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| deductive reasoning in math: Math Mind Benders Warm-Up 2 Anita E. Harnadek, 1990-01-01 |
| deductive reasoning in math: Discovering Geometry Michael Serra, Key Curriculum Press Staff, 2003-03-01 |
| deductive reasoning in math: Philosophy of Mathematics and Deductive Structure in Euclid's Elements Ian Mueller, 2006 A survey of Euclid's Elements, this text provides an understanding of the classical Greek conception of mathematics and its similarities to modern views as well as its differences. It focuses on philosophical, foundational, and logical questions -- rather than focusing strictly on historical and mathematical issues -- and features several helpful appendixes. |
| deductive reasoning in math: The Argument of Mathematics Andrew Aberdein, Ian J Dove, 2013-07-01 Written by experts in the field, this volume presents a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between argumentation theory and the philosophy of mathematical practice. Argumentation theory studies reasoning and argument, and especially those aspects not addressed, or not addressed well, by formal deduction. The philosophy of mathematical practice diverges from mainstream philosophy of mathematics in the emphasis it places on what the majority of working mathematicians actually do, rather than on mathematical foundations. The book begins by first challenging the assumption that there is no role for informal logic in mathematics. Next, it details the usefulness of argumentation theory in the understanding of mathematical practice, offering an impressively diverse set of examples, covering the history of mathematics, mathematics education and, perhaps surprisingly, formal proof verification. From there, the book demonstrates that mathematics also offers a valuable testbed for argumentation theory. Coverage concludes by defending attention to mathematical argumentation as the basis for new perspectives on the philosophy of mathematics. |
| deductive reasoning in math: How to Prove It Daniel J. Velleman, 2006-01-16 Many students have trouble the first time they take a mathematics course in which proofs play a significant role. This new edition of Velleman's successful text will prepare students to make the transition from solving problems to proving theorems by teaching them the techniques needed to read and write proofs. The book begins with the basic concepts of logic and set theory, to familiarize students with the language of mathematics and how it is interpreted. These concepts are used as the basis for a step-by-step breakdown of the most important techniques used in constructing proofs. The author shows how complex proofs are built up from these smaller steps, using detailed 'scratch work' sections to expose the machinery of proofs about the natural numbers, relations, functions, and infinite sets. To give students the opportunity to construct their own proofs, this new edition contains over 200 new exercises, selected solutions, and an introduction to Proof Designer software. No background beyond standard high school mathematics is assumed. This book will be useful to anyone interested in logic and proofs: computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and of course mathematicians. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Math Mind Benders Warm Up Anita Harnadek, 1996 This book contains math mind benders, puzzles that are worked like crossword puzzles except that each square is filled with a digit rather than a letter. Clues to the puzzles are interrelated with each other and a given story. Clear thinking and deductive reasoning must be used to find potential answers and eliminate those that fail to meet all conditions. The puzzles present opportunities for discovering interesting facts about numbers and their interrelationships and some basic principles of elementary number theory. Contains teacher suggestions, answers, and detailed solutions to the 27 puzzles. (JRH) |
| deductive reasoning in math: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Math Logic Mysteries Marilynn L. Rapp Buxton, 2021-09-03 Students love trying to solve challenging puzzles. So why not build and review their math skills while they're having fun? Math Logic Mysteries requires students to complete math problems and use reasoning to unlock the clues needed to solve matrix-based logic problems. Mathematical skills covered include measurement, number operations, geometry, probability, fractions, decimals, percentages, and algebra. This book includes a detailed how-to section for teaching logic puzzles and an in-depth answer key, so students can understand the thinking process behind each solution. After doing these fun and challenging puzzles, your students will ask for more Math Logic Mysteries! Grades 5-8 |
| deductive reasoning in math: The Mathematical Analysis of Logic George Boole, 1847 |
