - This feature provides an application anchor for the reader - Upgraded mix of graphics - These updated and refreshed graphics include tables, figures, and illustrative images that are designed to provide pictures to go along with the word. The aim has been to aid attention, retention, and practical application - Enhanced emphasis on flexible, dynamic process-- Enables users to select and apply CPS tools, components, and stages in a meaningful way that meets their actual needs - A framework for problem solving that has been tested and applied across ages, settings, and cultures-- Readers can apply a common approach to process across many traditional boundaries that have limited effectives. Creative Approaches to Problem Solving has been (and continues to be) used as a core text for faculty who are teaching courses in Creative Problem Solving or Creativity and Innovation as part of an MBA program, or in Education, a course on Creativity (often as a component of certification or endorsement requirements in gifted education). It is also used as a core text for those enrolled in professional development, continuing education, or executive education programmes. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Proofs and Refutations Imre Lakatos, 1976 Proofs and Refutations is for those interested in the methodology, philosophy and history of mathematics. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Discipline-Based Education Research National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on the Status, Contributions, and Future Directions of Discipline-Based Education Research, 2012-08-27 The National Science Foundation funded a synthesis study on the status, contributions, and future direction of discipline-based education research (DBER) in physics, biological sciences, geosciences, and chemistry. DBER combines knowledge of teaching and learning with deep knowledge of discipline-specific science content. It describes the discipline-specific difficulties learners face and the specialized intellectual and instructional resources that can facilitate student understanding. Discipline-Based Education Research is based on a 30-month study built on two workshops held in 2008 to explore evidence on promising practices in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This book asks questions that are essential to advancing DBER and broadening its impact on undergraduate science teaching and learning. The book provides empirical research on undergraduate teaching and learning in the sciences, explores the extent to which this research currently influences undergraduate instruction, and identifies the intellectual and material resources required to further develop DBER. Discipline-Based Education Research provides guidance for future DBER research. In addition, the findings and recommendations of this report may invite, if not assist, post-secondary institutions to increase interest and research activity in DBER and improve its quality and usefulness across all natural science disciples, as well as guide instruction and assessment across natural science courses to improve student learning. The book brings greater focus to issues of student attrition in the natural sciences that are related to the quality of instruction. Discipline-Based Education Research will be of interest to educators, policy makers, researchers, scholars, decision makers in universities, government agencies, curriculum developers, research sponsors, and education advocacy groups. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Problem Solving Therapy in the Clinical Practice Mehmet Eskin, 2012-12-31 Evidence based or empirically supported psychotherapies are becoming more and more important in the mental health fields as the users and financers of psychotherapies want to choose those methods whose effectiveness are empirically shown. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies are shown to have empirical support in the treatment of a wide range of psychological/psychiatric problems. As a cognitive-behavioral mode of action, Problem Solving Therapy has been shown to be an effective psychotherapy approach in the treatment and/or rehabilitation of persons with depression, anxiety, suicide, schizophrenia, personality disorders, marital problems, cancer, diabetes-mellitus etc. Mental health problems cause personal suffering and constitue a burden to the national health systems. Scientific evidence show that effective problem solving skills are an important source of resiliency and individuals with psychological problems exhibit a deficiency in effective problem solving skills. Problem solving therapy approach to the treatment and/or rehabilitation of emotional problems assumes that teaching effective problem solving skills in a therapeutic relationship increases resiliency and alleviates psychological problems.The book, in the first chapters, gives information on problem solving and the role of problem-solving in the etiology and the treatment of different forms of mental health problems. In the later chapters, it concentrates on psychotherapy, assessment and procedures of problem solving therapy. At the end it provides a case study. - Provides a comprehensive appreciation of problem solving therapy - Contains empirical evidence and applied focus for problem solving therapy which provides a scientific base and best practices - Highlights the problem solving difficulties of persons with specific disorders |
