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| define rigor in education: So What Do They Really Know? Cris Tovani, 2023-10-10 So What Do They Really Know? Cris Tovani explores the complex issue of monitoring, assessing, and grading students' thinking and performance with fairness and fidelity. Like all teachers, Cris struggles to balance her student-centered instruction with school system mandates. Her recommendations are realistic and practical; she understands that what isn't manageable isn't sustainable. Cris describes the systems and structure she uses in her own classroom and shows teachers how to use assessments to monitor student growth and provide targeted feedback that enables students to master content goals. She also shares ways to bring students into the assessment cycle so they can monitor their own learning, maximizing motivation and engagement. So What Do They Really Know? includes a wealth of information: Lessons from Cris's classroomTemplates showing how teachers can use the workshop model to assess and differentiate instructionStudent work, including samples from linguistically diverse learners, struggling readers, and college-bound seniorsAnchor charts of student thinkingIdeas on how to give feedbackGuidelines that explain how conferring is different from monitoringSuggestions for assessing learning and differentiating instruction during conferencesAdvice for managing ongoing assessmentCris's willingness to share her own struggles continues to be a hallmark of her work. Teachers will recognize their own students and the challenges they face as they join Cris on the journey to figure out how to raise student achievement. |
| define rigor in education: What If Everybody Understood Child Development? Rae Pica, 2015-04-01 Understand the connection between how kids grow and how they learn After 35 years as an education consultant, Rae Pica knows the importance of understanding the natural course of child development. In this collection, she keeps kids front and center as she provides thought-provoking commentary and actionable insights on topics such as the Common Core, the self-esteem movement, and standardized testing. Sure to inspire discussion, this pocket-size powerhouse of educational philosophy includes 29 short essays on topics critical to best practice in child development and education Opinions of experts supported by research and anecdotal evidence Real-life stories shared by teachers and parents References to related articles and interviews with experts |
| define rigor in education: Rigor is Not a Four-letter Word Barbara R. Blackburn, 2013 Reader-friendly and practical, Rigor is NOT a Four-Letter Word is filled with tools you can use every day to raise the level of rigor in your classroom. These strategies can be incorporated immediately across content areas, grades, and subjects. Barbara Blackburn clearly defines what rigor is and how individual teachers can provide challenging learning experiences in their classrooms to prepare students for a better future. |
| define rigor in education: How to Plan Rigorous Instruction Robyn Renee Jackson, 2011 Jackson details what great teachers do to ensure students not only pass big tests but also become engaged learners, effective problem solvers, and critical thinkers. |
| define rigor in education: Rigorous PBL by Design Michael McDowell, 2017-03-01 By designing projects that move students from surface to deep and transfer learning through PBL, they will become confident and competent learners. Discover how to make three shifts essential to improving PBL’s overall effect: Clarity: Students should be clear on what they are expected to learn, where they are in the process, and what next steps they need to take to get there. Challenge: Help students move from surface to deep and transfer learning. Culture: Empower them to use that knowledge to make a difference in theirs and the lives of others. |
| define rigor in education: Rigor and Differentiation in the Classroom Barbara R. Blackburn, 2018-06-14 Learn how to differentiate instruction while maintaining a rigorous learning environment. In this practical book, rigor expert Barbara R. Blackburn shows that the differentiated classroom doesn’t mean extra work for top students and easy work for others; instead, you can have high expectations for all students and provide scaffolding so that everyone can reach success. She also addresses many of the greatest concerns teachers have about implementing differentiated instruction, including: How to manage your time so that you can create lessons, find resources, and grade assignments for students working at different levels; How to balance differentiated instruction and teaching standards; How to ensure rigor at all tiers of instruction; How to collaborate with teachers and other faculty members; How to differentiate homework and other out-of-class assignments; How to explain differentiated instruction to parents and families; And more... Each chapter includes practical tools and activities that you can use immediately to bring all students to higher levels of achievement. Many of these tools are available as eResources and can be downloaded for free from the book’s product page: www.routledge.com/9780815394471. |
| define rigor in education: Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain Zaretta Hammond, 2014-11-13 A bold, brain-based teaching approach to culturally responsive instruction To close the achievement gap, diverse classrooms need a proven framework for optimizing student engagement. Culturally responsive instruction has shown promise, but many teachers have struggled with its implementation—until now. In this book, Zaretta Hammond draws on cutting-edge neuroscience research to offer an innovative approach for designing and implementing brain-compatible culturally responsive instruction. The book includes: Information on how one’s culture programs the brain to process data and affects learning relationships Ten “key moves” to build students’ learner operating systems and prepare them to become independent learners Prompts for action and valuable self-reflection |
| define rigor in education: What the Best College Teachers Do Ken Bain, 2011-09-01 What makes a great teacher great? Who are the professors students remember long after graduation? This book, the conclusion of a fifteen-year study of nearly one hundred college teachers in a wide variety of fields and universities, offers valuable answers for all educators. The short answer is—it’s not what teachers do, it’s what they understand. Lesson plans and lecture notes matter less than the special way teachers comprehend the subject and value human learning. Whether historians or physicists, in El Paso or St. Paul, the best teachers know their subjects inside and out—but they also know how to engage and challenge students and to provoke impassioned responses. Most of all, they believe two things fervently: that teaching matters and that students can learn. In stories both humorous and touching, Ken Bain describes examples of ingenuity and compassion, of students’ discoveries of new ideas and the depth of their own potential. What the Best College Teachers Do is a treasure trove of insight and inspiration for first-year teachers and seasoned educators. |
| define rigor in education: Rigorous Schools and Classrooms Ronald Williamson, Barbara Blackburn, 2013-08-16 Turn your school into a student-centered learning environment, where rigor is at the heart of instruction in every classroom. From the bestselling author of Rigor is Not a Four-Letter Word, Barbara Blackburn, and award-winning educator Ronald Williamson, this comprehensive guide to establishing a schoolwide culture of rigor is for principals and other administrators who seek to create the conditions in which rigorous classrooms flourish. School leaders will learn to manage a movement toward increased schoolwide rigor; engage teachers in conversations about improving instruction; build support for rigor among families and community members; learn methods for gathering meaningful data on student learning; and much more! With practical, ready-to-apply strategies, this book outlines and simplifies the steps toward achieving rigor at the school level. It represents a successful program that principals and administrators can use to put student learning first! |