| deductive reasoning in math: Scientific Knowledge J.H. Fetzer, 2012-12-06 With this defense of intensional realism as a philosophical foundation for understanding scientific procedures and grounding scientific knowledge, James Fetzer provides a systematic alternative to much of recent work on scientific theory. To Fetzer, the current state of understanding the 'laws' of nature, or the 'law-like' statements of scientific theories, appears to be one of philosophical defeat; and he is determined to overcome that defeat. Based upon his incisive advocacy of the single-case propensity interpretation of probability, Fetzer develops a coherent structure within which the central problems of the philosophy of science find their solutions. Whether the reader accepts the author's contentions may, in the end, depend upon ancient choices in the interpretation of experience and explanation, but there can be little doubt of Fetzer's spirited competence in arguing for setting ontology before epistemology, and within the analysis of language. To us, Fetzer's ambition is appealing, fusing, as he says, the substantive commitment of the Popperian with the conscientious sensitivity of the Hempelian to the technical precision required for justified explication. To Fetzer, science is the objective pursuit of fallible general knowledge. This innocent character ization, which we suppose most scientists would welcome, receives a most careful elaboration in this book; it will demand equally careful critical con sideration. Center for the Philosophy and ROBERT S. COHEN History of Science, MARX W. WARTOFSKY Boston University October 1981 v TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE v FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PART I: CAUSATION 1. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Introduction to Logic Alfred Tarski, 2013-07-04 This classic undergraduate treatment examines the deductive method in its first part and explores applications of logic and methodology in constructing mathematical theories in its second part. Exercises appear throughout. |
| deductive reasoning in math: The Shaping of Deduction in Greek Mathematics Reviel Netz, 2003-09-18 The aim of this book is to explain the shape of Greek mathematical thinking. It can be read on three levels: as a description of the practices of Greek mathematics; as a theory of the emergence of the deductive method; and as a case-study for a general view on the history of science. The starting point for the enquiry is geometry and the lettered diagram. Reviel Netz exploits the mathematicians' practices in the construction and lettering of their diagrams, and the continuing interaction between text and diagram in their proofs, to illuminate the underlying cognitive processes. A close examination of the mathematical use of language follows, especially mathematicians' use of repeated formulae. Two crucial chapters set out to show how mathematical proofs are structured and explain why Greek mathematical practice manages to be so satisfactory. A final chapter looks into the broader historical setting of Greek mathematical practice. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Deductive Logic Warren Goldfarb, 2003-09-15 This text provides a straightforward, lively but rigorous, introduction to truth-functional and predicate logic, complete with lucid examples and incisive exercises, for which Warren Goldfarb is renowned. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education Stephen Lerman, 2020-02-07 The Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education is a comprehensive reference text, covering every topic in the field with entries ranging from short descriptions to much longer pieces where the topic warrants more elaboration. The entries provide access to theories and to research in the area and refer to the leading publications for further reading. The Encyclopedia is aimed at graduate students, researchers, curriculum developers, policy makers, and others with interests in the field of mathematics education. It is planned to be 700 pages in length in its hard copy form but the text will subsequently be up-dated and developed on-line in a way that retains the integrity of the ideas, the responsibility for which will be in the hands of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board. This second edition will include additional entries on: new ideas in the politics of mathematics education, working with minority students, mathematics and art, other cross-disciplinary studies, studies in emotions and mathematics, new frameworks for analysis of mathematics classrooms, and using simulations in mathematics teacher education. Existing entries will be revised and new entries written. Members of the international mathematics education research community will be invited to propose new entries. Editorial Board: Bharath Sriraman Melony Graven Yoshinori Shimizu Ruhama Even Michele Artigue Eva Jablonka Wish to Become an Author? Springer's Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education's first edition was published in 2014. The Encyclopedia is a living project and will continue to accept articles online as part of an eventual second edition. Articles will be peer-reviewed in a timely manner and, if found acceptable, will be immediately published online. Suggested articles are, of course, welcome. Feel encouraged to think about additional topics that we overlooked the first time around, and to suggest colleagues (including yourself!) who will want to write them. Interested new authors should contact the editor in chief, Stephen Lerman, at lermans@lsbu.ac.uk, for more specific instructions. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Math Logic Mysteries Marilynn L. Rapp Buxton, 2007-04-01 Use these varied, practical activities to extend basic knowledge and build thinking skills. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Math Mind Benders: Warm up Anita E. Harnadek, 1989 |