| characteristics of problem solving: Wicked Problems Worth Solving Jon Kolko, 2012 It feels like our world is spinning out of control. We see poverty, disease, and destruction all around us, and as we search for ways to make sense of the chaos, we're turning to new disciplines for answers and solutions. New, creative innovations are needed, and these new approaches demand different methods and different theories. This book is presented as a handbook for teaching and learning how to design for impact. In it, you'll learn how to apply the process of design to large, wicked problems, and how to gain control over complexity by acting as a social entrepreneur. You'll learn an argument for why design is a powerful agent of change, and you'll read practical methods for engaging with large-scale social problems. You can read this entire book online for free at http://www.wickedproblems.com/ |
| characteristics of problem solving: Problem-Solving Therapy Arthur M. Nezu, PhD, ABPP, Christine Maguth Nezu, PhD, ABPP, Thomas J. D'Zurilla, PhD, 2012-12-11 Problem-Solving Therapy: A Treatment Manual is a laudable and distinctive resource that contributes to contemporary and exemplary psychotherapy in a big way.--New England Psychologist Through Problem-Solving Therapy: A Treatment Manual, Nezu and colleagues offer an excellent manual that has the potential to help a wide range of individuals cope with lifeís challenges. This book is an invaluable addition to any practicing psychologistís bookshelf.--PsycCRITIQUES Problem-solving therapy (PST) has been increasingly used to treat a variety of health and mental health problems due to its flexibility and proven effectiveness. This text, written by the co-developers of PST, is a comprehensive and detailed manual of how to apply PST to a wide variety of populations and situations. It reflects the significant conceptual and clinical revisions that supersede earlier versions of PST, and is based on the authors' clinical and research experience, the treatment outcome literature, and advances in related areas of psychology and neuroscience research. The book offers specific treatment guidelines, sample client-therapist dialogues, clinical exercises and activities, homework assignments, client handouts, clinical case examples, and worksheets. These resources are based on a stepped-care model of PST that takes into account the nature of a client's problems, the intensity of these problems, the setting and treatment structure, and treatment goals. The manual offers clients four major toolkits, which include a multitasking guide to overcoming cognitive overload when under stress, a guide to overcoming problems related to emotional dysregulation, a guide to overcoming barriers to effective problem-solving through use of healthy thinking and positive imagery, and a guide to fostering effective problem-solving by designing and employing a rational plan. Digital accompaniments include patient handouts, worksheets, and toolkits. Intended for use by a wide variety of mental health professionals in multiple settings, the manual can also serve as a text for both undergraduate and applied graduate courses. Key Features: Describes an increasingly popular psychotherapeutic intervention that works for multiple client populations and can be combined with other treatment modalities Authored by the co-developers of PST Provides the most up-to-date, detailed guidelines to PST Presents treatment guidelines, case examples, and numerous clinical aids Includes digital components, such as patient handouts, homework worksheets, and toolkits |
| characteristics of problem solving: Taking Problem-Solving Courts to Scale Eileen M. Ahlin, Anne S. Douds, 2021-04-30 In the more than 30 years since the drug court model transformed the criminal justice landscape, problem-solving courts have expanded their reach beyond criminogenic needs. They now address demographic similarities (e.g., veterans courts, tribal wellness courts, community courts) and offense characteristics (e.g., prostitution courts, sex offender courts). The rapid expansion of problem-solving courts to meet many different individuals suggests this template is appropriate and adaptable to just about any categorical characteristic. This book calls on problem-solving court experts to offer a fresh perspective on the evolving discourse on these courts' proliferation. Contributors describe diverse applications of the problem-solving court model while critically appraising these niche courts' evidence. This book provides a comprehensive account to date of how problem-solving courts are continuing to revolutionize justice. This collective body of work strengthens our understanding of their placement in the throes of a call for meaningful criminal justice reform.Taking Problem-Solving Courts to Scale is presented in three sections to address specialty courts focused on criminogenic needs, individual characteristics, and offense characteristics. At the outset of each section, the editors describe the courts' purpose falling under these broad categories and highlight key elements from the chapters falling within. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Problem-Solving Therapy Thomas D'Zurilla, PhD, Arthur M. Nezu, PhD, ABPP, 2006-09-18 MAXIMIZE POSITIVE PATIENT OUTCOMES Enhance Function--Avert Relapses--Present New Problems In this new updated edition, authors Thomas J. D'Zurilla and Arthur M. Nezu, present some of the most useful advances in problem-solving therapy (PST) today. An excellent resource for maximizing positive patient outcomes, this all-inclusive guide helps enhance your problem solving skills and apply successful clinical techniques to help your clients improve their lives. Known for its presentation of solid research results and effective PST training tools, this best-selling guide has been fully updated to include: NEW research data on social problem solving and adjustment NEW studies on the efficacy of PST NEW social problem solving models NEW updated and more user-friendly therapist's training manual Written for a wide audience, from therapists and counselors to psychologists and social workers, this highly readable and practical reference is a must-have guide to helping your patients identify and resolve current life problems. The book set is designed to be read alongside its informal manual accompaniment, Solving Life's Problems: A 5-Step Guide to Enhanced Well-Being by D'Zurilla, Nezu, and Christine Maguth Nezu. Purchase of the two books as a set will get you these life-changing texts at an $7.00 savings over the two books bought individually. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Problem-solving John E. Eck, 1987 |
| characteristics of problem solving: The Imperfectionists Robert McLean, Charles Conn, 2023-04-18 The world is changing faster and faster, with increasing uncertainty and threat of disruption in every business and nonprofit segment. Conventional approaches to strategy development and problem solving no longer work—there is no stable industry or market equilibrium structure that we will return to “when change abates.” Most company planning processes are fantasy; market conditions are changing too quickly for arm-chair strategizing to be useful. As a consequence, many management teams are stuck in a wait-and-see posture in response to extreme uncertainty in the post-Covid environment, while others are making panicky bets, including ‘leap before you look’ acquisitions. In this sequel to their Amazon-bestseller, Bulletproof Problem Solving, Conn and McLean introduce a novel approach to strategic problem solving. Based on a decade of research and 30 new case studies, The Imperfectionists posits a dynamic approach to developing organizational direction under uncertainty based on harnessing six reinforcing strategic mindsets, which they call curiosity, dragonfly eye, occurrent behaviour, collective wisdom, imperfectionism, and show and tell. Imperfectionists are curious, they look at problems from several perspectives, and gather new data and approaches, including from outside their current industry. They deliberately step into risk, proceeding through trial and error, utilizing nimble low consequence and reversible moves to deepen their understanding of the unfolding game being played, and to build capabilities. They accept ambiguity and some apparent failures in exchange for improved learning and market position. Imperfectionists succeed with dynamic, real time strategic problem solving, confidently moving forward while others wait for certainty, or make impetuous and foolish bets. These strategic mindsets for solving tough problems in uncertain times help you fight decision biases and give you the data to develop informed strategies to win. In the fast changing world we all find ourselves in, being an imperfectionist is a critical advantage for you and your organization. |
| characteristics of problem solving: The Cambridge Handbook of Cognition and Education John Dunlosky, Katherine A. Rawson, 2019-02-07 This Handbook reviews a wealth of research in cognitive and educational psychology that investigates how to enhance learning and instruction to aid students struggling to learn and to advise teachers on how best to support student learning. The Handbook includes features that inform readers about how to improve instruction and student achievement based on scientific evidence across different domains, including science, mathematics, reading and writing. Each chapter supplies a description of the learning goal, a balanced presentation of the current evidence about the efficacy of various approaches to obtaining that learning goal, and a discussion of important future directions for research in this area. It is the ideal resource for researchers continuing their study of this field or for those only now beginning to explore how to improve student achievement. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Organization and Management Problem Solving James T. Ziegenfuss, 2002 Based on a broad range of case studies, Organization and Management Problem Solving is an insightful text designed to improve the application of organization theory and systems thinking in teaching and practice. This book illustrates the five key themes in the nature of organization and managementa'technical, structural, psychosocial, managerial, and culturala'through the analysis of measured incidents tested by students. A clear theoretical framework supports the case studies, allowing the text to have practical relevance to contemporary settings and to be recognized as a model for describing, analyzing, and responding to organization and management problems. The model integrates the thinking of many writers on organization and problem solving including Ackoff, Blake, and Mouton; Schein, Kast, and Rosenweign; and Mitroff and Lippitt. The approach eliminates causal conditions and emphasizes responsive problem solving. Theory is applied and expanded as needed to a broader social context, engaging the reader in a thorough understanding of the nature and development of organization theory and problem solving. This book is relevant to consultants, academics, and professional managers in a number of settings (academic, military, business organizations, and research institutes) and disciplines (including development and change, management, human resources, social psychology, communication, sociology, and psychology). |