| define rigor in education: Increasing Rigor in the Classroom (Quick Reference Guide) Barbara R. Blackburn, 2018-10-25 Attending to rigor in the classroom means creating an environment in which each student is expected to learn at high levels, each student is supported so he or she can learn at high levels, and each student demonstrates learning at high levels. In this quick reference guide, expert Barbara R. Blackburn covers The 3 components and 10 myths of rigor. 4 characteristics of rigorous assessments. 7 instructional and scaffolding strategies. Tips and steps for increasing rigor in assessments and the classroom. This guide's strategies, examples, and tips will help teachers design rigorous instruction and assessment that advance student achievement. 8.5 x 11 3-panel foldout guide (6 pages), laminated for extra durability and 3-hole-punched for binder storage. |
| define rigor in education: Seven Simple Secrets Annette Breaux, Todd Whitaker, 2014-07-11 Want to know a secret? Regardless of what classroom challenges, standards or initiatives you’re faced with from year to year, there are seven keys to great teaching that never change—and that are often overlooked! In this bestselling book, internationally-acclaimed authors Annette Breaux and Todd Whitaker reveal the seven simple secrets of effective teaching that can be applied in any classroom. Whether you’re a new or experienced teacher, you’ll gain valuable insights on improving instruction, classroom management, discipline, student motivation, and much, much more! This updated Second Edition contains timely topics such as incorporating technology to enhance your lessons and using social media appropriately. Special Features: Easy-to-use format: The book is divided into seven secrets shared by highly effective teachers. Each secret is then divided into seven parts filled with practical information on why the secret matters and how to implement it effectively. Reflection questions: At the end of each section, there are seven questions to help you determine whether you have mastered each secret. Bonus lists: This special new section contains lists on the qualities of effective teaching and why these qualities matter. These lists can be copied and used during book studies, PLC meetings, or staff meetings to provoke thoughtful discussions and enhance teaching and learning. Study guide: A study guide is available to help you extend your learning independently or with colleagues. www.routledge.com/books/details/9781138783621 Companion website: For more inspiring, informative books from Todd and Annette, check out our special site, www.routledge.com/cw/breaux, going live this summer. Throughout the book, you’ll find practical examples and heartfelt advice to encourage you as you implement the seven secrets. As you improve your teaching, you profoundly influence the lives of those who matter most—your students! |
| define rigor in education: Rigor for Students with Special Needs Barbara R. Blackburn, Bradley S. Witzel, 2013-10-08 This practical, easy-to-read guide explains how to raise the rigor for students with special needs so they can achieve higher levels of learning. Learn how to set clear goals and expectations establish a climate of success scaffold and model lessons use graphic organizers and think-alouds apply modifications and accommodations use rigorous questioning strategies differentiate instruction increase family involvement Get even more out of this book by discussing it with others! It’s ideal for study groups and the appendix features a detailed guide on how to make it work for your group! Bonus! You get a great variety of handy black line masters for use in your own classroom. |
| define rigor in education: Academically Adrift Richard Arum, Josipa Roksa, 2011-01-15 In spite of soaring tuition costs, more and more students go to college every year. A bachelor’s degree is now required for entry into a growing number of professions. And some parents begin planning for the expense of sending their kids to college when they’re born. Almost everyone strives to go, but almost no one asks the fundamental question posed by Academically Adrift: are undergraduates really learning anything once they get there? For a large proportion of students, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa’s answer to that question is a definitive no. Their extensive research draws on survey responses, transcript data, and, for the first time, the state-of-the-art Collegiate Learning Assessment, a standardized test administered to students in their first semester and then again at the end of their second year. According to their analysis of more than 2,300 undergraduates at twenty-four institutions, 45 percent of these students demonstrate no significant improvement in a range of skills—including critical thinking, complex reasoning, and writing—during their first two years of college. As troubling as their findings are, Arum and Roksa argue that for many faculty and administrators they will come as no surprise—instead, they are the expected result of a student body distracted by socializing or working and an institutional culture that puts undergraduate learning close to the bottom of the priority list. Academically Adrift holds sobering lessons for students, faculty, administrators, policy makers, and parents—all of whom are implicated in promoting or at least ignoring contemporary campus culture. Higher education faces crises on a number of fronts, but Arum and Roksa’s report that colleges are failing at their most basic mission will demand the attention of us all. |
| define rigor in education: Aspiring Adults Adrift Richard Arum, Josipa Roksa, 2014-09-02 Few books have ever made their presence felt on college campuses—and newspaper opinion pages—as quickly and thoroughly as Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa’s 2011 landmark study of undergraduates’ learning, socialization, and study habits, Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses. From the moment it was published, one thing was clear: no university could afford to ignore its well-documented and disturbing findings about the failings of undergraduate education. Now Arum and Roksa are back, and their new book follows the same cohort of undergraduates through the rest of their college careers and out into the working world. Built on interviews and detailed surveys of almost a thousand recent college graduates from a diverse range of colleges and universities, Aspiring Adults Adrift reveals a generation facing a difficult transition to adulthood. Recent graduates report trouble finding decent jobs and developing stable romantic relationships, as well as assuming civic and financial responsibility—yet at the same time, they remain surprisingly hopeful and upbeat about their prospects. Analyzing these findings in light of students’ performance on standardized tests of general collegiate skills, selectivity of institutions attended, and choice of major, Arum and Roksa not only map out the current state of a generation too often adrift, but enable us to examine the relationship between college experiences and tentative transitions to adulthood. Sure to be widely discussed, Aspiring Adults Adrift will compel us once again to re-examine the aims, approaches, and achievements of higher education. |