| deductive reasoning in math: Approximate Reasoning by Parts Lech Polkowski, 2011-08-27 The monograph offers a view on Rough Mereology, a tool for reasoning under uncertainty, which goes back to Mereology, formulated in terms of parts by Lesniewski, and borrows from Fuzzy Set Theory and Rough Set Theory ideas of the containment to a degree. The result is a theory based on the notion of a part to a degree. One can invoke here a formula Rough: Rough Mereology : Mereology = Fuzzy Set Theory : Set Theory. As with Mereology, Rough Mereology finds important applications in problems of Spatial Reasoning, illustrated in this monograph with examples from Behavioral Robotics. Due to its involvement with concepts, Rough Mereology offers new approaches to Granular Computing, Classifier and Decision Synthesis, Logics for Information Systems, and are--formulation of well--known ideas of Neural Networks and Many Agent Systems. All these approaches are discussed in this monograph. To make the exposition self--contained, underlying notions of Set Theory, Topology, and Deductive and Reductive Reasoning with emphasis on Rough and Fuzzy Set Theories along with a thorough exposition of Mereology both in Lesniewski and Whitehead--Leonard--Goodman--Clarke versions are discussed at length. It is hoped that the monograph offers researchers in various areas of Artificial Intelligence a new tool to deal with analysis of relations among concepts. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning [Two Volumes in One] George Polya, 2014-01 2014 Reprint of 1954 American Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This two volume classic comprises two titles: Patterns of Plausible Inference and Induction and Analogy in Mathematics. This is a guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, particularly in mathematics, but also in every field of human activity. Using mathematics as the example par excellence, Polya shows how even the most rigorous deductive discipline is heavily dependent on techniques of guessing, inductive reasoning, and reasoning by analogy. In solving a problem, the answer must be guessed at before a proof can be given, and guesses are usually made from a knowledge of facts, experience, and hunches. The truly creative mathematician must be a good guesser first and a good prover afterward; many important theorems have been guessed but no proved until much later. In the same way, solutions to problems can be guessed, and a god guesser is much more likely to find a correct solution. This work might have been called How to Become a Good Guesser.-From the Dust Jacket. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Undecidability, Uncomputability, and Unpredictability Anthony Aguirre, Zeeya Merali, David Sloan, 2021-08-20 For a brief time in history, it was possible to imagine that a sufficiently advanced intellect could, given sufficient time and resources, in principle understand how to mathematically prove everything that was true. They could discern what math corresponds to physical laws, and use those laws to predict anything that happens before it happens. That time has passed. Gödel’s undecidability results (the incompleteness theorems), Turing’s proof of non-computable values, the formulation of quantum theory, chaos, and other developments over the past century have shown that there are rigorous arguments limiting what we can prove, compute, and predict. While some connections between these results have come to light, many remain obscure, and the implications are unclear. Are there, for example, real consequences for physics — including quantum mechanics — of undecidability and non-computability? Are there implications for our understanding of the relations between agency, intelligence, mind, and the physical world? This book, based on the winning essays from the annual FQXi competition, contains ten explorations of Undecidability, Uncomputability, and Unpredictability. The contributions abound with connections, implications, and speculations while undertaking rigorous but bold and open-minded investigation of the meaning of these constraints for the physical world, and for us as humans. |
| deductive reasoning in math: The Baller Teacher Playbook Tyler Tarver Ed S, 2021-02-18 Does your classroom run the way you want? Most people enter the teaching profession wanting to make a difference in young people's lives. However, more and more teachers feel lost, frustrated, and overwhelmed with everything they're required to do. It's hard to be successful without a clear plan on getting control of your classroom, empowering your students, and making the learning experience more enjoyable for you and your students. These 18 chapters are crucial for any educator who wants to take their teaching to the next level. Teacher, Principal, Director, Dean, and YouTube/TikTok teacher, Tyler Tarver knows that education is more than just standing in front of students lecturing them on a specific topic - it's a culture of learning that educators foster to train the next generation. If you are attempting to be the best educator you can in the environment you're in, you need ideas and encouragement from someone who's been exactly where you are. Even if you had the time, money, and support we know teachers deserve, we know that applying any knowledge always has a greater impact when you're able to give personal and practical application to the ideas you know matter. Besides sitting through 60+ hours a year of professional development, there is another way to incrementally improve your teaching week after week. Spoiler Alert: It can also be fun. Tyler Tarver learned how to create the culture he wanted in his classroom. He was able to pass this on to any educator who wanted to get excited about teaching and have a deeper impact on their students. He wrote The Baller Teacher Playbook to teach others what it takes to expand your teaching and create a community of happy and engaged learners. These short, weekly chapters and accompanying resources will add enormous value to your classroom and the school you work for. In this 18-week guide, readers will be introduced to the top areas where truly successful teachers and their students excel: Reason vs Excuses: How do you overcome the hurdles inherent in education? Fun: How do you get yourself and students excited about learning? Creativity: How do you create a culture where every day is unexpected but not chaotic? Positivity: How can we roll with the punches but not have to fake it? Authenticity: How can I be myself but genuinely connect with young people? Leadership: How do I get my students to lead without me? Collaboration: How do I work with my administrators, colleagues, and parents to better every student's education? Diversity: How do I help build empathy and understanding among myself and my students? Development: How am I always getting better? Plus more! The Baller Teacher Playbook is the must-have guide for anyone who feels lost or overwhelmed by the current educational climate, even if they have been teaching for years. Learn from a fellow educator who had their fair share of mistakes and successes through the simple but effective tactics shared in these pages. Take things further: If you want to move forward even faster as an educational professional, read a chapter once a week with your team, and come together at weekly meetings to discuss experience, ideas, triumphs, and a community of educators trying to improve themselves and their classroom. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Deductive Detective, The Brian Rock, 2013-02-10 Someone stole a cake from the cake contest—who could it be? Twelve animal bakers are potential suspects but Detective Duck uses his deductive reasoning skills to “quack” the case. After all, the thief left hairs behind so the thief wasn’t a bird. Follow along as he subtracts each suspect one at a time to reveal just who the culprit was. This clever story will have children of all ages giggling at the puns and the play on words. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Figuring Out Fluency in Mathematics Teaching and Learning, Grades K-8 Jennifer M. Bay-Williams, John J. SanGiovanni, 2021-03-02 Because fluency practice is not a worksheet. Fluency in mathematics is more than adeptly using basic facts or implementing algorithms. Real fluency involves reasoning and creativity, and it varies by the situation at hand. Figuring Out Fluency in Mathematics Teaching and Learning offers educators the inspiration to develop a deeper understanding of procedural fluency, along with a plethora of pragmatic tools for shifting classrooms toward a fluency approach. In a friendly and accessible style, this hands-on guide empowers educators to support students in acquiring the repertoire of reasoning strategies necessary to becoming versatile and nimble mathematical thinkers. It includes: Seven Significant Strategies to teach to students as they work toward procedural fluency. Activities, fluency routines, and games that encourage learning the efficiency, flexibility, and accuracy essential to real fluency. Reflection questions, connections to mathematical standards, and techniques for assessing all components of fluency. Suggestions for engaging families in understanding and supporting fluency. Fluency is more than a toolbox of strategies to choose from; it’s also a matter of equity and access for all learners. Give your students the knowledge and power to become confident mathematical thinkers. |
| deductive reasoning in math: How the Great Scientists Reasoned Gary G. Tibbetts, 2013 The scientific method is one of the most basic and essential concepts across the sciences, ensuring that investigations are carried out with precision and thoroughness. This book teaches the basic modes of scientific thought, not by philosophical generalizations, but by illustrating in detail how great scientists from across the sciences solved problems using scientific reason. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Proofs and Refutations Imre Lakatos, 1976 Proofs and Refutations is for those interested in the methodology, philosophy and history of mathematics. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics Joel David Hamkins, 2021-03-09 An introduction to the philosophy of mathematics grounded in mathematics and motivated by mathematical inquiry and practice. In this book, Joel David Hamkins offers an introduction to the philosophy of mathematics that is grounded in mathematics and motivated by mathematical inquiry and practice. He treats philosophical issues as they arise organically in mathematics, discussing such topics as platonism, realism, logicism, structuralism, formalism, infinity, and intuitionism in mathematical contexts. He organizes the book by mathematical themes--numbers, rigor, geometry, proof, computability, incompleteness, and set theory--that give rise again and again to philosophical considerations. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Math in Society David Lippman, 2012-09-07 Math in Society is a survey of contemporary mathematical topics, appropriate for a college-level topics course for liberal arts major, or as a general quantitative reasoning course.This book is an open textbook; it can be read free online at http://www.opentextbookstore.com/mathinsociety/. Editable versions of the chapters are available as well. |