| characteristics of problem solving: The Quality Toolbox Nancy Tague, 2004-07-14 The Quality Toolbox is a comprehensive reference to a variety of methods and techniques: those most commonly used for quality improvement, many less commonly used, and some created by the author and not available elsewhere. The reader will find the widely used seven basic quality control tools (for example, fishbone diagram, and Pareto chart) as well as the newer management and planning tools. Tools are included for generating and organizing ideas, evaluating ideas, analyzing processes, determining root causes, planning, and basic data-handling and statistics. The book is written and organized to be as simple as possible to use so that anyone can find and learn new tools without a teacher. Above all, this is an instruction book. The reader can learn new tools or, for familiar tools, discover new variations or applications. It also is a reference book, organized so that a half-remembered tool can be found and reviewed easily, and the right tool to solve a particular problem or achieve a specific goal can be quickly identified. With this book close at hand, a quality improvement team becomes capable of more efficient and effective work with less assistance from a trained quality consultant. Quality and training professionals also will find it a handy reference and quick way to expand their repertoire of tools, techniques, applications, and tricks. For this second edition, Tague added 34 tools and 18 variations. The Quality Improvement Stories chapter has been expanded to include detailed case studies from three Baldrige Award winners. An entirely new chapter, Mega-Tools: Quality Management Systems, puts the tools into two contexts: the historical evolution of quality improvement and the quality management systems within which the tools are used. This edition liberally uses icons with each tool description to reinforce for the reader what kind of tool it is and where it is used within the improvement process. |
| characteristics of problem solving: What's Your Math Problem!?! Getting to the Heart of Teaching Problem Solving Linda Gojak, 2011-04-15 Provides instructional tools and methods to help teachers understand various problem solving strategies and discusses how to use each strategy with students. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Communicating in Groups: Applications and Skills Katherine Adams, Gloria Galanes, 2011-03-21 Communicating in Groups offers a concise, step-by-step introduction to the theory and practice of small group communication and teaches students to develop and apply critical thinking skills in group problem-solving situations. The book continues to synthesize current small group theory and research while presenting the material in a practical and accessible manner for students interested in the dynamics of small group communication. The eighth edition marks the first time two central chapters on communication are integrated into one chapter, capturing key principles of both verbal and non-verbal small group behavior within a new definition of communication. With the firm belief that group participation can be an uplifting, energizing experience, authors Kathy Adams and Gloria Galanes give students the tools they will need to achieve this outcome. Research and theory are presented with a focus on what is important to students—understanding their group experiences and making them effective communicators. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Learner-Centered Innovation Katie Martin, 2018-02-06 When we tell kids to complete an assignment, we get compliance. When we empower learners to explore and learn how to make an impact on the world, we inspire problem solvers and innovators. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Knowledge-Based Configuration Alexander Felfernig, Lothar Hotz, Claire Bagley, Juha Tiihonen, 2014-04-02 Knowledge-based Configuration incorporates knowledge representation formalisms to capture complex product models and reasoning methods to provide intelligent interactive behavior with the user. This book represents the first time that corporate and academic worlds collaborate integrating research and commercial benefits of knowledge-based configuration. Foundational interdisciplinary material is provided for composing models from increasingly complex products and services. Case studies, the latest research, and graphical knowledge representations that increase understanding of knowledge-based configuration provide a toolkit to continue to push the boundaries of what configurators can do and how they enable companies and customers to thrive. - Includes detailed discussion of state-of-the art configuration knowledge engineering approaches such as automated testing and debugging, redundancy detection, and conflict management - Provides an overview of the application of knowledge-based configuration technologies in the form of real-world case studies from SAP, Siemens, Kapsch, and more - Explores the commercial benefits of knowledge-based configuration technologies to business sectors from services to industrial equipment - Uses concepts that are based on an example personal computer configuration knowledge base that is represented in an UML-based graphical language |