| define rigor in education: Rigor and Assessment in the Classroom Barbara R. Blackburn, 2017-02-24 Learn how to assess students in a way that truly impacts learning. In Rigor and Assessment in the Classroom, bestselling author Barbara R. Blackburn provides a broad range of practical strategies for increasing the rigor and usefulness of your formative and summative assessments. You’ll discover how to... Create an environment where students are expected to learn at high levels; Evaluate and check student learning in a way that ensures growth; Strengthen the validity and reliability of your assessments; Plan assessments in conjunction with planning the instruction; Differentiate assessments to increase the rigor for all students; Enhance the effectiveness of your grading system and feedback; Use performance-based assessment to enhance rigor; and Design clear, reader-friendly rubrics and scoring guides. Each chapter includes ready-to-use tools, examples across the subject areas, and Think About It questions to help you reflect on what you’ve read. Many of the tools are also offered as free eResources at www.routledge.com/9781138936140, so you can easily print and distribute them for classroom use. |
| define rigor in education: Fair Isn't Always Equal Rick Wormeli, 2006 Differentiated instruction is a nice idea, but what happens when it comes to assessing and grading students? What's both fair and leads to real student learning? Fair Isn't Always Equal answers that question and much more. Rick Wormeli offers the latest research and common sense thinking that teachers and administrators seek when it comes to assessment and grading in differentiated classes. Filled with real examples and gray areas that middle and high school educators will easily recognize, Rick tackles important and sometimes controversial assessment and grading issues constructively. The book covers high-level concepts, ranging from rationale for differentiating assessment and grading to understanding mastery as well as the nitty-gritty details of grading and assessment, such as: whether to incorporate effort, attendance, and behavior into academic grades;whether to grade homework;setting up grade books and report cards to reflect differentiated practices;principles of successful assessment;how to create useful and fair test questions, including how to grade such prompts efficiently;whether to allow students to re-do assessments for full credit. This thorough and practical guide also includes a special section for teacher leaders that explores ways to support colleagues as they move toward successful assessment and grading practices for differentiated classrooms. |
| define rigor in education: Beyond Conversation William Duffy, 2021-01-04 Collaboration was an important area of study in writing for many years, but interest faded as scholars began to assume that those working within writing studies already “got it.” In Beyond Conversation, William Duffy revives the topic and connects it to the growing interest in collaboration within digital and materialist rhetoric to demonstrate that not only do the theory, pedagogy, and practice of collaboration need more study but there is also much to be learned from the doing of collaboration. While interrogating the institutional politics that circulate around debates about collaboration, this book offers a concise history of collaborative writing theory while proposing a new set of commonplaces for understanding the labor of coauthorship. Specifically, Beyond Conversation outlines an interactionist theory that explains collaboration as the rhetorical capacity that manifests in the discursive engagements coauthors enter into with the objects of their writing. Drawing on new materialist philosophies, post-qualitative inquiry, and interactionist rhetorical theory, Beyond Conversation challenges writing and literacy educators to recognize the pedagogical benefits of collaborative writing in the work they do both as writers and as teachers of writing. The book will reinvigorate how teachers, scholars, and administrators advocate for the importance of collaborative writing in their work. |
| define rigor in education: In Defense of a Liberal Education Fareed Zakaria, 2015-03-30 CNN host and best-selling author Fareed Zakaria argues for a renewed commitment to the world’s most valuable educational tradition. The liberal arts are under attack. The governors of Florida, Texas, and North Carolina have all pledged that they will not spend taxpayer money subsidizing the liberal arts, and they seem to have an unlikely ally in President Obama. While at a General Electric plant in early 2014, Obama remarked, I promise you, folks can make a lot more, potentially, with skilled manufacturing or the trades than they might with an art history degree. These messages are hitting home: majors like English and history, once very popular and highly respected, are in steep decline. I get it, writes Fareed Zakaria, recalling the atmosphere in India where he grew up, which was even more obsessed with getting a skills-based education. However, the CNN host and best-selling author explains why this widely held view is mistaken and shortsighted. Zakaria eloquently expounds on the virtues of a liberal arts education—how to write clearly, how to express yourself convincingly, and how to think analytically. He turns our leaders' vocational argument on its head. American routine manufacturing jobs continue to get automated or outsourced, and specific vocational knowledge is often outdated within a few years. Engineering is a great profession, but key value-added skills you will also need are creativity, lateral thinking, design, communication, storytelling, and, more than anything, the ability to continually learn and enjoy learning—precisely the gifts of a liberal education. Zakaria argues that technology is transforming education, opening up access to the best courses and classes in a vast variety of subjects for millions around the world. We are at the dawn of the greatest expansion of the idea of a liberal education in human history. |
| define rigor in education: The Differentiated Classroom Carol Ann Tomlinson, 2014-05-25 Although much has changed in schools in recent years, the power of differentiated instruction remains the same—and the need for it has only increased. Today's classroom is more diverse, more inclusive, and more plugged into technology than ever before. And it's led by teachers under enormous pressure to help decidedly unstandardized students meet an expanding set of rigorous, standardized learning targets. In this updated second edition of her best-selling classic work, Carol Ann Tomlinson offers these teachers a powerful and practical way to meet a challenge that is both very modern and completely timeless: how to divide their time, resources, and efforts to effectively instruct so many students of various backgrounds, readiness and skill levels, and interests. With a perspective informed by advances in research and deepened by more than 15 years of implementation feedback in all types of schools, Tomlinson explains the theoretical basis of differentiated instruction, explores the variables of curriculum and learning environment, shares dozens of instructional strategies, and then goes inside elementary and secondary classrooms in nearly all subject areas to illustrate how real teachers are applying differentiation principles and strategies to respond to the needs of all learners. This book's insightful guidance on what to differentiate, how to differentiate, and why lays the groundwork for bringing differentiated instruction into your own classroom or refining the work you already do to help each of your wonderfully unique learners move toward greater knowledge, more advanced skills, and expanded understanding. Today more than ever, The Differentiated Classroom is a must-have staple for every teacher's shelf and every school's professional development collection. |
