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| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies Thomas M. Leitch, 2017 This collection of forty new essays, written by the leading scholars in adaptation studies and distinguished contributors from outside the field, is the most comprehensive volume on adaptation ever published. Written to appeal alike to specialists in adaptation, scholars in allied fields, and general readers, it hearkens back to the foundations of adaptation studies a century and more ago, surveys its ferment of activity over the past twenty years, and looks forward to the future. It considers the very different problems in adapting the classics, from the Bible to Frankenstein to Philip Roth, and the commons, from online mashups and remixes to adult movies. It surveys a dizzying range of adaptations around the world, from Latin American telenovelas to Czech cinema, from Hong Kong comics to Classics Illustrated, from Bollywood to zombies, and explores the ways media as different as radio, opera, popular song, and videogames have handled adaptation. Going still further, it examines the relations between adaptation and such intertextual practices as translation, illustration, prequels, sequels, remakes, intermediality, and transmediality. The volume's contributors consider the similarities and differences between adaptation and history, adaptation and performance, adaptation and revision, and textual and biological adaptation, casting an appreciative but critical eye on the theory and practice of adaptation scholars--and, occasionally, each other. The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies offers specific suggestions for how to read, teach, create, and write about adaptations in order to prepare for a world in which adaptation, already ubiquitous, is likely to become ever more important. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Adaptation-level Theory Harry Helson, 1964 |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Adapting Tests in Linguistic and Cultural Situations Dragoş Iliescu, 2017-11-02 This book provides a practical but scientifically grounded step-by-step approach to the adaptation of tests in linguistic and cultural contexts. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Todd K. Shackelford, 2020-03-11 This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Evolutionary Psychology David Buss, 2015-10-02 This book examines human psychology and behavior through the lens of modern evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary Psychology: The Ne w Science of the Mind, 5/e provides students with the conceptual tools of evolutionary psychology, and applies them to empirical research on the human mind. Content topics are logically arrayed, starting with challenges of survival, mating, parenting, and kinship; and then progressing to challenges of group living, including cooperation, aggression, sexual conflict, and status, prestige, and social hierarchies. Students gain a deep understanding of applying evolutionary psychology to their own lives and all the people they interact with. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Emotion and Adaptation Richard S. Lazarus, 1991 This work provides a complete theory of the emotional processes, explaining how different emotions are elicited and expressed, and how the emotional range of individuals develops over their lifetime. The author's approach puts emotion in a central role as a complex, patterned, organic reaction to both daily events and long-term efforts on the part of the individual to survive, flourish and achieve. In his view, emotions cannot be divorced from other functions - whether biological, social or cognitive - and express the intimate, personal meaning of what individuals experience. As coping and adapting processes, they are seen as part of the on-going effort to monitor changes, stimuli and stresses arising from the environment. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Adapted Mind Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, 1992 Although researchers have long been aware that the species-typical architecture of the human mind is the product of our evolutionary history, it has only been in the last three decades that advances in such fields as evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, and paleoanthropology have made the fact of our evolution illuminating. Converging findings from a variety of disciplines are leading to the emergence of a fundamentally new view of the human mind, and with it a new framework for the behavioral and social sciences. First, with the advent of the cognitive revolution, human nature can finally be defined precisely as the set of universal, species-typical information-processing programs that operate beneath the surface of expressed cultural variability. Second, this collection of cognitive programs evolved in the Pleistocene to solve the adaptive problems regularly faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors - problems such as mate selection, language acquisition, co-operation, and sexual infidelity. Consequently, the traditional view of the mind as a general-purpose computer, tabula rasa, or passive recipient of culture is being replaced by the view that the mind resembles an intricate network of functionally specialized computers, each of which imposes contentful structure on human mental organization and culture. The Adapted Mind explores this new approach - evolutionary psychology - and its implications for a new view of culture. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros, Athanase Benetos, Jean-Marie Robine, 2019-01-24 Recent studies show that more people than ever before are reaching old age in better health and enjoying that health for a longer time. This Handbook outlines the latest discoveries in the study of aging from bio-medicine, psychology, and socio-demography. It treats the study of aging as a multidisciplinary scientific subject, since it requires the interplay of broad disciplines, while offering high motivation, positive attitudes, and behaviors for aging well, and lifestyle changes that will help people to stay healthier across life span and in old age. Written by leading scholars from various academic disciplines, the chapters delve into the most topical aspects of aging today - including biological mechanisms of aging, aging with health, active and productive aging, aging with satisfaction, aging with respect, and aging with dignity. Aimed at health professionals as well as general readers, this Cambridge Handbook offers a new, positive approach to later life. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety Christina Rudin-Brown, Samantha Jamson, 2013-05-24 Despite being an accepted construct in traffic and transport psychology, the precise nature of behavioural adaptation, including its causes and consequences, has not yet been established within the road safety community. A comprehensive collection of recent literature, Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety: Theory, Evidence, and Action explores behavioural adaptation in road users. It examines behavioural adaptation within the context of historical and theoretical perspectives, and puts forth tangible—and practical—solutions that can effectively address adverse behavioural adaptation to road safety interventions before it occurs. Edited by Christina Rudin-Brown and Samantha Jamson, with chapters authored by leading road safety experts in driver psychology and behaviour, the book introduces the concept of behavioural adaptation and details its more relevant issues. It reviews the definition of behavioural adaptation that was put forward by the OECD in 1990 and then puts this definition through its paces, identifying where it may be lacking and how it might be improved. This sets the context for the remaining chapters which take the OECD definition as their starting points. The book discusses the various theories and models of behavioural adaptation and more general theories of driver behaviour developed during the last half century. It provides examples of the evidence for behavioural adaptation—instances in which behavioural adaptation arose as a consequence of the introduction of safety countermeasures. The book then focuses on the internal, human element and considers countermeasures that might be used to limit the development of behavioural adaptation in various road user groups. The book concludes with practical tools and methodologies to address behavioural adaptation in research and design, and to limit the potential negative effects before they happen. Supplying easy-to-understand, accessible solutions that can be implemented early on in a road safety intervention’s design or conception phase, the chapters represent the most extensive compilation of literature relating to behavioural adaptation and its consequences since the 1990 OECD report. The book brings together earlier theories of behavioural adaptation with more recent theories in the area and combines them with practical advice, methods, and tangible solutions that can minimise the potential negative impact of behavioural adaptation on road user safety and address it before it occurs. It is an essential component of any road safety library, and should be of particular relevance to researchers, practitioners, designers, and policymakers who are interested in maximizing safety while at the same time encouraging innovation and excellence in road transport-related design. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Adapting Psychological Tests and Measurement Instruments for Cross-Cultural Research Vladimir Hedrih, 2019-12-06 Adapting Psychological Tests and Measurement Instruments for Cross-Cultural Research provides an easy-to-read overview of the methodological issues and best practices for cross-cultural adaptation of psychological instruments. Although the development of cross-cultural test adaption methodology has advanced in recent years, the discussion is often pitched at an expert level and requires an advanced knowledge of statistics, psychometrics and scientific methodology. This book, however, introduces the history and concepts of cross-cultural psychometrics in a pedagogic and simple manner. It evaluates key ethical, cultural, methodological and legal issues in cross-cultural psychometrics and provides a guide to test adaptation, data analysis and interpretation. Written in an accessible manner, this book builds an understanding of the methodological, ethical and legal complexities of cross-cultural test adaptation and presents methods for test adaptation, including the basic statistical procedures for evaluating the equivalence of test versions. It would be the ideal companion for undergraduate students and those new to psychometrics. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Acculturation and Psychological Adaptation Vanessa S. Castro, 2003-01-30 This volume addresses the psychological impact of interethnic contact and acculturation in Latin American settings, focusing on the effects of acculturation on self-esteem among adolescents. Opening with an account of relevant theoretical and empirical literature on interethnic contact and acculturation, this book represents an acid test of the cross-cultural applicability of theory and method largely derived from research on acculturation to North American and European settings. Much research has focused on acculturation processes among ethnic immigrants and ethnic minorities leading to the impression that host or majority groups remain unchangeable during acculturation. By contrast, this volume shows that psychological changes occur in all groups involved in the contact, reinforcing the idea that acculturation is a special case of mutual influence. This book will be of special interest for researchers, scholars or students seeking to understand the acculuturation process outside North America and Europe. Strong evidence is pressented showing the development of positive ties with both one's own and other relevant groups provides a more solid basis for self-esteem than relinquishing ties to the ethnic group of reference. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Career Adaptability Mark Savickas, 2021-04-28 Academic book that reports research on the psychology of career adaptability |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Roy Adaptation Model Callista Roy, Heather A. Andrews, 1999 Compact and consistent, this book focuses on the essentials of nursing practice and theory while integrating the conceptual framework of the Model into contemporary practice. Standardized nursing NANDA diagnoses are used consistently throughout the book. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Oxford Textbook of Migrant Psychiatry Dinesh Bhugra, 2021-02-04 Migrant psychiatry is an evolving subdiscipline within cultural psychiatry that deals with the impact of migration on the mental health of those who have migrated and those who work with these groups and provide services to them. Stress related to migration affects migrants and their extended families either directly or indirectly. The process of migration is not just a phase, but leads on to a series of adjustments, including acculturation, which may occur across generations. Factors such as changes in diet, attitudes and beliefs, and overall adjustment are important in settling down and making the individuals feel secure. This period of adjustment will depend upon the individual migrant's pre-migration experiences, migration process and post-migration experiences, but also upon an individual's personality, social support and emotional response to migration. Socio-demographic factors, such as age, gender, educational, and economic status will all play a role in post-migration adjustment. In order to understand the impact on individuals, not only the type of migration and different stressors, but also the types of psychological mechanisms at a personal level and the resources and processes at a societal level need to be explored. Despite the number of refugees and asylum seekers around the world increasing at an astonishing rate, the mental health needs of migrants are often ignored by policy makers and clinicians. The Oxford Textbook of Migrant Psychiatry is designed to serve as the comprehensive reference resource on the mental health of migrants, bringing together both theoretical and practical aspects of the mental health needs of refugees and asylum seekers for researchers and professionals. Individual chapters summarise theoretical constructs related to theories of migration, the impact of migration on mental health and adjustment, collective trauma, individual identity and diagnostic fallacies. The book also covers the practical aspects of patient management including cultural factors, ethnopsychopharmacology, therapeutic interaction and therapeutic expectation, and psychotherapy. Finally, the book will examine special clinical problems and special patient groups. Part of the authoritative Oxford Textbooks in Psychiatry series, this resource will serve as an essential reference for psychiatrists, mental health professionals, general practitioners/primary care physicians, social workers, policy makers and voluntary agencies dealing with refugees and asylum seekers. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences Thomas Heams, Philippe Huneman, Guillaume Lecointre, Marc Silberstein, 2014-11-23 The Darwinian theory of evolution is itself evolving and this book presents the details of the core of modern Darwinism and its latest developmental directions. The authors present current scientific work addressing theoretical problems and challenges in four sections, beginning with the concepts of evolution theory, its processes of variation, heredity, selection, adaptation and function, and its patterns of character, species, descent and life. The second part of this book scrutinizes Darwinism in the philosophy of science and its usefulness in understanding ecosystems, whilst the third section deals with its application in disciplines beyond the biological sciences, including evolutionary psychology and evolutionary economics, Darwinian morality and phylolinguistics. The final section addresses anti-Darwinism, the creationist view and issues around teaching evolution in secondary schools. The reader learns how current experimental biology is opening important perspectives on the sources of variation, and thus of the very power of natural selection. This work examines numerous examples of the extension of the principle of natural selection and provides the opportunity to critically reflect on a rich theory, on the methodological rigour that presides in its extensions and exportations, and on the necessity to measure its advantages and also its limits. Scholars interested in modern Darwinism and scientific research, its concepts, research programs and controversies will find this book an excellent read, and those considering how Darwinism might evolve, how it can apply to the human sciences and other disciplines beyond its origins will find it particularly valuable. Originally produced in French (Les Mondes Darwiniens), the scope and usefulness of the book have led to the production of this English text, to reach a wider audience. This book is a milestone in the impressive penetration by Francophone scholars into the world of Darwinian science, its historiography and philosophy over the last two decades. Alex Rosenberg, R. Taylor Cole Professor of Philosophy, Duke University Until now this useful and comprehensive handbook has only been available to francophones. Thanks to this invaluable new translation, this collection of insightful and original essays can reach the global audience it deserves. Tim Lewens, University of Cambridge |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy Regina Lederman, Karen Weis, 2009-09-16 presented in the Introduction (Chapter 1). The focus of Chapter 1 is twofold: (1) to present the research foundations for the psychophysiological correlates of prenatal psychosocial adaptation and the seven prenatal personality dimensions with progress in labor and birth outcomes, and particularly (2) to present the theory underlying the seven dimensions of prenatal psychosocial adaptation, which are further analyzed in the following seven chapters. Chapters 2–8 present a content analysis of the interview responses to the seven significant prenatal personality dimensions that are predictive of pregnancy adap- tion, progress in labor, birth outcomes, and postpartum maternal psychosocial adaptation, and they include: (1) Acceptance of Pregnancy, (2) Identification with a Motherhood Role, (3) Relationship with Mother, (4) Relationship with Husband, (5) Preparation for Labor, (6) (Prenatal) Fear of Pain, Helplessness, and Loss of Control in