| characteristics of problem solving: Problem-Solving Technologies Sadjad Soltanzadeh, 2022-01-31 In our everyday activities we use material objects in different shapes and forms to solve various practical problems. We may use a knife to tighten a screw, turn an old washing machine drum into a fireplace, use the edge of a kitchen countertop to open a bottle, or place a hammer on the puncture patch glued to a bike’s inner tube to exert pressure on the patch until the glue dries. How should we identify these objects? What functions do they have? If we want to understand the role which material objects play in our everyday activities, we need to move away from universal identifications of objects. This is because universal identifications are not sensitive to contextual differences and cannot describe how each individual user connects to their surrounding objects in an infinite variety of contexts. Problem-Solving Technologies provides a user-friendly understanding of technological objects. This book develops a framework to characterise and categorize technological objects at the level of users’ subjective experiences. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Problem Solving and Intelligence Helga A. H. Rowe, 2024-03-08 Originally published in 1985, Problem Solving and Intelligence was the result of the author’s efforts to understand the nature of human intelligence and the differences in the cognitive functioning of individuals which we observe again and again. The book contains two types of material. First it presents an overview of major contributions to the conceptualization and investigation of problem solving and intelligence, which was derived from the extensive, largely non-cumulative literature at the time. Second it reports a comprehensive, empirical study of the manifestation of intelligence in problem solving. The subject matter was at the interface of three traditional areas of psychological inquiry: namely, the study of cognitive processes, individual differences, and the characteristics of the stimulus. What was innovative is that intellectual performance is investigated in relation to the simultaneous operation of variables from these dimensions. The book was intended, primarily, as a contribution to the understanding and investigation of the nature of intelligent behavior, as well as an introduction to intelligence and problem solving. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Cracked it! Bernard Garrette, Corey Phelps, Olivier Sibony, 2018-06-08 Solving complex problems and selling their solutions is critical for personal and organizational success. For most of us, however, it doesn’t come naturally and we haven’t been taught how to do it well. Research shows a host of pitfalls trips us up when we try: We’re quick to believe we understand a situation and jump to a flawed solution. We seek to confirm our hypotheses and ignore conflicting evidence. We view challenges incompletely through the frameworks we know instead of with a fresh pair of eyes. And when we communicate our recommendations, we forget our reasoning isn’t obvious to our audience. How can we do it better? In Cracked It!, seasoned strategy professors and consultants Bernard Garrette, Corey Phelps and Olivier Sibony present a rigorous and practical four-step approach to overcome these pitfalls. Building on tried-and-tested (but rarely revealed) methods of top strategy consultants, research in cognitive psychology, and the latest advances in design thinking, they provide a step-by-step process and toolkit that will help readers tackle any challenging business problem. Using compelling stories and detailed case examples, the authors guide readers through each step in the process: from how to state, structure and then solve problems to how to sell the solutions. Written in an engaging style by a trio of experts with decades of experience researching, teaching and consulting on complex business problems, this book will be an indispensable manual for anyone interested in creating value by helping their organizations crack the problems that matter most. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Deep Learning for Coders with fastai and PyTorch Jeremy Howard, Sylvain Gugger, 2020-06-29 Deep learning is often viewed as the exclusive domain of math PhDs and big tech companies. But as this hands-on guide demonstrates, programmers comfortable with Python can achieve impressive results in deep learning with little math background, small amounts of data, and minimal code. How? With fastai, the first library to provide a consistent interface to the most frequently used deep learning applications. Authors Jeremy Howard and Sylvain Gugger, the creators of fastai, show you how to train a model on a wide range of tasks using fastai and PyTorch. You’ll also dive progressively further into deep learning theory to gain a complete understanding of the algorithms behind the scenes. Train models in computer vision, natural language processing, tabular data, and collaborative filtering Learn the latest deep learning techniques that matter most in practice Improve accuracy, speed, and reliability by understanding how deep learning models work Discover how to turn your models into web applications Implement deep learning algorithms from scratch Consider the ethical implications of your work Gain insight from the foreword by PyTorch cofounder, Soumith Chintala |