| define rigor in education: In Search of Deeper Learning Jal Mehta, Sarah Fine, 2019-04-22 The best book on high school dynamics I have ever read.--Jay Mathews, Washington Post An award-winning professor and an accomplished educator take us beyond the hype of reform and inside some of America's most innovative classrooms to show what is working--and what isn't--in our schools. What would it take to transform industrial-era schools into modern organizations capable of supporting deep learning for all? Jal Mehta and Sarah Fine's quest to answer this question took them inside some of America's most innovative schools and classrooms--places where educators are rethinking both what and how students should learn. The story they tell is alternately discouraging and hopeful. Drawing on hundreds of hours of observations and interviews at thirty different schools, Mehta and Fine reveal that deeper learning is more often the exception than the rule. And yet they find pockets of powerful learning at almost every school, often in electives and extracurriculars as well as in a few mold-breaking academic courses. These spaces achieve depth, the authors argue, because they emphasize purpose and choice, cultivate community, and draw on powerful traditions of apprenticeship. These outliers suggest that it is difficult but possible for schools and classrooms to achieve the integrations that support deep learning: rigor with joy, precision with play, mastery with identity and creativity. This boldly humanistic book offers a rich account of what education can be. The first panoramic study of American public high schools since the 1980s, In Search of Deeper Learning lays out a new vision for American education--one that will set the agenda for schools of the future. |
| define rigor in education: The Understanding by Design Guide to Creating High-Quality Units Grant Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2011-03-11 The Understanding by Design Guide to Creating High-Quality Units offers instructional modules on the basic concepts and elements of Understanding by Design (UbD), the backward design approach used by thousands of educators to create curriculum units and assessments that focus on developing students' understanding of important ideas. The eight modules are organized around the UbD Template Version 2.0 and feature components similar to what is typically provided in a UbD design workshop, including— * Discussion and explanation of key ideas in the module; * Guiding exercises, worksheets, and design tips; * Examples of unit designs; * Review criteria with prompts for self-assessment; and * A list of resources for further information. This guide is intended for K-16 educators—either individuals or groups—who may have received some training in UbD and want to continue their work independently; those who've read Understanding by Design and want to design curriculum units but have no access to formal training; graduate and undergraduate students in university curriculum courses; and school and district administrators, curriculum directors, and others who facilitate UbD work with staff. Users can go through the modules in sequence or skip around, depending on their previous experience with UbD and their preferred curriculum design style or approach. Unit creation, planning, and adaptation are easier than ever with the accompanying downloadable resources, including the UbD template set up as a fillable PDF form, additional worksheets, examples, and FAQs about the module topics that speak to UbD novices and veterans alike. |
| define rigor in education: Now That's a Good Question! Erik M. Francis, 2016-07-22 In this book, Erik M. Francis explores how one of the most fundamental instructional strategies—questioning—can provide the proper scaffolding to deepen student thinking, understanding, and application of knowledge. You’ll learn: *Techniques for using questioning to extend and evaluate student learning experiences. *Eight different kinds of questions that challenge students to demonstrate higher-order thinking and communicate depth of knowledge. *How to rephrase the performance objectives of college and career readiness standards into questions that engage and challenge students. Francis offers myriad examples of good questions across content areas and grade levels, as well as structures to help teachers create and use the different kinds of questions. By using this book to fine-tune your approach to questioning, you can awaken the spirit of inquiry in your classroom and help students deepen their knowledge, understanding, and ability to communicate what they think and know. |
| define rigor in education: Driven by Data Paul Bambrick-Santoyo, 2010-04-12 Offers a practical guide for improving schools dramatically that will enable all students from all backgrounds to achieve at high levels. Includes assessment forms, an index, and a DVD. |
| define rigor in education: The Global Achievement Gap Tony Wagner, 2014-03-11 Despite the best efforts of educators, our nation's schools are dangerously obsolete. Instead of teaching students to be critical thinkers and problem-solvers, we are asking them to memorize facts for multiple choice tests. This problem isn't limited to low-income school districts: even our top schools aren't teaching or testing the skills that matter most in the global knowledge economy. Our teens leave school equipped to work only in the kinds of jobs that are fast disappearing from the American economy. Meanwhile, young adults in India and China are competing with our students for the most sought-after careers around the world. Education expert Tony Wagner has conducted scores of interviews with business leaders and observed hundreds of classes in some of the nation's most highly regarded public schools. He discovered a profound disconnect between what potential employers are looking for in young people today (critical thinking skills, creativity, and effective communication) and what our schools are providing (passive learning environments and uninspired lesson plans that focus on test preparation and reward memorization). He explains how every American can work to overhaul our education system, and he shows us examples of dramatically different schools that teach all students new skills. In addition, through interviews with college graduates and people who work with them, Wagner discovers how teachers, parents, and employers can motivate the &net; generation to excellence. An education manifesto for the twenty-first century, The Global Achievement Gap is provocative and inspiring. It is essential reading for parents, educators, business leaders, policy-makers, and anyone interested in seeing our young people succeed as employees and citizens. For additional information about the author and the book, please go to a href=http://www.schoolchange.orgwww.schoolchange.org |
