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| define coefficient in chemistry: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division, 2007 Prepared by the IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division this definitive manual, now in its third edition, is designed to improve the exchange of scientific information among the readers in different disciplines and across different nations. This book has been systematically brought up to date and new sections added to reflect the increasing volume of scientific literature and terminology and expressions being used. The Third Edition reflects the experience of the contributors with the previous editions and the comments and feedback have been integrated into this essential resource. This edition has been compiled in machine-readable form and will be available online. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: A Dictionary of Chemical Engineering Carl Schaschke, 2014-01-09 A Dictionary of Chemical Engineering is one of the latest additions to the market leading Oxford Paperback Reference series. In over 3,400 concise and authoritative A to Z entries, it provides definitions and explanations for chemical engineering terms in areas including: materials, energy balances, reactions, separations, sustainability, safety, and ethics. Naturally, the dictionary also covers many pertinent terms from the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics. Useful entry-level web links are listed and regularly updated on a dedicated companion website to expand the coverage of the dictionary. Comprehensively cross-referenced and complemented by over 60 line drawings, this excellent new volume is the most authoritative dictionary of its kind. It is an essential reference source for students of chemical engineering, for professionals in this field (as well as related disciplines such as applied chemistry, chemical technology, and process engineering), and for anyone with an interest in the subject. |
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| define coefficient in chemistry: Chemistry 2e Paul Flowers, Richard Langely, William R. Robinson, Klaus Hellmut Theopold, 2019-02-14 Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Essentials of Physical Chemistry 28th Edition Bahl Arun/ Bahl B.S. & Tuli G.D., 2022 Essentials of Physical Chemistry is a classic textbook on the subject explaining fundamentals concepts with discussions, illustrations and exercises. With clear explanation, systematic presentation, and scientific accuracy, the book not only helps the students clear misconceptions about the basic concepts but also enhances students' ability to analyse and systematically solve problems. This bestseller is primarily designed for B.Sc. students and would equally be useful for the aspirants of medical and engineering entrance examinations. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: A Dictionary of Chemistry John Daintith, 2008-02-21 Fully revised and updated, the sixth edition of this popular dictionary is the ideal reference resource for students of chemistry, either at school or at university. With over 4,700 entires - over 200 new to this edition - it covers all aspects of chemistry, from physical chemistry to biochemistry. The sixth edition boasts broader coverage in subject areas such as forensics, metallurgy, materials science, and geology, increasing the dictionary's appeal to students in these related fields. There are also biographical entries on key figures, highlighted entries on major topics such as polymers and crystal defects, and a chronology charting the main discoveries in atomic theory, biochemistry, explosives, and plastics. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: A Dictionary of Chemistry Jonathan Law, Richard Rennie, 2020-03-19 A Dictionary of Chemistry is a popular and authoritative guide to all aspects of its discipline. With over 5,000 entries, its broad coverage includes physical chemistry and biochemistry, and is heavily informed by the most current research. For this eighth edition, the Dictionary has been fully revised, making it the most up-to-date reference work of its kind. Almost 200 entirely new entries have been added, including bioethanol, genome, molecular spintronics, oganesson, phosphorylation, and reticular chemistry. Areas such as analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, and organic chemistry have been expanded to reflect recent developments in the field. The dictionary's supplementary material has also been enhanced as new diagrams provide readers with useful visual aids, and the appendices have been substantially updated. All web links have been revised and updated, and are easily accessible via the companion website. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry John McMurry, 2013 Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry by McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, and Peterson provides background in chemistry and biochemistry with a relatable context to ensure students of all disciplines gain an appreciation of chemistry's significance in everyday life. Known for its clarity and concise presentation, this book balances chemical concepts with examples, drawn from students' everyday lives and experiences, to explain the quantitative aspects of chemistry and provide deeper insight into theoretical principles. The Seventh Edition focuses on making connections between General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry through a number of new and updated features -- including all-new Mastering Reactions boxes, Chemistry in Action boxes, new and revised chapter problems that strengthen the ties between major concepts in each chapter, practical applications, and much more. NOTE: this is just the standalone book, if you want the book/access card order the ISBN below: 032175011X / 9780321750112 Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package Package consists of: 0321750837 / 9780321750839 Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 0321776461 / 9780321776464 MasteringChemistry with Pearson eText -- Valuepack Access Card -- for Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry |
| define coefficient in chemistry: General Chemistry James E. Brady, Gerard E. Humiston, 1982 The Fifth Edition retains the pedagogical strengths that made the previous editions so popular, and has been updated, reorganized, and streamlined. Changes include more accessible introductory chapters (with greater stress on the logic of the periodic table), earlier introduction of redox reactions, greater emphasis on the concept of energy, a new section on Lewis structures, earlier introduction of the ideal gas law, and a new development of thermodynamics. Each chapter ends with review questions and problems. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Physical Chemistry Horia Metiu, 2006-02-21 This is a new undergraduate textbook on physical chemistry by Horia Metiu published as four separate paperback volumes. These four volumes on physical chemistry combine a clear and thorough presentation of the theoretical and mathematical aspects of the subject with examples and applications drawn from current industrial and academic research. By u |
| define coefficient in chemistry: An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Michel Soustelle, 2013-02-07 This book is a progressive presentation of kinetics of the chemical reactions. It provides complete coverage of the domain of chemical kinetics, which is necessary for the various future users in the fields of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry and Combustion. It will help them to understand the most sophisticated knowledge of their future job area. Over 15 chapters, this book present the fundamentals of chemical kinetics, its relations with reaction mechanisms and kinetic properties. Two chapters are then devoted to experimental results and how to calculate the kinetic laws in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The following two chapters describe the main approximation modes to calculate these laws. Three chapters are devoted to elementary steps with the various classes, the principles used to write them and their modeling using the theory of the activated complex in gas and condensed phases. Three chapters are devoted to the particular areas of chemical reactions, chain reactions, catalysis and the stoichiometric heterogeneous reactions. Finally the non-steady-state processes of combustion and explosion are treated in the final chapter. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: The Basics of Chemistry Richard L. Myers, 2003-06-30 Encompasses many different topics in and approaches to introductory chemistry. Discusses broad areas of chemistry including organic chemistry, biochemistry, environmental chemistry, and industrial chemistry. Historical developments of chemical concepts are covered, and biographical information is provided on key individuals responsible for the development of modern chemistry. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Ionic Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry Jean-Louis Burgot, 2012-03-30 This book of general analytical chemistry – as opposed to instrumental analysis or separation methods – in aqueous solutions is focuses on fundamentals, which is an area too often overlooked in the literature. Explanations abound of the chemical and physical principles of different operations of chemical analysis in aqueous solutions. Once these principle are firmly established, numerous examples of applications are also given. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics Santosh K. Upadhyay, 2007-04-29 Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics brings together the major facts and theories relating to the rates with which chemical reactions occur from both the macroscopic and microscopic point of view. This book helps the reader achieve a thorough understanding of the principles of chemical kinetics and includes: Detailed stereochemical discussions of reaction steps Classical theory based calculations of state-to-state rate constants A collection of matters on kinetics of various special reactions such as micellar catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, inhibition processes, oscillatory reactions, solid-state reactions, and polymerization reactions at a single source. The growth of the chemical industry greatly depends on the application of chemical kinetics, catalysts and catalytic processes. This volume is therefore an invaluable resource for all academics, industrial researchers and students interested in kinetics, molecular reaction dynamics, and the mechanisms of chemical reactions. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: A Textbook of Physical Chemistry – Volume 1 Mandeep Dalal, 2018-01-01 An advanced-level textbook of physical chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled A Textbook of Physical Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV. CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Quantum Mechanics – I: Postulates of quantum mechanics; Derivation of Schrodinger wave equation; Max-Born interpretation of wave functions; The Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Quantum mechanical operators and their commutation relations; Hermitian operators (elementary ideas, quantum mechanical operator for linear momentum, angular momentum and energy as Hermition operator); The average value of the square of Hermitian operators; Commuting operators and uncertainty principle(x & p; E & t); Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in one dimensional box; Evaluation of average position, average momentum and determination of uncertainty in position and momentum and hence Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Pictorial representation of the wave equation of a particle in one dimensional box and its influence on the kinetic energy of the particle in each successive quantum level; Lowest energy of the particle. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics – I: Brief resume of first and second Law of thermodynamics; Entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes; Variation of entropy with temperature, pressure and volume; Entropy concept as a measure of unavailable energy and criteria for the spontaneity of reaction; Free energy, enthalpy functions and their significance, criteria for spontaneity of a process; Partial molar quantities (free energy, volume, heat concept); Gibb’s-Duhem equation. Chapter 3. Chemical Dynamics – I: Effect of temperature on reaction rates; Rate law for opposing reactions of Ist order and IInd order; Rate law for consecutive & parallel reactions of Ist order reactions; Collision theory of reaction rates and its limitations; Steric factor; Activated complex theory; Ionic reactions: single and double sphere models; Influence of solvent and ionic strength; The comparison of collision and activated complex theory. Chapter 4. Electrochemistry – I: Ion-Ion Interactions: The Debye-Huckel theory of ion- ion interactions; Potential and excess charge density as a function of distance from the central ion; Debye Huckel reciprocal length; Ionic cloud and its contribution to the total potential; Debye - Huckel limiting law of activity coefficients and its limitations; Ion-size effect on potential; Ion-size parameter and the theoretical mean-activity coefficient in the case of ionic clouds with finite-sized ions; Debye - Huckel-Onsager treatment for aqueous solutions and its limitations; Debye-Huckel-Onsager theory for non-aqueous solutions; The solvent effect on the mobality at infinite dilution; Equivalent conductivity (Λ) vs. concentration c 1/2 as a function of the solvent; Effect of ion association upon conductivity (Debye- Huckel - Bjerrum equation). Chapter 5. Quantum Mechanics – II: Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a three dimensional box; The concept of degeneracy among energy levels for a particle in three dimensional box; Schrodinger wave equation for a linear harmonic oscillator & its solution by polynomial method; Zero point energy of a particle possessing harmonic motion and its consequence; Schrodinger wave equation for three dimensional Rigid rotator; Energy of rigid rotator; Space quantization; Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom, separation of variable in polar spherical coordinates and its solution; Principle, azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers and the magnitude of their values; Probability distribution function; Radial distribution function; Shape of atomic orbitals (s,p & d). Chapter 6. Thermodynamics – II: Classius-Clayperon equation; Law of mass action and its thermodynamic derivation; Third law of thermodynamics (Nernest heat theorem, determination of absolute entropy, unattainability of absolute zero) and its limitation; Phase diagram for two completely miscible components systems; Eutectic systems, Calculation of eutectic point; Systems forming solid compounds Ax By with congruent and incongruent melting points; Phase diagram and thermodynamic treatment of solid solutions. Chapter 7. Chemical Dynamics – II: Chain reactions: hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane; Photochemical reactions (hydrogen - bromine & hydrogen -chlorine reactions); General treatment of chain reactions (ortho-para hydrogen conversion and hydrogen - bromine reactions); Apparent activation energy of chain reactions, Chain length; Rice-Herzfeld mechanism of organic molecules decomposition(acetaldehyde); Branching chain reactions and explosions ( H2-O2 reaction); Kinetics of (one intermediate) enzymatic reaction : Michaelis-Menton treatment; Evaluation of Michaelis 's constant for enzyme-substrate binding by Lineweaver-Burk plot and Eadie-Hofstae methods; Competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Chapter 8. Electrochemistry – II: Ion Transport in Solutions: Ionic movement under the influence of an electric field; Mobility of ions; Ionic drift velocity and its relation with current density; Einstein relation between the absolute mobility and diffusion coefficient; The Stokes- Einstein relation; The Nernst -Einstein equation; Walden’s rule; The Rate-process approach to ionic migration; The Rate process equation for equivalent conductivity; Total driving force for ionic transport, Nernst - Planck Flux equation; Ionic drift and diffusion potential; the Onsager phenomenological equations; The basic equation for the diffusion; Planck-Henderson equation for the diffusion potential. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Physical Chemistry Robert G. Mortimer, 2008-05-29 In this third edition, core applications have been added along with more recent developments in the theories of chemical reaction kinetics and molecular quantum mechanics, as well as in the experimental study of extremely rapid chemical reactions.