Labor, and (7) (Prenatal) Fear of Loss of Self-Esteem in Labor. There is no other comparable comprehensive, in-depth, prenatal personality research or empirical and content analysis of pregnancy-specific dimensions of maternal psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, Or, The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life Charles Darwin, 1896 |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Human Quest for Meaning Paul T. P. Wong, 2013-06-19 The first edition of The Human Quest for Meaning was a major publication on the empirical research of meaning in life and its vital role in well-being, resilience, and psychotherapy. This new edition continues that quest and seeks to answer the questions, what is the meaning of life? How do we explain what constitutes meaningful relationships, work, and living? The answers, as the eminent scholars and practitioners who contributed to this text find, are neither simple nor straightforward. While seeking to clarify subjective vs. objective meaning in 21 new and 7 revised chapters, the authors also address the differences in cultural contexts, and identify 8 different sources of meaning, as well as at least 6 different stages in the process of the search for meaning. They also address different perspectives, including positive psychology, self-determination, integrative, narrative, and relational perspectives, to ensure that readers obtain the most thorough information possible. Mental health practitioners will find the numerous meaning-centered interventions, such as the PURE and ABCDE methods, highly useful in their own work with facilitating healing and personal growth in their clients. The Human Quest for Meaning represents a bold new vision for the future of meaning-oriented research and applications. No one seeking to truly understand the human condition should be without it. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Living on the Fault Line, Revised Edition Geoffrey A. Moore, 2002-08-20 The fault line -- that dangerous, unstable seam in the economy where powerful innovations and savage competition meet and create market-shattering tremors. Every company lives on it; no manager can control it. In the original edition of Living on the Fault Line, Geoffrey Moore presented a compelling argument for using shareholder value (or share price) as the key driver in management decisions. Moore now revisits his argument in the post-Internet bubble world, proving that the methods he espouses are more germane than ever and showing companies how to use them to survive and thrive in today's demanding economy. Extending the themes of Crossing the Chasm and Inside the Tornado, his first two books on the dynamics of the high-tech markets, Moore shows why sensitivity to stock price is the single most important lever for managing in the future, both as a leading indicator of shifts in competitive advantage and as an employee motivator for making necessary changes in organizations heretofore impervious to change. This revised and updated edition includes: A deeper emphasis on core versus context, which has emerged as the key distinction in allocating resources to improve shareholder value A new Competitive Advantage Grid that will aid managers in achieving and sustaining competitive advantage, the most important component in managing for shareholder value An expanded Value Discipline Model as it relates to the Competitive Advantage Grid Analysis of the powerful new trend toward core/context analysis and outsourcing production duties Updated models of organizational change for each stage of market development As disruptive forces continue to buffet the marketplace and rattle the staid practices of the past, Moore offers a brilliant set of navigational tools to help meet today's most compelling management challenges. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Psychological Sense of Community Adrian T. Fisher, Christopher C. Sonn, Brian J. Bishop, 2012-12-06 In this book, the authors have explored a series of different types of communities - moving from the basic idea of those based at a specific location all the way to virtual communities of the internet. A key feature of this book is the research focus that emphasizes the theory-driven analyses and the diversity of contexts in which sense of community is applied. The book will be of great interest to those concerned with understanding various forms of community and how communities can be mobilized to achieve wellbeing. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology Neil J. Salkind, Kristin Rasmussen, 2008-01-17 The field of educational psychology draws from a variety of diverse disciplines including human development across the life span, measurement and statistics, learning and motivation, and teaching. And within these different disciplines, many other fields are featured including psychology, anthropology, education, sociology, public health, school psychology, counseling, history, and philosophy. In fact, when taught at the college or university level, educational psychology is an ambitious course that undertakes the presentation of many different topics all tied together by the theme of how the individual can best function in an educational setting, loosely defined as anything from pre-school through adult education. Educational psychology can be defined as the application of what we know about learning and motivation, development, and measurement and statistics to educational settings (both school- and community-based). |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Adaptation and Natural Selection George Christopher Williams, 2018-10-30 Biological evolution is a fact—but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. When Adaptation and Natural Selection was first published in 1966, it struck a powerful blow against those who argued for the concept of group selection—the idea that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. Williams’s famous work in favor of simple Darwinism over group selection has become a classic of science literature, valued for its thorough and convincing argument and its relevance to many fields outside of biology. Now with a new foreword by Richard Dawkins, Adaptation and Natural Selection is an essential text for understanding the nature of scientific debate. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development Usha Goswami, 2008-04-15 This definitive volume provides state-of-the-art summaries of current research by leading specialists in different areas of cognitive development. Forms part of a series of four Blackwell Handbooks in Developmental Psychology spanning infancy to adulthood. Covers all the major topics in research and theory about childhood cognitive development. Synthesizes the latest research findings in an accessible manner. Includes chapters on abnormal cognitive development and theoretical perspectives, as well as basic research topics. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Adaptive Intelligence Robert J. Sternberg, 2021-02-04 High IQs don't improve the world. Adaptive intelligence does, because it prioritizes the common good over individual success. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Stability of Happiness Kennon M Sheldon, Richard E. Lucas, 2014-07-08 The right to pursue happiness is one of the dominant themes of western culture, and understanding the causes of happiness is one of the primary goals of the positive psychology movement. However, before the causality question can even be considered, a more basic question must be addressed: CAN happiness change? Reasons for skepticism include the notion of a genetic set point for happiness, i.e. a stable personal baseline of happiness to which individuals will always return, no matter how much their lives change for the better; the life-span stability of happiness-related traits such as neuroticism and extraversion; and the powerful processes of hedonic adaptation, which erode the positive effects of any fortuitous life change. This book investigates prominent theories on happiness with the research evidence to discuss when and how happiness changes and for how long. - Identifies all major theories of happiness - Reviews empirical results on happiness longevity/stability - Discusses mitigating factors in what influences happiness longevity |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: ADKAR Jeff Hiatt, 2006 In his first complete text on the ADKAR model, Jeff Hiatt explains the origin of the model and explores what drives each building block of ADKAR. Learn how to build awareness, create desire, develop knowledge, foster ability and reinforce changes in your organization. The ADKAR Model is changing how we think about managing the people side of change, and provides a powerful foundation to help you succeed at change. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation Veerasamy Sejian, John Gaughan, Lance Baumgard, Cadaba Prasad, 2015-03-31 This volume addresses in detail both livestock’s role in climate change and the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Apart from these cardinal principles of climate change and livestock production, this volume also examines the various strategies used to mitigate livestock-related GHG emissions, and those which can reduce the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Presenting information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, the book explores the influence of climate change on livestock production across the globe. The most significant feature of this book is that it addresses in detail the different adaptation strategies and identifies targets for different stakeholders in connection with climate change and livestock production. Further, it puts forward development plans that will allow the livestock industries to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will mitigate the effects by 2025. Lastly, it provides researchers and policymakers several researchable priorities to help develop economically viable solutions for livestock production with less GHG emissions, promoting a cleaner environment in which human beings and livestock can live in harmony without adverse effects on productivity. Given that livestock production systems are sensitive to climate change and at the same are themselves a contributor to the phenomenon, climate change has the potential to pose an increasingly formidable challenge to the development of the livestock sector. However, there is a dearth of scientific information on adapting livestock production to the changing climate; as such, well-founded reference material on sustaining livestock production systems under the changing climate scenarios in different agro-ecological zones of the world is essential. By methodically and extensively addressing all aspects of climate change and livestock production, this volume offers a valuable tool for understanding the hidden intricacies of climatic stress and its influence on livestock production. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Evolution of Human Behavior Warren G. Kinzey, 1987-01-01 This book represents an important meeting ground in the primatology field by exploring the various primate models that have been used in the reconstruction of early human behavior. While some models are based on the proposition that a key behavioral feature such as hunting, eating of seeds or monogamous mating led to the evolutionary separation of apes and humans, other models suggest that one primate species, such as the baboon or chimpanzee, best exemplifies the behavior of our early ancestors. Several contributors to the book take the position that no single primate is a good model and contend instead that a model must be eclectic. One of the more innovative essays suggests that ancestral behavioral states can, in fact, be derived by comparing the behavior of all living hominid (ape and human) species. Additionally, several other contributors analyze and discuss the concept of model-making, noting deficiencies in earlier models while offering suggestions for future development. Although it is true that a powerful conceptual model for reconstructing hominid behavior does not yet exist, The Evolution of Human Behavior: Primate Models suggests ways one may be constructed based on behavioral ecology and evolutionary theory. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: 13 Things Mentally Strong People Don't Do Amy Morin, 2014-12-23 Kick bad mental habits and toughen yourself up.