| define rigor in education: Get Better Faster Paul Bambrick-Santoyo, 2016-07-25 Effective and practical coaching strategies for new educators plus valuable online coaching tools Many teachers are only observed one or two times per year on average—and, even among those who are observed, scarcely any are given feedback as to how they could improve. The bottom line is clear: teachers do not need to be evaluated so much as they need to be developed and coached. In Get Better Faster: A 90-Day Plan for Coaching New Teachers, Paul Bambrick-Santoyo shares instructive tools of how school leaders can effectively guide new teachers to success. Over the course of the book, he breaks down the most critical actions leaders and teachers must take to achieve exemplary results. Designed for coaches as well as beginning teachers, Get Better Faster is an integral coaching tool for any school leader eager to help their teachers succeed. Get Better Faster focuses on what's practical and actionable which makes the book's approach to coaching so effective. By practicing the concrete actions and micro-skills listed in Get Better Faster, teachers will markedly improve their ability to lead a class, producing a steady chain reaction of future teaching success. Though focused heavily on the first 90 days of teacher development, it's possible to implement this work at any time. Junior and experienced teachers alike can benefit from the guidance of Get Better Faster while at the same time closing existing instructional gaps. Featuring valuable and practical online training tools available at http://www.wiley.com/go/getbetterfaster, Get Better Faster provides agendas, presentation slides, a coach's guide, handouts, planning templates, and 35 video clips of real teachers at work to help other educators apply the lessons learned in their own classrooms. Get Better Faster will teach you: The core principles of coaching: Go Granular; Plan, Practice, Follow Up, Repeat; Make Feedback More Frequent Top action steps to launch a teacher’s development in an easy-to-read scope and sequence guide It also walks you through the four phases of skill building: Phase 1 (Pre-Teaching): Dress Rehearsal Phase 2: Instant Immersion Phase 3: Getting into Gear Phase 4: The Power of Discourse Perfect for new educators and those who supervise them, Get Better Faster will also earn a place in the libraries of veteran teachers and school administrators seeking a one-stop coaching resource. |
| define rigor in education: Rigor of Beauty Ian D. Copestake, 2004 William Carlos Williams is widely acknowledged to be among the most important American poets of the twentieth century. This collection includes sixteen new essays from many of the world's leading authorities on Williams, and is published to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of his death in 1963. The volume contains fresh assessments of the nature and extent of Williams's profound and enduring impact on contemporary American poetic traditions, while providing a platform for appraising the neglected achievement of Williams as a writer of fiction and short stories. In doing so these and other essays highlight the nature and importance of Williams's relationship to working class life in twentieth-century America. Additionally, the volume groups together studies focusing on the enduring legacy of Williams's long poem, Paterson, and essays which revise Williams's perceived neglect of African-American and Native-American culture and history. |
| define rigor in education: The Leader in Me Stephen R. Covey, 2012-12-11 Children in today's world are inundated with information about who to be, what to do and how to live. But what if there was a way to teach children how to manage priorities, focus on goals and be a positive influence on the world around them? The Leader in Meis that programme. It's based on a hugely successful initiative carried out at the A.B. Combs Elementary School in North Carolina. To hear the parents of A. B Combs talk about the school is to be amazed. In 1999, the school debuted a programme that taught The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Peopleto a pilot group of students. The parents reported an incredible change in their children, who blossomed under the programme. By the end of the following year the average end-of-grade scores had leapt from 84 to 94. This book will launch the message onto a much larger platform. Stephen R. Covey takes the 7 Habits, that have already changed the lives of millions of people, and shows how children can use them as they develop. Those habits -- be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first things first, think win-win, seek to understand and then to be understood, synergize, and sharpen the saw -- are critical skills to learn at a young age and bring incredible results, proving that it's never too early to teach someone how to live well. |
| define rigor in education: Understanding Rigor in the Classroom Robert Marzano, 2019-05-31 Robert J Marzano has spent over 50 years working in, and revolutionizing, education research and observation. Now in Understanding Rigor in the Classroom, Marzano brings that experience and expertise to one of the most complicated questions in education: what is rigor, and how can I use it to improve my student's learning? Marzano cuts through the noise to define rigor upfront on page one, breaking the concept down to its most essential goals: Rigor is the discerning of new relationships between topics and new distinctions within topics, and discerning new distinctions about oneself as a learner; these distinctions are discovered differently in Declarative and Procedural knowledge, and with different levels of student familiarity with the topic. Marzano goes in-depth in analyzing each learning situation, exploring specific activities, tasks, and strategies to increase rigor that utilize cognitive analysis processes, habits of mind, and project-based learning. |
| define rigor in education: Understanding by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2005 What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike. |
| define rigor in education: Grit Angela Duckworth, 2016-05-03 In this instant New York Times bestseller, Angela Duckworth shows anyone striving to succeed that the secret to outstanding achievement is not talent, but a special blend of passion and persistence she calls “grit.” “Inspiration for non-geniuses everywhere” (People). The daughter of a scientist who frequently noted her lack of “genius,” Angela Duckworth is now a celebrated researcher and professor. It was her early eye-opening stints in teaching, business consulting, and neuroscience that led to her hypothesis about what really drives success: not genius, but a unique combination of passion and long-term perseverance. In Grit, she takes us into the field to visit cadets struggling through their first days at West Point, teachers working in some of the toughest schools, and young finalists in the National Spelling Bee. She also mines fascinating insights from history and shows what can be gleaned from modern experiments in peak performance. Finally, she shares what she’s learned from interviewing dozens of high achievers—from JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon to New Yorker cartoon editor Bob Mankoff to Seattle Seahawks Coach Pete Carroll. “Duckworth’s ideas about the cultivation of tenacity have clearly changed some lives for the better” (The New York Times Book Review). Among Grit’s most valuable insights: any effort you make ultimately counts twice toward your goal; grit can be learned, regardless of IQ or circumstances; when it comes to child-rearing, neither a warm embrace nor high standards will work by themselves; how to trigger lifelong interest; the magic of the Hard Thing Rule; and so much more. Winningly personal, insightful, and even life-changing, Grit is a book about what goes through your head when you fall down, and how that—not talent or luck—makes all the difference. This is “a fascinating tour of the psychological research on success” (The Wall Street Journal). |
| define rigor in education: Teach Like a Champion 2.0 Doug Lemov, 2015-01-12 One of the most influential teaching guides ever—updated! Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a complete update to the international bestseller. This teaching guide is a must-have for new and experienced teachers alike. Over 1.3 million teachers around the world already know how the techniques in this book turn educators into classroom champions. With ideas for everything from boosting academic rigor, to improving classroom management, and inspiring student engagement, you will be able to strengthen your teaching practice right away. The first edition of Teach Like a Champion influenced thousands of educators because author Doug Lemov's teaching strategies are simple and powerful. Now, updated techniques and tools make it even easier to put students on the path to college readiness. Here are just a few of the brand new resources available in the 2.0 edition: Over 70 new video clips of real teachers modeling the techniques in the classroom (note: for online access of this content, please visit my.teachlikeachampion.com) A selection of never before seen techniques inspired by top teachers around the world Brand new structure emphasizing the most important techniques and step by step teaching guidelines Updated content reflecting the latest best practices from outstanding educators Organized by category and technique, the book’s structure enables you to read start to finish, or dip in anywhere for the specific challenge you’re seeking to address. With examples from outstanding teachers, videos, and additional, continuously updated resources at teachlikeachampion.com, you will soon be teaching like a champion. The classroom techniques you'll learn in this book can be adapted to suit any context. Find out why Teach Like a Champion is a teaching Bible for so many educators worldwide. |