* Fully revised concise edition covering recent developments in the field* Supports student learning with step by step explanation of fundamental principles, an appropriate level of math rigor, and pedagogical tools to aid comprehension* Encourages readers to apply theory in practical situations |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Physical Chemistry Kurt W. Kolasinski, 2016-11-14 In der Chemie geht es überwiegend um die Frage: Wie? Wie wird primärer Alkohol hergestellt? Durch Reaktion eines Grignard-Reagenz mit Formaldehyd. In der physikalischen Chemie lautet die Frage: Warum? Das Grignard-Reagenz und Formaldehyd tanzen auf Molekülebene. Man spricht von einem Reaktionsmechanismus, bei dem stärkere Verbindungen schwächere Verbindungen vom Parkett fegen. Wenn Sie wissen möchten, warum das so ist, ist dieses Buch genau richtig. Physical Chemistry: How Chemistry Works verfolgt einen neuen Ansatz bei der Vermittlung der Lerninhalte rund um die physikalische Chemie. Dieses moderne Lehrbuch soll Chemiestudenten im Hauptstudium für das Fachgebiet begeistern und auf die Anwendung der physikalischen Chemie in der Praxis vorbereiten. Praxisorientiert, leserfreundlich und modern sind die Beispiele, mit denen sich die physikalisch-chemischen Aspekte jedes Systems besser verstehen lassen. Studenten der anorganischen Chemie, organischen Chemie, analytischen Chemie und Biochemie erfahren alles Wissenswerte über die physikalische Chemie und wissen im Anschluss, was Synthesen, intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen und Materialeigenschaften sind. Studenten, die sich eingehender mit der physikalischen Chemie beschäftigen möchten, erleichtert dieses Lehrbuch diesen Schritt, denn es zeigt auch die Grenzen der Forschung auf. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Introduction to Physical Chemistry Marcus Frederick Charles Ladd, 1998-01-22 The third edition of this text has been completely rewritten and revised. It is intended for first- and second-year undergraduates in chemistry taking physical chemistry courses, and for undergraduates in other science and engineering subjects that require an understanding of chemistry. The author gives more attention to the solid and liquid states than is found in other texts on this subject, and introduces topics such as computer simulation and quasicrystals. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems, to which there are solution notes, designed to lead the reader to familiarity with the subject and its application in new situations. Computer programs designed to assist the reader are downloadable from the World Wide Web, from the time of publication. Detailed solutions to the problems will also be available via the World Wide Web. See http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/stm/laddsolutions.htm. This modern text on physical chemistry will be of interest to undergraduate students in chemistry and also students in other areas of science and engineering requiring a familiarity with the subject. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Chemistry for Degree Students B.Sc. First Year R L Madan, 2010 For B.Sc. I year students. Matter on inclusion compounds, charge transfer complexes and clatherates in chapter 1 of organic chemistry has been rewritten to cover them thoroughly. A new chapter Thermodynamics -I containing first law of thermodynamics and thermochemistry, which forms a part of syllabus for B.Sc.-I year in some universities. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry Daniel J. Jacob, 1999 Atmospheric chemistry is one of the fastest growing fields in the earth sciences. Until now, however, there has been no book designed to help students capture the essence of the subject in a brief course of study. Daniel Jacob, a leading researcher and teacher in the field, addresses that problem by presenting the first textbook on atmospheric chemistry for a one-semester course. Based on the approach he developed in his class at Harvard, Jacob introduces students in clear and concise chapters to the fundamentals as well as the latest ideas and findings in the field. Jacob's aim is to show students how to use basic principles of physics and chemistry to describe a complex system such as the atmosphere. He also seeks to give students an overview of the current state of research and the work that led to this point. Jacob begins with atmospheric structure, design of simple models, atmospheric transport, and the continuity equation, and continues with geochemical cycles, the greenhouse effect, aerosols, stratospheric ozone, the oxidizing power of the atmosphere, smog, and acid rain. Each chapter concludes with a problem set based on recent scientific literature. This is a novel approach to problem-set writing, and one that successfully introduces students to the prevailing issues. This is a major contribution to a growing area of study and will be welcomed enthusiastically by students and teachers alike. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition Roland N. Pittman, 2016-08-18 This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: A Dictionary of Chemistry Richard Rennie, Jonathan Law, 2016-01-21 Fully revised and updated, the seventh edition of this popular dictionary is the ideal reference resource for students of chemistry, either at school or at university. With over 5000 entries—over 175 new to this edition—it covers all aspects of chemistry, from physical chemistry to biochemistry. The seventh edition boasts broader coverage in areas such as nuclear magnetic resonance, polymer chemistry, nanotechnology and graphene, and absolute configuration, increasing the dictionary's appeal to students in these fields. New diagrams have been added and existing diagrams updated to illustrate topics that would benefit from a visual aid. There are also biographical entries on key figures, featured entries on major topics such as polymers and crystal defects, and a chronology charting the main discoveries in atomic theory, biochemistry, explosives, and plastics. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: General Chemistry Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette, 2010-05 |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Chemistry for Degree Students B.Sc. Semester - IV (As per CBCS) Madan R.L., 2017 This textbook has been designed to meet the needs of B.Sc. Fourth Semester students of Chemistry as per the UGC Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). With its traditional approach to the subject, this textbook lucidly explains principles of chemistry. Important topics such as transition elements, coordination chemistry, crystal field theory, kinetic theory of gases, liquids, solids and chemical kinetics are aptly discussed to give an overview of inorganic and physical chemistry. Laboratory work has also been included to help students achieve solid conceptual understanding and learn experimental procedures. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry: Theory and Practices S. K. Bhasin, 2012 Physical chemistry is a compulsory paper offered to all the students of pharmacy. There is a dearth of good books that exclusively cover the syllabi of physical chemistry offered to pharmacy courses. Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry: Theory and Practices has been designed considering their requirements laid down by AICTE and other premier institutes/universities. Apart from the theory 20 most common laboratory experiments have been included to make this book a unique offering to the students of pharmacy. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Textbook of Practical Analytical Chemistry - E-Book Mumtaz Alam, Mymoona Akhtar, Hasan Asif, 2012-05-14 Textbook of Practical Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry A pharmaceutical analyst needs to have a clear understanding of the methods used to test a particular sample. This book is a sincere attempt in educating students about the concepts of the various analytical testing methods. The book has been written to cater to the needs of the B. Pharm. students in accordance with the AICTE syllabus. It can also serve as a supplementary text for the Pharm. D., D. Pharm. and the B. Sc. (Analytical Chemistry) students. Salient Features Easy narrative language encasing a student-friendly approach Basic theoretical concepts of analytical chemistry for essential understanding of the subject Experimental methods and design presented in detailed easy-to-follow formats Derivation of equivalent factor of all the drug assays mentioned in the book Coverage of all the parameters like IP limit, theory related to practical, procedure, preparation and standardization of solutions, assay procedure, complete calculations, pharmaceutical use, etc. Comprehensive presentation of testing methods and observations in a tabular form for enhanced visualization and learning Observation tables, calculations and precautions included for quick reference A must buy for all pharma students! |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Principles of Chemical Nomenclature G. J. Leigh, 2011 Aimed at pre-university and undergraduate students, this volume surveys the current IUPAC nomenclature recommendations in organic, inorganic and macromolecular chemistry. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry K. S. Birdi, 2002-08-27 The science of surface and colloid chemistry has been expanding at a rapid pace, resulting in new areas of development, additional applications, and more theoretical and experimental information on related systems. Completely revised and expanded to reflect the very active worldwide research on this subject, this is the definitive handbook for the |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry John H. Moore, Nicholas D. Spencer, 2023-07-03 The Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics introduces possibly unfamiliar areas, explains important experimental and computational techniques, and describes modern endeavors. The encyclopedia quickly provides the basics, defines the scope of each subdiscipline, and indicates where to go for a more complete and detailed explanation. Particular attention has been paid to symbols and abbreviations to make this a user-friendly encyclopedia. Care has been taken to ensure that the reading level is suitable for the trained chemist or physicist. The encyclopedia is divided in three major sections: FUNDAMENTALS: the mechanics of atoms and molecules and their interactions, the macroscopic and statistical description of systems at equilibrium, and the basic ways of treating reacting systems. The contributions in this section assume a somewhat less sophisticated audience than the two subsequent sections. At least a portion of each article inevitably covers material that might also be found in a modern, undergraduate physical chemistry text. METHODS: the instrumentation and fundamental theory employed in the major spectroscopic techniques, the experimental means for characterizing materials, the instrumentation and basic theory employed in the study of chemical kinetics, and the computational techniques used to predict the static and dynamic properties of materials. APPLICATIONS: specific topics of current interest and intensive research. For the practicing physicist or chemist, this encyclopedia is the place to start when confronted with a new problem or when the techniques of an unfamiliar area might be exploited. For a graduate student in chemistry or physics, the encyclopedia gives a synopsis of the basics and an overview of the range of activities in which physical principles are applied to chemical problems. It will lead any of these groups to the salient points of a new field as rapidly as possible and gives pointers as to where to read about the topic in more detail. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction (1966) Frank Brescia, 2012-12-02 Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction focuses on the formulas, processes, and methodologies used in the study of chemistry. The book first looks at general and historical remarks, definitions of chemical terms, and the classification of matter and states of aggregation. The text then discusses gases. Ideal gases; pressure of a gas confined by a liquid; Avogadro's Law; and Graham's Law are described. The book also discusses aggregated states of matter, atoms and molecules, chemical equations and arithmetic, thermochemistry, and chemical periodicity. The text also highlights the electronic structures of atoms. Quantization of electricity; spectra of elements; quantization of the energy of an electron associated with nucleus; the Rutherford-Bohr nuclear theory; hydrogen atom; and representation of the shapes of atomic orbitals are explained. The text also highlights the types of chemical bonds, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, intermolecular forces, solutions, and chemical equilibrium. The book focuses as well on ionic solutions, galvanic cells, and acids and bases. It also discusses the structure and basicity of hydrides and oxides. The reactivity of hydrides; charge of dispersal and basicity; effect of anionic charge; inductive effect and basicity; and preparation of acids are described. The book is a good source of information for readers wanting to study chemistry. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Separations Chemistry Fedor Macášek, James D. Navratil, 2016-06-06 Separation of chemical species is a gate to final success of synthesis and preparation of compounds in pure and defined state. Variability of natural and artificial mixtures to be treated is enormous. Task of chemistry is to separate components of homogeneous mixtures (the gaseous and liquid solutions). The book concentrates on understanding the basic philosophies of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical thermodynamics and engineering performance that lay in principle of separation technique such as distillation, crystallization, centrifugation, sorption, membrane separations, chromatography, and liquid-liquid extraction. Specific phenomena connected with photochemical separation, isotope composition, and radioactivity are discussed as well. The book is written for advanced students of chemistry having the knowledge of physical chemistry. Calculation examples are based on the international system of units. Unique list of over 1,300 full references covers scientific literature of the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: COSMO-RS Andreas Klamt, 2005-07-26 The COSMO-RS technique is a novel method for predicting the thermodynamic properties of pure and mixed fluids which are important in many areas, ranging from chemical engineering to drug design. COSMO-RS, From Quantum Chemistry to Fluid Phase Thermodynamics and Drug Design is about this novel technology, which has recently proven to be the most reliable and efficient tool for the prediction of vapour-liquid equilibria. In contrast to group contribution methods, which depend on an extremely large number of experimental data, COSMO-RS calculates the thermodynamic data from molecular surface polarity distributions, resulting from quantum chemical calculations of the individual compounds in the mixture. In this book, the author cleverly combines a vivid overview of the partly demanding theoretical steps with a deeper analysis of their scientific background and justification. Aimed at theoretical chemists, computational chemists, physical chemists, chemical engineers, thermodynamicists as well as students,academic and industrial experts, COSMO-RS, From Quantum Chemistry to Fluid Phase Thermodynamics and Drug Design provides a novel viewpoint to anyone looking to gain more insight into the theory and potential of the unique method, COSMO-RS. - The only book currently available on COSMO-RS technique - Provides a novel viewpoint for the scientific understanding and for the practical quantitative treatment of fluid phase thermodynamics - Includes illustrative examples of the COSMOtherm program |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Biophysical Chemistry John T. Edsall, Jeffries Wyman, 2014-05-12 Biophysical Chemistry, Volume I: Thermodynamics, Electrostatics, and the Biological Significance of the Properties of Matter focuses on the biological aspects of the properties of matter, putting emphasis on the chemical elements, water and carbon dioxide, complex molecules, and proteins. The publication first elaborates on biochemistry and geochemistry, water and its biological significance, and the problems of protein structure. Discussions focus on the number of peptide chains in the molecule and nature of terminal groups, latent heat of fusion, characteristics of the amino acids derived from proteins, expansion of water in freezing, and the relative abundance of chemical elements in