| deductive reasoning in math: The Joy of Finite Mathematics Chris P. Tsokos, Rebecca D. Wooten, 2015-10-27 The Joy of Finite Mathematics: The Language and Art of Math teaches students basic finite mathematics through a foundational understanding of the underlying symbolic language and its many dialects, including logic, set theory, combinatorics (counting), probability, statistics, geometry, algebra, and finance. Through detailed explanations of the concepts, step-by-step procedures, and clearly defined formulae, readers learn to apply math to subjects ranging from reason (logic) to finance (personal budget), making this interactive and engaging book appropriate for non-science, undergraduate students in the liberal arts, social sciences, finance, economics, and other humanities areas. The authors utilize important historical facts, pose interesting and relevant questions, and reference real-world events to challenge, inspire, and motivate students to learn the subject of mathematical thinking and its relevance. The book is based on the authors' experience teaching Liberal Arts Math and other courses to students of various backgrounds and majors, and is also appropriate for preparing students for Florida's CLAST exam or similar core requirements. - Highlighted definitions, rules, methods, and procedures, and abundant tables, diagrams, and graphs, clearly illustrate important concepts and methods - Provides end-of-chapter vocabulary and concept reviews, as well as robust review exercises and a practice test - Contains information relevant to a wide range of topics, including symbolic language, contemporary math, liberal arts math, social sciences math, basic math for finance, math for humanities, probability, and the C.L.A.S.T. exam - Optional advanced sections and challenging problems are included for use at the discretion of the instructor - Online resources include PowerPoint Presentations for instructors and a useful student manual |
| deductive reasoning in math: Test Your Logic George J. Summers, 1972-06 Fifty unique brain-teasers requiring a minimum of mathematical skills challenge the reader's ability to reason logically |
| deductive reasoning in math: Jousting Armadillos: An Introduction to Algebra - Student Text and Workbook Linus Christian Rollman, 2009-11 First in the Arbor Algebra series. A writing-based, common sense, whimsical & engaging introduction to algebra for middle-grade math students. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Logic For Dummies Mark Zegarelli, 2006-11-29 A straightforward guide to logic concepts Logic concepts are more mainstream than you may realize. There’s logic every place you look and in almost everything you do, from deciding which shirt to buy to asking your boss for a raise, and even to watching television, where themes of such shows as CSI and Numbers incorporate a variety of logistical studies. Logic For Dummies explains a vast array of logical concepts and processes in easy-to-understand language that make everything clear to you, whether you’re a college student of a student of life. You’ll find out about: Formal Logic Syllogisms Constructing proofs and refutations Propositional and predicate logic Modal and fuzzy logic Symbolic logic Deductive and inductive reasoning Logic For Dummies tracks an introductory logic course at the college level. Concrete, real-world examples help you understand each concept you encounter, while fully worked out proofs and fun logic problems encourage you students to apply what you’ve learned. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Does Mathematical Study Develop Logical Thinking?: Testing The Theory Of Formal Discipline Matthew Inglis, Nina Attridge, 2016-09-06 For centuries, educational policymakers have believed that studying mathematics is important, in part because it develops general thinking skills that are useful throughout life. This 'Theory of Formal Discipline' (TFD) has been used as a justification for mathematics education globally. Despite this, few empirical studies have directly investigated the issue, and those which have showed mixed results.Does Mathematical Study Develop Logical Thinking? describes a rigorous investigation of the TFD. It reviews the theory's history and prior research on the topic, followed by reports on a series of recent empirical studies. It argues that, contrary to the position held by sceptics, advanced mathematical study does develop certain general thinking skills, however these are much more restricted than those typically claimed by TFD proponents.Perfect for students, researchers and policymakers in education, further education and mathematics, this book provides much needed insight into the theory and practice of the foundations of modern educational policy. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning Richard L. Trammell, 2016-07-11 This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic. The first seven chapters cover all the basic components of a first course in symbolic logic, including truth tables, rules for devising formal proofs of validity, multiple quantifiers, properties of relations, enthymemes, and identity. (One exception is that truth trees are not discussed.) The five operator symbols used are: (.) and, (v) or, ( ) not, and also if-then, represented by the sideways U and material equivalence represented by the triple line. There are also four chapters which can be studied without symbolic logic background. Chapter 8 is a study of 7 immediate inferences in Aristotelian logic using A, E, I, O type statements with a detailed proof concerning what existential assumptions are involved. Chapter 9 is a study of classic Boolean syllogism using Venn diagrams to show the validity or invalidity of syllogisms. Chapter 10 is a study of the type of probability problems that are deductive (example: having 2 aces in 5 cards drawn from a randomized deck of cards). Chapter 11 is a study of the types of problems that are often found on standardized tests where certain data are given, and then multiple-choice questions are given where the single correct answer is determined by the data. In the symbolic logic chapters, it is shown many times how putting English statements into