| define rigor in education: Ambitious Science Teaching Mark Windschitl, Jessica Thompson, Melissa Braaten, 2020-08-05 2018 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Ambitious Science Teaching outlines a powerful framework for science teaching to ensure that instruction is rigorous and equitable for students from all backgrounds. The practices presented in the book are being used in schools and districts that seek to improve science teaching at scale, and a wide range of science subjects and grade levels are represented. The book is organized around four sets of core teaching practices: planning for engagement with big ideas; eliciting student thinking; supporting changes in students’ thinking; and drawing together evidence-based explanations. Discussion of each practice includes tools and routines that teachers can use to support students’ participation, transcripts of actual student-teacher dialogue and descriptions of teachers’ thinking as it unfolds, and examples of student work. The book also provides explicit guidance for “opportunity to learn” strategies that can help scaffold the participation of diverse students. Since the success of these practices depends so heavily on discourse among students, Ambitious Science Teaching includes chapters on productive classroom talk. Science-specific skills such as modeling and scientific argument are also covered. Drawing on the emerging research on core teaching practices and their extensive work with preservice and in-service teachers, Ambitious Science Teaching presents a coherent and aligned set of resources for educators striving to meet the considerable challenges that have been set for them. |
| define rigor in education: Loving Learning: How Progressive Education Can Save America's Schools Tom Little, Katherine Ellison, 2015-03-02 Noted educator Tom Little and Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Katherine Ellison reveal the home-grown solution to turning American students into life-long learners. The longtime head of Park Day School, Tom Little embarked on a tour of 43 progressive schools across the country. In this book, his life’s work, he interweaves his teaching experience, the knowledge he gleaned from his trip, and the history of Progressive Education. As Little and Katherine Ellison reveal, these educators and schools invigorate learning and promote inquisitiveness by allowing the curriculum to grow organically out of children's questions—whether they lead to studying the senses, working on a farm, or re-creating a desert ecosystem in the classroom. We see curious students draw on information across disciplines to think in imaginative yet practical ways, like in a Mini-Maker Faire or designing and building a chair from scratch. Becoming good citizens was another of Little's goals. He believed in the need for students to learn how to become advocates for themselves, from setting rules on the playground to engaging in issues of social justice in the wider community. Using the philosophy of Progressive Education, schools can prepare students to shape a vibrant future in the arts and sciences for themselves and the nation. |
| define rigor in education: Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Teaching and Learning (Second Edition) Sharroky Hollie, 2017-07-15 Written to address all grade levels, this K-12 classroom resource provides teachers with strategies to support their culturally and linguistically diverse students. This highly readable book by Dr. Sharroky Hollie explores the pedagogy of culturally responsive teaching, and includes tips, techniques, and activities that are easy to implement in today's classrooms. Both novice and seasoned educators will benefit from the helpful strategies described in this resource to improve the following five key areas: classroom management, academic literacy, academic vocabulary, academic language, and learning environment. Grounded in the latest research, this second edition includes an updated reference section and resources for further reading. |
| define rigor in education: Poor Economics Abhijit V. Banerjee, Esther Duflo, 2012-03-27 The winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics upend the most common assumptions about how economics works in this gripping and disruptive portrait of how poor people actually live. Why do the poor borrow to save? Why do they miss out on free life-saving immunizations, but pay for unnecessary drugs? In Poor Economics, Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo, two award-winning MIT professors, answer these questions based on years of field research from around the world. Called marvelous, rewarding by the Wall Street Journal, the book offers a radical rethinking of the economics of poverty and an intimate view of life on 99 cents a day. Poor Economics shows that creating a world without poverty begins with understanding the daily decisions facing the poor. |
| define rigor in education: Digital Portfolios in the Classroom Matt Renwick, 2017-08-31 Assessment is messy. Day-to-day, in-the-moment assessments not only reveal information that drives future instruction but also offer a comprehensive picture of students’ abilities and dispositions toward learning. As teachers, we might know what this looks and feels like, yet it can be hard to put into action—hence the messiness. Say hello to digital student portfolios—dynamic, digital collections of authentic information from different media, in many forms, and with multiple purposes. Using digital portfolios to capture student thinking and progress allows us to better see our students as readers, writers, and learners—and help students see themselves in the same way! Matt Renwick’s Digital Portfolios in the Classroom is a guide to help teachers sort through, capture, and make sense of the messiness associated with assessment. By shining a spotlight on three types of student portfolios—performance, process, and progress—and how they can be used to assess student work, Renwick helps educators navigate the maze of digital tools and implement the results to drive instruction. |
| define rigor in education: First Principles of Instruction M. David Merrill, 2012-10-06 This handy resource describes and illustrates the concepts underlying the “First Principles of Instruction” and illustrates First Principles and their application in a wide variety of instructional products. The book introduces the e3 Course Critique Checklist that can be used to evaluate existing instructional product. It also provides directions for applying this checklist and illustrates its use for a variety of different kinds of courses. The Author has also developed a Pebble-in-the-Pond instructional design model with an accompanying e3 ID Checklist. This checklist enables instructional designers to design and develop instructional products that more adequately implement First Principles of Instruction. |