| characteristics of problem solving: How People Learn National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning with additional material from the Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice, 2000-08-11 First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education. |
| characteristics of problem solving: How to Solve it George Pólya, 2014 Polya reveals how the mathematical method of demonstrating a proof or finding an unknown can be of help in attacking any problem that can be reasoned out--from building a bridge to winning a game of anagrams.--Back cover. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Teachers’ Professional Development on Problem Solving Judit Orgoványi-Gajdos, 2016-10-26 Since teaching is a practical activity, efficient problem-solving skill is one of the fundamental competencies teachers need to possess. All teachers face challenging school situations during teaching-learning process no matter where they teach or since when. Despite similarities appearing on the surface, every school situation is unique and depends on several internal and external factors that should have been taken into account. Therefore, in many problematic cases it is not enough to deal with the symptoms, but teachers need to go deeper. This book provides a theoretical and practical background for this step-by-step problem solving-oriented thinking process. The practical activities can help teachers to frame and identify their challenges, to analyse the cause and effect of their situation, and also to find their own solutions and strategies. The material in this book can be used in pre-service or in-service teacher training that deal with pedagogic cases, or challenges of teaching and learning processes. However, most of the tools can also be used individually by teachers at any stage of their career, including any type of compulsory education, thanks to the clear description of each technique. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Schemas in Problem Solving Sandra P. Marshall, 1995-06-30 Schemas in Problem Solving introduces a new approach to the study of learning, instruction, and assessment. Focusing on the area of arithmetic story problems, Marshall shows how instruction can lead to more meaningful learning by emphasizing the ways students acquire and store knowledge in memory. She identifies major knowledge structures called schemas, describes instruction designed around theses structures, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses in the knowledge that the students demonstrate following instruction. To evaluate the success of her approach, Marshall describes traditional experiments and computer simulations of student performance. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Teaching and Learning Mathematical Problem Solving Edward A. Silver, 2013-04-03 A provocative collection of papers containing comprehensive reviews of previous research, teaching techniques, and pointers for direction of future study. Provides both a comprehensive assessment of the latest research on mathematical problem solving, with special emphasis on its teaching, and an attempt to increase communication across the active disciplines in this area. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Personal Success (The Brian Tracy Success Library) Brian Tracy, 2016-01-06 Where do you want to be in one, three, or five years? Even small adjustments can bring about enormous results to your personal success. Where does that “winning edge” you’ve heard so much about come from? How do some people seem to find success simply from waking up and getting out of bed? World-renowned performance expert Brian Tracy has spent decades studying uncommonly high achievers. Instead of finding commonalities such as Ivy League educations, gold-star connections, and a dash of blind luck, Tracy discovered that the keys to their success were more often small adjustments in outlook and behavior. In this easy-to-follow guide, Tracy lays out a simple, clear plan for anyone to be able to unlock their potential and find the success they previously thought was unattainable for them. In Personal Success, you will learn to: Change your mindset to attract opportunity Banish self-limited beliefs Build your self-confidence Practice courage and taking risks Sharpen your natural intuition Continually upgrade your skills and more! Packed with simple but game-changing techniques, Personal Success is the answer you’ve been searching for to gain that winning edge and turn your dreams into realities. |
| characteristics of problem solving: Independent Classroom Problem-solving Model , 1980 |
188 Examples of Character Traits - Simplicable
Oct 11, 2024 · Character traits are stable behavioral and cognitive traits of an individual. This includes your personality and any sustained behaviors such as habits that you have cultivated. …
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The meaning of CHARACTERISTIC is a distinguishing trait, quality, or property. How to use characteristic in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Characteristic.