symbolic notation reveals the complexity (and sometimes ambiguity) of natural language. Many examples are given of the usage of logic in everyday life, with statements to translate taken from musicals, legal documents, federal tax instructions, etc. Several sections involve arguments given in English, which must be translated into symbolic notation before proof of validity is given. Chapter 7 ends with a careful presentation of Richard's Paradox, challenging those who dismiss the problem because it is not strictly mathematical. The conclusion of this chapter is the most controversial part of the text. Richard's paradox is used to construct a valid symbolic logic proof that Cantor's procedure does not prove there are nondenumerable sets, with a challenge to the reader to identify and prove which premise of the argument is false. There are several uncommon features of the text. For example, there is a section where it is shown how the rules of logic are used in solving Sudoku puzzles. Another section challenges students to devise arguments (premises and conclusion) that can be solved in a certain number of steps (say 3) only by using a certain 3 rules, one time each (for example, Modus Ponens, Simplification, and Conjunction). In proofs of invalidity, if there are 10 simple statements (for example), there are 1024 possible combinations of truth values that the 10 statements can have. But the premises and conclusions are set up so that only 1 of these combinations will make all the premises true and the conclusion false - and this 1 way can be found by forced truth-value assignments, with no need to take options. Another unusual section of the text defines the five operator symbols as relations (for example, Cxy = x conjuncted with y is true), and then statements about the operators are given to determine whether the statements are true or false. To aid in deciding what sections to cover in a given course or time frame, certain sections are labeled optional as an indication that understanding these sections is not presupposed by later sections in the text. Although there are a ton of problems with answers in the text, any teacher using this text for a course can receive free of charge an answer book giving answers to all the problems not answered in the text, plus a few cases of additional problems not given in the text, also with answers. Send your request to rltrammell151@gmail.com, and you will be sent an answer key using your address at the school where you teach. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Mathematical Reasoning Theodore A. Sundstrom, 2007 Focusing on the formal development of mathematics, this book shows readers how to read, understand, write, and construct mathematical proofs.Uses elementary number theory and congruence arithmetic throughout. Focuses on writing in mathematics. Reviews prior mathematical work with “Preview Activities” at the start of each section. Includes “Activities” throughout that relate to the material contained in each section. Focuses on Congruence Notation and Elementary Number Theorythroughout.For professionals in the sciences or engineering who need to brush up on their advanced mathematics skills. Mathematical Reasoning: Writing and Proof, 2/E Theodore Sundstrom |
| deductive reasoning in math: Mathematical Logic George Tourlakis, 2011-03-01 A comprehensive and user-friendly guide to the use of logic in mathematical reasoning Mathematical Logic presents a comprehensive introduction to formal methods of logic and their use as a reliable tool for deductive reasoning. With its user-friendly approach, this book successfully equips readers with the key concepts and methods for formulating valid mathematical arguments that can be used to uncover truths across diverse areas of study such as mathematics, computer science, and philosophy. The book develops the logical tools for writing proofs by guiding readers through both the established Hilbert style of proof writing, as well as the equational style that is emerging in computer science and engineering applications. Chapters have been organized into the two topical areas of Boolean logic and predicate logic. Techniques situated outside formal logic are applied to illustrate and demonstrate significant facts regarding the power and limitations of logic, such as: Logic can certify truths and only truths. Logic can certify all absolute truths (completeness theorems of Post and Gödel). Logic cannot certify all conditional truths, such as those that are specific to the Peano arithmetic. Therefore, logic has some serious limitations, as shown through Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Numerous examples and problem sets are provided throughout the text, further facilitating readers' understanding of the capabilities of logic to discover mathematical truths. In addition, an extensive appendix introduces Tarski semantics and proceeds with detailed proofs of completeness and first incompleteness theorems, while also providing a self-contained introduction to the theory of computability. With its thorough scope of coverage and accessible style, Mathematical Logic is an ideal book for courses in mathematics, computer science, and philosophy at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners who wish to learn how to use logic in their everyday work. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Research in Collegiate Mathematics Education III James J. Kaput, Ed Dubinsky, Alan H. Schoenfeld, Thomas P. Dick, 1998 Volume 3 of Research in Collegiate Mathematics Education (RCME) presents state-of-the-art research on understanding, teaching and learning mathematics at the post-secondary level. This volume contains information on methodology and research concentrating on these areas of student learning: Problem Solving; Understanding Concepts; and Understanding Proofs. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Rethinking Logic: Logic in Relation to Mathematics, Evolution, and Method Carlo Cellucci, 2013-10-09 This volume examines the limitations of mathematical logic and proposes a new approach to logic intended to overcome them. To this end, the book compares mathematical logic with earlier views of logic, both in the ancient and in the modern age, including those of Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant. From the comparison it is apparent that a basic limitation of mathematical logic is that it narrows down the scope of logic confining it to the study of deduction, without providing tools for discovering anything new. As a result, mathematical logic has had little impact on scientific practice. Therefore, this volume proposes a view of logic according to which logic is intended, first of all, to provide rules of discovery, that is, non-deductive rules for finding hypotheses to solve problems. This is essential if logic is to play any relevant role in mathematics, science and even philosophy. To comply with this view of logic, this volume formulates several rules of discovery, such as induction, analogy, generalization, specialization, metaphor, metonymy, definition, and diagrams. A logic based on such rules is basically a logic of discovery, and involves a new view of the relation of logic to evolution, language, reason, method and knowledge, particularly mathematical knowledge. It also involves a new view of the relation of philosophy to knowledge. This book puts forward such new views, trying to open again many doors that the founding fathers of mathematical logic had closed historically. trigger |
| deductive reasoning in math: An Investigation of the Laws of Thought George Boole, 1854 |
| deductive reasoning in math: Patterns of Plausible Inference George Pólya, 1954 A guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, this book has relevance in every field of intellectual activity. Professor Polya, a world-famous mathematician from Stanford University, uses mathematics to show how hunches and guesses play an important part in even the most rigorously deductive science. He explains how solutions to problems can be guessed at; good guessing is often more important than rigorous deduction in finding correct solutions. Vol. II, on Patterns of Plausible Inference, attempts to develop a logic of plausibility. What makes some evidence stronger and some weaker? How does one seek evidence that will make a suspected truth more probable? These questions involve philosophy and psychology as well as mathematics. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics Howard Whitley Eves, 1997-01-01 This third edition of a popular, well-received text offers undergraduates an opportunity to obtain an overview of the historical roots and the evolution of several areas of mathematics. The selection of topics conveys not only their role in this historical development of mathematics but also their value as bases for understanding the changing nature of mathematics. Among the topics covered in this wide-ranging text are: mathematics before Euclid, Euclid's Elements, non-Euclidean geometry, algebraic structure, formal axiomatics, the real numbers system, sets, logic and philosophy and more. The emphasis on axiomatic procedures provides important background for studying and applying more advanced topics, while the inclusion of the historical roots of both algebra and geometry provides essential information for prospective teachers of school mathematics. The readable style and sets of challenging exercises from the popular earlier editions have been continued and extended in the present edition, making this a very welcome and useful version of a classic treatment of the foundations of mathematics. A truly satisfying book. — Dr. Bruce E. Meserve, Professor Emeritus, University of Vermont. |
| deductive reasoning in math: Philosophy of Statistics , 2011-05-31 Statisticians and philosophers of science have many common interests but restricted communication with each other. This volume aims to remedy these shortcomings. It provides state-of-the-art research in the area of philosophy of statistics by encouraging numerous experts to communicate with one another without feeling restricted by their disciplines or thinking piecemeal in their treatment of issues. A second goal of this book is to present work in the field without bias toward any particular statistical paradigm. Broadly speaking, the essays in this Handbook are concerned with problems of induction, statistics and probability. For centuries, foundational problems like induction have been among philosophers' favorite topics; recently, however, non-philosophers have increasingly taken a keen interest in these issues. This volume accordingly contains papers by both philosophers and non-philosophers, including scholars from nine academic disciplines. - Provides a bridge between philosophy and current scientific findings - Covers theory and applications - Encourages multi-disciplinary dialogue |
"Inductive" vs. "Deductive" – What's The Difference? - Dictionary…
Nov 16, 2021 · What is the difference between inductive vs. deductive reasoning? Inductive reasoning involves starting from specific premises and forming a general conclusion, while …
DEDUCTIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEDUCTIVE is of, relating to, or provable by deriving conclusions by reasoning : of, relating to, or provable by deduction. How to use deductive in a sentence.
Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that it is impossible for the premises to …
DEDUCTIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEDUCTIVE definition: 1. reaching an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts: 2. reaching an…. Learn more.
What Is Deductive Reasoning? | Explanation & Examples - Scribbr
Jan 20, 2022 · Deductive reasoning is a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions. It’s often contrasted with inductive reasoning, where you start with …
Differences Between Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Oct 15, 2024 · Two of the most basic forms of reasoning are inductive and deductive. And they can play a big part in constructing your worldview and influencing the choices you make. …
Deductive - definition of deductive by The Free Dictionary
Define deductive. deductive synonyms, deductive pronunciation, deductive translation, English dictionary definition of deductive. adj. 1. Of or based on deduction. 2. Involving or using …
Deductive Reasoning: What It Is, Uses & Examples - Cleveland Clinic
Deductive reasoning is a psychological process that people use to make decisions and solve problems. It’s a cognitive function, meaning it’s a conscious intellectual activity like thinking …
What does deductive mean? - Definitions.net
Deductive refers to a type of reasoning or logic where conclusions are logically derived from or necessitated by previously known facts, laws, principles, or assumptions, ensuring a definite …
Inductive vs. Deductive vs. Abductive Reasoning - Merriam-Webster
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is making an inference based on widely accepted facts or premises. If a beverage is defined as "drinkable through a straw," one could use deduction to …
"Inductive" vs. "Deductive" – What's The Difference? - Dictionary…
Nov 16, 2021 · What is the difference between inductive vs. deductive reasoning? Inductive reasoning involves starting from specific premises and forming a general conclusion, while …
DEDUCTIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEDUCTIVE is of, relating to, or provable by deriving conclusions by reasoning : of, relating to, or provable by deduction. How to use deductive in a sentence.
Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that it is impossible for the premises to …
DEDUCTIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEDUCTIVE definition: 1. reaching an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts: 2. reaching an…. Learn more.
What Is Deductive Reasoning? | Explanation & Examples - Scribbr
Jan 20, 2022 · Deductive reasoning is a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions. It’s often contrasted with inductive reasoning, where you start with …
Differences Between Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Oct 15, 2024 · Two of the most basic forms of reasoning are inductive and deductive. And they can play a big part in constructing your worldview and influencing the choices you make. …
Deductive - definition of deductive by The Free Dictionary
Define deductive. deductive synonyms, deductive pronunciation, deductive translation, English dictionary definition of deductive. adj. 1. Of or based on deduction. 2. Involving or using …
Deductive Reasoning: What It Is, Uses & Examples - Cleveland Clinic
Deductive reasoning is a psychological process that people use to make decisions and solve problems. It’s a cognitive function, meaning it’s a conscious intellectual activity like thinking …
What does deductive mean? - Definitions.net
Deductive refers to a type of reasoning or logic where conclusions are logically derived from or necessitated by previously known facts, laws, principles, or assumptions, ensuring a definite …
Inductive vs. Deductive vs. Abductive Reasoning - Merriam-Webster
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is making an inference based on widely accepted facts or premises. If a beverage is defined as "drinkable through a straw," one could use deduction to …