| define rigor in education: Critical Digital Pedagogy Jesse Stommel, Chris Friend, Sean Michael Morris, 2020-07-17 The work of teachers is not just to teach. We are also responsible for the basic needs of students. Helping students eat and live, and also helping them find the tools they need to reflect on the present moment. This is exactly in keeping with Paulo Freire's insistence that critical pedagogy be focused on helping students read their world; but more and more, we must together reckon with that world. Teaching must be an act of imagination, hope, and possibility. Education must be a practice done with hearts as much as heads, with hands as much as books. Care has to be at the center of this work.For the past ten years, Hybrid Pedagogy has worked to help craft a theory of teaching and learning in and around digital spaces, not by imagining what that work might look like, but by doing, asking after, changing, and doing again. Since 2011, Hybrid Pedagogy has published over 400 articles from more than 200 authors focused in and around the emerging field of critical digital pedagogy. A selection of those articles are gathered here. This is the first peer-reviewed publication centered on the theory and practice of critical digital pedagogy. The collection represents a wide cross-section of both academic and non-academic culture and features articles by women, Black people, indigenous people, Chicanx and Latinx writers, disabled people, queer people, and other underrepresented populations. The goal is to provide evidence for the extraordinary work being done by teachers, librarians, instructional designers, graduate students, technologists, and more - work which advances the study and the praxis of critical digital pedagogy. |
| define rigor in education: Clarity for Learning John Almarode, Kara Vandas, 2018-10-24 An essential resource for student and teacher clarity With the ever-changing landscape of education, teachers and leaders often find themselves searching for clarity in a sea of standards, curriculum resources, and competing priorities. Clarity for Learning offers a simple and doable approach to developing clarity and sharing it with students through five essential components: crafting learning intentions and success criteria co-constructing learning intentions and success criteria with learners creating opportunities for students to respond effective feedback on and for learning students and teachers sharing learning and progress The book is full of examples from teachers and leaders who have shared their journey, struggles, and successes for readers to use to propel their own work forward. |
| define rigor in education: Creating Great Schools Phillip C. Schlechty, 2005-02-21 Helping educational leaders sustain continuous innovation and improvement in schools, this text presents a framework for understanding the norms, behaviours and structures that make school systems so intractable to change. |
Rigor Definition - The Glossary of Education Reform
Dec 29, 2014 · The term rigor is widely used by educators to describe instruction, schoolwork, learning experiences, and educational expectations that are …
Explaining Rigor to Students - Edutopia
Jun 15, 2023 · Circling back to students’ understanding of rigor, one way to define it is the balance of surface, deep, and transfer learning. That is, rigor is about ensuring …
What Does Rigor in the Classroom Look Like? - The Teachers Academy
Jul 9, 2020 · That sounds pretty simple, but in practice, cultivating rigor in the classroom takes a great deal of investigation and planning — along with creativity, flexibility, …
Understanding Rigor in Education: Key Concepts Explained
Jan 18, 2025 · Rigor, in the context of education, refers to the high standards, challenge, and complexity that students are exposed to in their learning experiences. …
Academic Rigor: A Comprehensive Definition - Q…
Sep 12, 2019 · Discussions of academic rigor assume that the purpose of obtaining a higher education is to advance student learning, and academic rigor is a …
PENNSYLVANIA Common Core State Standards: Rigor
2. Define “cognitive rigor” as it relates to instruction, learning and/or assessment. 3. Define “relevance” as it relates to instruction, learning and/or assessment.. Optional: On a sheet of …
Rigor in the Math Classroom - northmsec.com
rigor of MS CCR Mathematics Standards. Describe the three types of rigor. Define “rigor” as it relates to math instruction and assessment. Session Goals *The inclusion of resources and/or …
EMBEDDING INNOVATION AND ACADEMIC RIGOR IN DNP …
RIGOR & INNOVATION FIT •Innovation- discipline that methodically analyzes areas of opportunity, it is purposeful & focused (Drucker, 1985) •Innovation is a rigorous process that …
Research rigor and the gap between academic journals and …
Keywords: Academic, Research, Rigor, Relevance, Business, Practitioner, Research-practice gap 1. Introduction There is much criticism of the disconnection between the research activity of …
Are College Rankings An Indicator of Quality Education?
excellent education, only that their graduates’ educations are deemed superior to that obtained by ... schools raises doubts about the rigor of the instruction provided. The success of those …
Competency-Based Learning: Definitions, Policies, and …
especially information on how states and districts define the reform and on challenges to implementation and needed supports for successful implementation. Data for this study ...
NATIONAL REGISTRY OF EMTs RESEARCH KEY INITIATIVE
Helps define rigor of evidence through guideline development, priority of evidence adoption in examinations, and analysis of examination outcome trends. What You Need To Know The …
Standards Alignment to Curriculum and Assessment - ed
participants will be able to define alignment and explain why it is important, explain how to “unpack” a standard to understand its content, and use an assessment blueprint to document …
What Is Rigor? - Solution Tree
rigor at all levels. together they visited classrooms, individually ranking them for rigor and then discussing their results. no one agreed. educators do not have a common understanding of …
RIGOR - WestEd
Rigor For the purpose of this series of modules, rigor is the cognitive complexity of a skill within a standard or of an assessment item. An assessment has “an appropriate level of rigor” if it …
Cognitive Rigor: Blending the Strengths of Bloom's Taxonomy …
knowledge — cognitive rigor — forms a comprehensive structure for defining rigor, thus posing a wide range of uses at all levels of curriculum development and delivery. 1 Karin K. Hess is a …
Levels Of Rigor In Education (book) - admissions.piedmont.edu
Dec 14, 2023 · Levels Of Rigor In Education: Rigor is Not a Four-letter Word Barbara R. Blackburn,2013 Reader friendly and practical Rigor is NOT a Four Letter Word is filled with …
Levels Of Rigor In Education - advocacy.ccrjustice.org
Levels Of Rigor In Education Robert Marzano Rigor is Not a Four-letter Word Barbara R. Blackburn,2013 Reader-friendly and practical, Rigor is NOT a Four-Letter ... Marzano cuts …
Evaluating an Adaptive Equity-Oriented Pedagogy: A Study of …
A Study of its Impacts in Higher Education Andrew Estrada Phuong1a, Judy Nguyenb, and Dena Mariea aUniversity of California, at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 ... We define rigor in two …
Rigorous Learning for All Students - EdTrust
high-rigor curriculum; schools use time effectively to maximize adult and student learning; and students are placed in challenging, ... We define curriculum as the content students learn, …
IPPAS Evaluation Procedures 2023 - 2024
The Florida Department of Education and the Brevard School Board must approve educator evaluation systems annually to ensure alignment with Florida Educator Accomplished …
NATIONAL REGISTRY OF EMTs RESEARCH KEY INITIATIVE
Helps define rigor of evidence through guideline development, priority of evidence adoption in examinations, and analysis of examination outcome trends. What You Need To Know The …