—Inc. Master your mental strength—revolutionary new strategies that work for everyone from homemakers to soldiers and teachers to CEOs. Everyone knows that regular exercise and weight training lead to physical strength. But how do we strengthen ourselves mentally for the truly tough times? And what should we do when we face these challenges? Or as psychotherapist Amy Morin asks, what should we avoid when we encounter adversity? Through her years counseling others and her own experiences navigating personal loss, Morin realized it is often the habits we cannot break that are holding us back from true success and happiness. Indulging in self-pity, agonizing over things beyond our control, obsessing over past events, resenting the achievements of others, or expecting immediate positive results holds us back. This list of things mentally strong people don't do resonated so much with readers that when it was picked up by Forbes.com it received ten million views. Now, for the first time, Morin expands upon the thirteen things from her viral post and shares her tried-and-true practices for increasing mental strength. Morin writes with searing honesty, incorporating anecdotes from her work as a college psychology instructor and psychotherapist as well as personal stories about how she bolstered her own mental strength when tragedy threatened to consume her. Increasing your mental strength can change your entire attitude. It takes practice and hard work, but with Morin's specific tips, exercises, and troubleshooting advice, it is possible to not only fortify your mental muscle but also drastically improve the quality of your life. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Hugging Tree Jill Neimark, 2015-09-15 The Hugging Tree tells the story of a little tree growing all alone on a cliff, by a vast and mighty sea. Through thundering storms and the cold of winter, the tree holds fast. Sustained by the natural world and the kindness and compassion of one little boy, eventually the tree grows until it can hold and shelter others. A Note to Parents and Caregivers by Elizabeth McCallum, PhD, provides more information about resilience, and guidelines for building resilience in children. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Master and Margarita Mikhail Bulgakov, 2016-03-18 Satan comes to Soviet Moscow in this critically acclaimed translation of one of the most important and best-loved modern classics in world literature. The Master and Margarita has been captivating readers around the world ever since its first publication in 1967. Written during Stalin’s time in power but suppressed in the Soviet Union for decades, Bulgakov’s masterpiece is an ironic parable on power and its corruption, on good and evil, and on human frailty and the strength of love. In The Master and Margarita, the Devil himself pays a visit to Soviet Moscow. Accompanied by a retinue that includes the fast-talking, vodka-drinking, giant tomcat Behemoth, he sets about creating a whirlwind of chaos that soon involves the beautiful Margarita and her beloved, a distraught writer known only as the Master, and even Jesus Christ and Pontius Pilate. The Master and Margarita combines fable, fantasy, political satire, and slapstick comedy to create a wildly entertaining and unforgettable tale that is commonly considered the greatest novel to come out of the Soviet Union. It appears in this edition in a translation by Mirra Ginsburg that was judged “brilliant” by Publishers Weekly. Praise for The Master and Margarita “A wild surrealistic romp. . . . Brilliantly flamboyant and outrageous.” —Joyce Carol Oates, The Detroit News “Fine, funny, imaginative. . . . The Master and Margarita stands squarely in the great Gogolesque tradition of satiric narrative.” —Saul Maloff, Newsweek “A rich, funny, moving and bitter novel. . . . Vast and boisterous entertainment.” —The New York Times “The book is by turns hilarious, mysterious, contemplative and poignant. . . . A great work.” —Chicago Tribune “Funny, devilish, brilliant satire. . . . It’s literature of the highest order and . . . it will deliver a full measure of enjoyment and enlightenment.” —Publishers Weekly |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Culture and Islamic Adaptation Psychology Malik Badri, Humanology, 2018-03-15 The indiscriminate exportation of Western psychology to Muslim and third world countries can pose serious cultural and ideological dilemmas. When the exported commodity from North to South is physical in nature, the harm done can easily be identified; for example the quick detection of the life threatening birth defects caused by the drug thalidomide when taken during pregnancy or the flaws in the breaking system of a Japanese car. However, when the exported product is ideas and beliefs and ways of life, the indirect and sneaky damage, is often much more malevolent and long-lasting because it attacks the worldview of the recipients and it shakes their cherished beliefs. Because of its technological supremacy Islamic and developing countries got used to wholeheartedly accepting any information coming from the West if it is under the tag of “science”. By presenting itself under this prestigious ‘mantra’ of science, students in Muslim countries swallow the kernel of psychology with its nutshell; the baby with its filthy water. The danger of this approach is greatly augmented by the shortcomings of our educational systems that discourages critical thinking and encourages the submissive acceptance of the words of the teacher and that of printed material. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Essay Film Timothy Corrigan, 2011-08-01 Why have certain kinds of documentary and non-narrative films emerged as the most interesting, exciting, and provocative movies made in the last twenty years? Ranging from the films of Ross McElwee (Bright Leaves) and Agnès Varda (The Gleaners and I) to those of Abbas Kiarostami (Close Up) and Ari Folman (Waltz with Bashir), such films have intrigued viewers who at the same time have struggled to categorize them. Sometimes described as personal documentaries or diary films, these eclectic works are, rather, best understood as cinematic variations on the essay. So argues Tim Corrigan in this stimulating and necessary new book. Since Michel de Montaigne, essays have been seen as a lively literary category, and yet--despite the work of pioneers like Chris Marker--seldom discussed as a cinematic tradition. The Essay Film, offering a thoughtful account of the long rapport between literature and film as well as novel interpretations and theoretical models, provides the ideas that will change this. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Personality Psychology David M. Buss, Nancy Cantor, 2012-12-06 Research in the field of personality psychology has culminated in a radical departure. The result is Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions. Drs. Buss and Cantor have compiled the innovative research of twenty-five young, outstanding personality psychologists to represent the recent expansion of issues in the fields. Advances in assessment have brought about more powerful methods and the explanatory tools for extending personality psychology beyond its traditional reaches into the areas of cognitive psychology, evolutionary biology, and sociology. This volume represents a significant landmark in the psychology of personality. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology David M. Buss, 2005-07-15 The foundations of practice and the most recent discoveries intheintriguing newfield of evolutionary psychology Why is the mind designed the way it is? How does input from theenvironment interact with the mind to produce behavior? By takingaim at such questions, the science of evolutionary psychology hasemerged as a vibrant new discipline producing groundbreakinginsights. In The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology,leading contributors discuss the foundations of the field as wellas recent discoveries currently shaping this burgeoning area ofpsychology. Guided by an editorial board made up of such luminaries as LedaCosmides, John Tooby, Don Symons, Steve Pinker, Martin Daly, MargoWilson, and Helena Cronin, the text's chapters delve into acomprehensive range of topics, covering the full range of thediscipline: Foundations of evolutionary psychology Survival Mating Parenting and kinship Group living Interfaces with traditional disciplines of evolutionarypsychology And interfaces across disciplines. In addition to an in-depth survey of the theory and practice ofevolutionary psychology, the text also features an enlighteningdiscussion of this discipline in the context of the law, medicine,and culture. An Afterword by Richard Dawkins provides some finalthoughts from the renowned writer and exponent of evolutionarytheory. Designed to set the standard for handbooks in the field,The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is an indispensablereference tool for every evolutionary psychologist and student. |
| definition of adaptation in psychology: Literary Darwinism Joseph Carroll, 2004 First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
Visual adaptation and the purpose of perception - Johns …
Block offers five such indicators: rivalry, pop-out, illusory contours, processing speed, but, first and foremost, adaptation – the phenomenon whereby perceiving a given stimulus feature (e.g. …
General Article Evaluating Evidence of Psychological …
According to this definition, to call an attribute an adaptation one must demonstrate that it increases a creature’s fitness (i.e., leads to differential genetic contributions across …
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION a unit lesson plan for high …
Sensory adaptation: a decline in receptor activity when stimuli are unchanging (e.g., noticing a noisy fan as one first enters a room, yet the noise seems to abate after a short time)
The concept of adaptation : interdisciplinary scope and …
Participating in the movement for better clarification of adaptation to climate change, this paper proposes a semantic and historical study of the concept of adaptation in the strict sense by a …
Exaptation, Adaptation, and Evolutionary Psychology - JSTOR
to show that evolutionary psychology is methodologically flawed in a deep way (see e.g. Pinker 1997b; Buss et al. 1998). Gould. Because of this, in order to push the debate surrounding the …
Theory of Cognitive Adaptation - Springer
The Theory of Cognitive Adaptation (Taylor 1983) posits that humans cope with threats in their lives by creating a set of positive illusions, which serve to protect their psychological health …
The psychology of adaptation - ELTE
adaptation, defined in its broadest sense as a suitable reaction to change, beneficiary for the specie. We invite students to explore theories of adaptation as well as its relevance in various …
Definition Of Adaptation In Psychology (PDF)
Definition Of Adaptation In Psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies Thomas M. Leitch,2017 This collection of forty new essays written by the leading scholars in adaptation …
UNIT 2 THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME AND …
This unit is on general adaptation syndrome and motivation. It starts with general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and discusses the three stages viz., alarm stage, resistance stage and the …
Personality Adaptations and AP3 an Essay - Julie Hay
He does not define personality adaptation, referring first to personality types, personality characteristics and adaptational patterns, and how in growing up we must adapt by remaining …
Definition Of Adaptation In Psychology - origin-biomed.waters
definition of adaptation in psychology: Adapting Tests in Linguistic and Cultural Situations Dragoş Iliescu, 2017-11-02 This book provides a practical but scientifically grounded step-by-step …
1cm Visual adaptation and the purpose of perception
speed, but first and foremost, adaptation — the phenomenon whereby perceiving a given stimulus feature (e.g., blue) temporarily biases perception away from that feature (e.g., towards yellow; …
Exaptation, Adaptation, and Evolutionary Psychology
psychology – the research program emphasising the importance of appealing to evolutionary considerations in the study of the mind – is the claim that it is overly “adaptationist” (for …
Rachel Chapman, Freedom High School (Orlando, FL) …
On your own, compare and contrast sensory adaptation and sensory habituation and mark your thoughts in the chart below. Then, when instructed, compare your responses with your partner.