the universe. The text then takes a look at thermodynamics and the application to polar molecules and ionic solutions of electrostatics, including free energy of a charged sphere, image charges, salting-out effect, expressions for the change of fundamental thermodynamic functions, and chemical potentials. The book examines the conductivity of electrolytes, acid-base equilibria, and polybasic acids, bases, and ampholytes, including proteins. Topics include ionization of cysteine, isoelectric points of polyvalent ampholytes, hemoglobin, nature of acids and bases, measurement of conductivity, electrolytes as conductors, and the moving boundary method of determining transference numbers. The manuscript is a dependable reference for chemists and researchers interested in thermodynamics, electrostatics, and the biological value of the properties of matter. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Asthana Abhilasha & Asthana, Reetesh Kumar, 2011 The book has been designed to cover all the topics related to Physical and Inorganic Chemistry of B.Pharma students of RGPV, Bhopal and all other Indian universities. The textbook provides the indeph information. All updated usual topics are explained in very simple language, from weak to extremely brilliant, will find something of interest to them in the chapters. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Progress in Physical Organic Chemistry Andrew Streitwieser, 2009-09-17 Progress in Physical Organic Chemistry is dedicated to reviewing the latest investigations into organic chemistry that use quantitative and mathematical methods. These reviews help readers understand the importance of individual discoveries and what they mean to the field as a whole. Moreover, the authors, leading experts in their fields, offer unique and thought-provoking perspectives on the current state of the science and its future directions. With so many new findings published in a broad range of journals, Progress in Physical Organic Chemistry fills the need for a central resource that presents, analyzes, and contextualizes the major advances in the field. The articles published in Progress in Physical Organic Chemistry are not only of interest to scientists working in physical organic chemistry, but also scientists working in the many subdisciplines of chemistry in which physical organic chemistry approaches are now applied, such as biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials and polymer science. Among the topics explored in this series are reaction mechanisms; reactive intermediates; combinatorial strategies; novel structures; spectroscopy; chemistry at interfaces; stereochemistry; conformational analysis; quantum chemical studies; structure-reactivity relationships; solvent, isotope and solid-state effects; long-lived charged, sextet or open-shell species; magnetic, non-linear optical and conducting molecules; and molecular recognition. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY - Volume II Sergio Carrà, 2009-05-05 Fundamentals of Chemistry theme in two volumes, is a component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme is organized into six different topics which represent the main scientific areas : History and Fundamentals of Chemistry; Chemical Experimentation and Instrumentation; Theoretical Approach to Chemistry; Chemical Thermodynamics; Rates of Chemical Reactions; Chemical Synthesis of Substances. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Treatise on Solid State Chemistry N. Hannay, 2012-12-06 The last quarter-century has been marked by the extremely rapid growth of the solid-state sciences. They include what is now the largest subfield of physics, and the materials engineering sciences have likewise flourished. And, playing an active role throughout this vast area of science and engineer ing have been very large numbers of chemists. Yet, even though the role of chemistry in the solid-state sciences has been a vital one and the solid-state sciences have, in turn, made enormous contributions to chemical thought, solid-state chemistry has not been recognized by the general body of chemists as a major subfield of chemistry. Solid-state chemistry is not even well defined as to content. Some, for example, would have it include only the quantum chemistry of solids and would reject thermodynamics and phase equilibria; this is nonsense. Solid-state chemistry has many facets, and one of the purposes of this Treatise is to help define the field. Perhaps the most general characteristic of solid-state chemistry, and one which helps differentiate it from solid-state physics, is its focus on the chemical composition and atomic configuration of real solids and on the relationship of composition and structure to the chemical and physical properties of the solid. Real solids are usually extremely complex and exhibit almost infinite variety in their compositional and structural features. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Physical Chemistry Gaurav Madan, 2007 A textbook for B.Sc Classes as per the UGC Model Syllabus. The book is visually beautiful and authors communicate their enthusiasm and enjoyment of the subject in every chapter. This textbook is currently in use at hundreds of colleges and universities throughout the country and is a national best-seller. There are hundreds of computer-generated coloured diagrams, graphs, photos and tables . |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications Juma Haydary, 2018-12-13 A comprehensive and example oriented text for the study of chemical process design and simulation Chemical Process Design and Simulation is an accessible guide that offers information on the most important principles of chemical engineering design and includes illustrative examples of their application that uses simulation software. A comprehensive and practical resource, the text uses both Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys simulation software. The author describes the basic methodologies for computer aided design and offers a description of the basic steps of process simulation in Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys. The text reviews the design and simulation of individual simple unit operations that includes a mathematical model of each unit operation such as reactors, separators, and heat exchangers. The author also explores the design of new plants and simulation of existing plants where conventional chemicals and material mixtures with measurable compositions are used. In addition, to aid in comprehension, solutions to examples of real problems are included. The final section covers plant design and simulation of processes using nonconventional components. This important resource: Includes information on the application of both the Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys software that enables a comparison of the two software systems Combines the basic theoretical principles of chemical process and design with real-world examples Covers both processes with conventional organic chemicals and processes with more complex materials such as solids, oil blends, polymers and electrolytes Presents examples that are solved using a new version of Aspen software, ASPEN One 9 Written for students and academics in the field of process design, Chemical Process Design and Simulation is a practical and accessible guide to the chemical process design and simulation using proven software. |
| define coefficient in chemistry: Essays in Structural Chemistry A. J. Downs, 2012-12-06 This book deals with selected aspects of structural chemistry, concentrating particularly on molecular and Raman spectroscopy. The authors of the various chapters were chosen from friends, colleagues and past students of Len Woodward. It is our hope that the book will prove useful both to honours students and to research workers. We would like to thank all our contributors for their willing cooperation in this endeavour. We are also grateful to all those who have given permission for the reproduction of copyright material from other publica tions; specific acknowledgments are made in each chapter. We are par ticularly indebted to the Principal and Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford, and the artist, H. A. Freeth, R.A., for permission to reproduce the portrait of Len Woodward which forms the frontispiece. Our thanks are also due to Mrs. J. Stevenson, who undertook a great deal of the secretarial work associated with the organization of this volume, and to Mr. P. Espe who photographed the portrait. The royalties from the sale of this book will, in the first instance, go to Jesus College, Oxford, and will be used for the establishment of a prize to be associated with Len Woodward's name. |
DEFINE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINE is to determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of. How to use define in a sentence.
DEFINE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Define definition: to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).. See examples of DEFINE used in a sentence.
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like. We were unable to define what exactly was wrong with him. [ VERB wh ]
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
define - show the form or outline of; "The tree was clearly defined by the light"; "The camera could define the smallest object"
DEFINE - Definition & Meaning - Reverso English Dictionary
Define definition: state the meaning of a word or phrase. Check meanings, examples, usage tips, pronunciation, domains, related words.
define - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 13, 2025 · define (third-person singular simple present defines, present participle defining, simple past and past participle defined) To determine with precision; to mark out with …
Define: Definition, Meaning, and Examples - usdictionary.com
Dec 24, 2024 · The word "define" means to explain or clarify the meaning of something or to establish boundaries and parameters. It is a versatile word used in many contexts, from …
Define Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Define Sentence Examples The child's eagerness and interest carry her over many obstacles that would be our undoing if we stopped to define and explain everything. It will not be welfare (or, …
DEFINITION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINITION is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol. How to use definition in a sentence.
DEFINE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINE is to determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of. How to use define in a sentence.
DEFINE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Define definition: to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).. See examples of DEFINE used in a …
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe …
DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Di…
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like. We were unable to define what exactly was wrong with him. [ VERB wh ]
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
define - show the form or outline of; "The tree was clearly defined by the light"; "The camera could define the smallest object"