©2009 National Council for the Social Studies Authentic …
that provide guidelines for an education that extends beyond basic skills to more complex academic work. Of course, we do not expect children to achieve the same level of mastery …
Rigorous Schools and Classrooms
The discussion about rigor is not new. Ever since the release of A Nation at Risk (1983) the debate about the ... Education Partnerships, Inc., provides this article as a service to educators …
Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Education: Psychology’s …
Education is the first of several objectives of this veterans organization, founded in my home state by an Army veteran medical doctor, Dr. Hector P. Garcia, who encountered and witnessed …
chimes - resources.finalsite.net
Rigor We define rigor not as “more” but as “better.” Rigor is a means . of enhancing students’ critical thinking and problem-solving . abilities. Rigorous instruction involves challenging …
Making Sense of Methods and Measurement: Rigor in …
Rigor can be defined as the criteria for trustworthiness of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Rigor in qualitative research can be very loosely compared with reliability and …
Review of the Literature on Children with Special …
Bahrain and Egypt signed an agreement in 1991 to deal with the Principles underpinning of special education policy ( ElZein,2009). The Arab countries began for providing the needs and …
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assessment with Rigor/ Relevance Framework Key Questions for Leadership Teams: • How do we define rigor and relevance? • What do rigor and relevance look like? • What are our …
Understanding Parental Involvement - Murray State University
Childhood Education advisor and professor at Hopkinsville Community College. She has guided me throughout my education at Hopkinsville Community College and Murray State University. …
EDUCATION BEYOND THE RHETORIC: MAKING “RIGOR” …
education is a major element: in fact, it’s a better predictor of bachelor’s degree attainment than any other social factor, including income or race.6 Even with this information, however, …
DEFINING RIGOR IN HIGH SCHOOL - LEADright
A rigor agenda requires commitment to a common outcome –all students are well prepared for post-secondary education, career and civic life. Simply stated, the purpose of efforts to …
Higher Education Admission Recommendations - University …
2 Higher Education Admission Recommendations Course grades, academic rigor (taking advanced classes if offered), leadership experience (sustained involvement and commitment to …
Progressivism, traditionalism, and special education
education confuses excellence with rigor, and insists that harder material is better. Students are expected to passively absorb vast amounts of information at a time, with no emphasis on or …
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which multiple scholars and organizations have attempted to define and has been attributed with strengthening the links between K-12 and higher education. Some of the individual attributes …
Educating for Intellectual Virtues: From Theory to Practice
rigor, and intellectual honesty. 1. I argue that education should aim at fostering growth in these traits and provide some indication of what it might look to educate in this way. I begin with a …
Focus, Coherence, and Rigor in McGraw-Hill My Math
Rigor—To help students meet the expectations of the CCSSM, educators need to pursue with equal intensity three aspects of rigor in the major work of each grade: conceptual …
International Journal of Research in Education Humanities …
the synergies and tensions that define the educational experience. From the pressures of peer influence to the nuances of ethical decision-making, this investigation, delves into the …
Career and Technical Education (CTE) Standards
education that provided job training and non-coherent elective courses, CTE is now academically rigorous and coherent, and prepares students for careers. ... and their corresponding Career …
Levels Of Rigor In Education Copy - offsite.creighton.edu
Levels Of Rigor In Education Rigor is Not a Four-letter Word Barbara R. Blackburn,2013 Reader friendly and practical Rigor is NOT a Four Letter Word is filled with tools you can use every day …
Guidelines for Bloom’s Taxonomy Usage For Instructional …
OBU promotes an ascending scale of rigor for courses as the student progresses from introductory level courses to the most advanced courses in respective degree programs, and …
Framework Overview - AVID
∙ Insist on Rigor — Educators provide learning experiences in which every student is challenged, engaged, and develops a greater ownership of their learning through increasingly complex …
Online Seminar on Undergraduate Mathematics Education
In mathematics, rigor is both a practice and a value. However, the term isn't exclusive to our field. How in the growing field of data science can we define rigor? What are the implications for the …
Approximation and Scaffolding in Modern Band - MusicWill
the field of education and research that its meaning and significance have become unclear.10 With this in mind, Brownfield and Wilkinson offer a definition of scaf-folding that focuses on …
PENNSYLVANIA Common Core State Standards: Rigor
2. Define “cognitive rigor” as it relates to instruction, learning and/or assessment. 3. Define “relevance” as it relates to instruction, learning and/or assessment.. Optional: On a sheet of …
Putting DOK into Practice with Hess’ Cognitive Rigor Matrix
Consortium on Reaching Excellence in Education® | www.corelearn.com | 888.249.6155 Webb’s Depth of Knowledge with Descriptions from Hess’ Cognitive Rigor Matrix Understand Apply …
Middle School (Grades 6-8) Physical Education Curriculum …
Middle School Physical Education Curriculum Guide How to use this document: This curriculum guide is not… A lock-step instructional guide detailing exactly when and how you teach. Meant …
Levels Of Rigor In Education - advocacy.ccrjustice.org
Levels Of Rigor In Education John Antonetti,Terri Stice Understanding Rigor in the Classroom Robert Marzano,2019-05-31 Robert J Marzano has spent over 50 years ... Marzano cuts …
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education policy planning. Without natural resources, ... and rigor in deliberation about holistic development. 2. Design educational infrastructure: Design educational infrastructure to support …
D I 1322.35, VOLUME - Executive Services Directorate
2.2. DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR FORCE EDUCATION AND TRAINING (DASD(FE&T)). Under the authority, direction, and control of the ASD(R), the …
College can still be rigorous without a lot of homework
In education, academic rigor tends to be defined in two different ways: as a workload that is demanding and difficult or as learning experiences that challenge and support students to think …
How Do Faculty Define and Enact Rigor in the Dual …
rary theories of academic rigor with literature on the hidden curriculum, the study asked how DC instructors dene rigor and enact it in practice. Findings illustrate that DC faculty oered …
Exploring Types of Educational Action Research: Implications …
Dec 21, 2007 · We suggest that rigor can be ensured by reconceptualizing validity as contingent on the mode of research being used. Origins and foundations of educational action research …
UC Merced - eScholarship
Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 20(6) ISSN 2158-3595 Publication Date 2020-10-04 DOI 10.33423/jhetp.v20i6.3136 ... Let us begin with the narratives we tell about …
Instructional Rigor Online: Staying on the Path of Student …
Education, Division of Career and Adult Education for the provision of state leadership professional development activities. ... We define rigor as being present in a course when …