The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social …
Timely interventions can channel people into what we refer to as a cycle of adaptive potential. This is a series of reciprocally reinforcing interactions between the self-system and a social …
Personal meaning and psychosocial adaptation in the later years
Psychosocial adaptation is defined as the process of putting oneself in harmony with the changing circumstances of life so as to enhance one’s sense of competence, identity, well-being and …
Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA) - Penn State
The environment of evolutionary adapt-edness (EEA) refers to a group of selection pres-sures occurring during an adaptation’s period of evolution responsible for producing the adapta-tion …
Adaptation et neurosciences II : adaptation biologique, …
Adaptation is examined at the individual as well as various environmental levels: biological, psychological, and social. We then briefly discuss, from a neuroscientific perspective, the …
What is Resilience? - SAGE Journals
Fundamentally, resilience refers to positive adaptation, or the ability to maintain or regain mental health, despite experiencing adversity.1 Definitions have evolved as scientific knowledge has …
What Is ClInICal PsyChology? - Pearson
Definition of Clinical Psychology The definition of clinical psychology adopted by the American Psychological Association’s Divi-sion of Clinical Psychology reads as follows: “The field of …
Visual adaptation and the purpose of perception - Johns …
Block offers five such indicators: rivalry, pop-out, illusory contours, processing speed, but, first and foremost, adaptation – the phenomenon whereby perceiving a given stimulus feature (e.g. …
General Article Evaluating Evidence of Psychological …
According to this definition, to call an attribute an adaptation one must demonstrate that it increases a creature’s fitness (i.e., leads to differential genetic contributions across …
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION a unit lesson plan for high …
Sensory adaptation: a decline in receptor activity when stimuli are unchanging (e.g., noticing a noisy fan as one first enters a room, yet the noise seems to abate after a short time)
The concept of adaptation : interdisciplinary scope and …
Participating in the movement for better clarification of adaptation to climate change, this paper proposes a semantic and historical study of the concept of adaptation in the strict sense by a …
Exaptation, Adaptation, and Evolutionary Psychology - JSTOR
to show that evolutionary psychology is methodologically flawed in a deep way (see e.g. Pinker 1997b; Buss et al. 1998). Gould. Because of this, in order to push the debate surrounding the …
Theory of Cognitive Adaptation - Springer
The Theory of Cognitive Adaptation (Taylor 1983) posits that humans cope with threats in their lives by creating a set of positive illusions, which serve to protect their psychological health …
The psychology of adaptation - ELTE
adaptation, defined in its broadest sense as a suitable reaction to change, beneficiary for the specie. We invite students to explore theories of adaptation as well as its relevance in various …
Definition Of Adaptation In Psychology (PDF)
Definition Of Adaptation In Psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies Thomas M. Leitch,2017 This collection of forty new essays written by the leading scholars in adaptation …
UNIT 2 THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME AND …
This unit is on general adaptation syndrome and motivation. It starts with general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and discusses the three stages viz., alarm stage, resistance stage and the …
Personality Adaptations and AP3 an Essay - Julie Hay
He does not define personality adaptation, referring first to personality types, personality characteristics and adaptational patterns, and how in growing up we must adapt by remaining …
Definition Of Adaptation In Psychology - origin …
definition of adaptation in psychology: Adapting Tests in Linguistic and Cultural Situations Dragoş Iliescu, 2017-11-02 This book provides a practical but scientifically grounded step-by-step …
1cm Visual adaptation and the purpose of perception
speed, but first and foremost, adaptation — the phenomenon whereby perceiving a given stimulus feature (e.g., blue) temporarily biases perception away from that feature (e.g., towards yellow; …
Exaptation, Adaptation, and Evolutionary Psychology
psychology – the research program emphasising the importance of appealing to evolutionary considerations in the study of the mind – is the claim that it is overly “adaptationist” (for …
Rachel Chapman, Freedom High School (Orlando, FL) …
On your own, compare and contrast sensory adaptation and sensory habituation and mark your thoughts in the chart below. Then, when instructed, compare your responses with your partner.
The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social …
Timely interventions can channel people into what we refer to as a cycle of adaptive potential. This is a series of reciprocally reinforcing interactions between the self-system and a social …
Personal meaning and psychosocial adaptation in the later …
Psychosocial adaptation is defined as the process of putting oneself in harmony with the changing circumstances of life so as to enhance one’s sense of competence, identity, well-being and …
Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA) - Penn State
The environment of evolutionary adapt-edness (EEA) refers to a group of selection pres-sures occurring during an adaptation’s period of evolution responsible for producing the adapta-tion …
Adaptation et neurosciences II : adaptation biologique, …
Adaptation is examined at the individual as well as various environmental levels: biological, psychological, and social. We then briefly discuss, from a neuroscientific perspective, the …
What is Resilience? - SAGE Journals
Fundamentally, resilience refers to positive adaptation, or the ability to maintain or regain mental health, despite experiencing adversity.1 Definitions have evolved as scientific knowledge has …
What Is ClInICal PsyChology? - Pearson
Definition of Clinical Psychology The definition of clinical psychology adopted by the American Psychological Association’s Divi-sion of Clinical Psychology reads as follows: “The field of …