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The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make them recognizable.
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Personality traits are multifaceted and varied, contributing to the rich tapestry of human behavior. Let’s delve into some of the most prominent personality traits and explore their significance in …
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strong problem solving focus. The purpose of this book is to contribute to the literature of algorithmic prob-lem solving in two ways. First of all, it tries to fill in some holes in existing …
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tially ‘harsh’ environmental characteristics would affect novel problem-solving performance. However, it is not straightforward to generate predictions because of the few studies to date, …
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The characteristics of successfully solving ill-structured problems are similar to those commonly seen by people with high levels of problem solving skills (Qualification and Curriculum …
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Sep 27, 2011 · The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning • volume 5, no. 2 (Fall 2011) 95-119 Supporting Problem Solving in PBL David Jonassen Abstract Although the …
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Rote Learning, Learning by Taking Advice, Learning in Problem Solving, Learning from Examples - Winston‘s Learning Program, Decision Trees. UNIT - V Expert Systems: Representing and …
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Problem-solving abilities of students with the characteristics of the CS type of thinking solve problems according to what is planned. They check the answers they have done by
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knowledge, and the relationship of CT to cognitive tasks (e.g., judgment and problem solving). The model, however, goes beyond the largely rational/analytic work conducted to date by …
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Human Performance on Insight Problem Solving: A Review
The Journal of Problem Solving • volume 3, no. 2 (Winter 2011) 119 Human Performance on Insight Problem Solving: A Review Yun Chu1 and James N. MacGregor2 Invited Abstract: The …
A Conceptual Framework for Scaffolding Ill-Structured …
Ill-Structured Problem-Solving Processes Using Question Prompts and Peer Interactions 1 Xun GE Susan M. Land We present a conceptual framework for scaffolding ill-structured problem …
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Problem-solver Characteristics 1 - Virginia Tech
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Evaluator verifies that RN demonstrates leadership characteristics (problem-solving, conflict resolution, motivating/inspiring team, positivity/role modeling) as evidenced by direct …
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rative Problem Solving and then enumerated requirements for future datasets to be devised. Problem solving was assumed to be performed in teams of about three, four members, which …
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problem-solving consultation is adapted here to replace the term behavioral, but other terms could be used as well (e.g., solution oriented, ecobehavioral). Many of the problem-solving models …
Mathematical Problem Design to Explore Students’ Critical …
Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) is a problem-solving activity that requires interaction between group members during the problem-solving process. Hagemann & Kluge (2017) state …
Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming in …
CIS 1051 introduces students to computers, computer programming, and problem solving using programs written in the Python language. Topics covered include the general characteristics of …
May 22, 2012 Solving (Nonlinear) First-Order PDEs - Cornell …
2 Method of Characteristics This section sets up the Method of Characteristics exactly as Evans does in his text but gives extra detail in some cases. The method of characteristics is one …
