Definition Of Crop Science

  definition of crop science: Glossary of Crop Science Terms Robert F. Barnes, James B Beard, 1992 This Glossary of Crop Science Terms was developed by a number of ad hoc committees of the Crop Science Society of America to provide a single glossary of terms for the various disciplines of crop science.
  definition of crop science: Publications Handbook and Style Manual American Society of Agronomy, 1988 Journal management and procedures; Procedures for monographs, books, and other publications; Preparing the manuscript; Conventions and style; Tables, illustrations, and mathematics; Proofreading; Copyright and permission to print; Publication title abbreviations.
  definition of crop science: Crop Science Roxana Savin, Gustavo A. Slafer, 2019-04-06 This book offers a comprehensive and state-of-the-art source reference for understanding the functions and mechanisms responsible for yield and quality determination under a range of conditions. By uncovering relationships and challenges of successful and scalable crop management and breeding, this volume addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. Contemporary agriculture and crop management confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against a background of climate change, including soil and water scarcity and higher temperatures, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability. This book views crop production as an active source of methods, theories, ideas, and tools for application in genetic improvement and agronomy.
  definition of crop science: Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science Shouichi Yoshida, 1981 Growth and development of the rice plant. Climatic environments and its influence. Mineral nutrition of rice. Nutritional disorders. Photosynthesis and respiration. Rice plant characters in relation to yielding ability. Physiological analysis of rice yield.
  definition of crop science: Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Science Breakthroughs 2030: A Strategy for Food and Agricultural Research, 2019-04-21 For nearly a century, scientific advances have fueled progress in U.S. agriculture to enable American producers to deliver safe and abundant food domestically and provide a trade surplus in bulk and high-value agricultural commodities and foods. Today, the U.S. food and agricultural enterprise faces formidable challenges that will test its long-term sustainability, competitiveness, and resilience. On its current path, future productivity in the U.S. agricultural system is likely to come with trade-offs. The success of agriculture is tied to natural systems, and these systems are showing signs of stress, even more so with the change in climate. More than a third of the food produced is unconsumed, an unacceptable loss of food and nutrients at a time of heightened global food demand. Increased food animal production to meet greater demand will generate more greenhouse gas emissions and excess animal waste. The U.S. food supply is generally secure, but is not immune to the costly and deadly shocks of continuing outbreaks of food-borne illness or to the constant threat of pests and pathogens to crops, livestock, and poultry. U.S. farmers and producers are at the front lines and will need more tools to manage the pressures they face. Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 identifies innovative, emerging scientific advances for making the U.S. food and agricultural system more efficient, resilient, and sustainable. This report explores the availability of relatively new scientific developments across all disciplines that could accelerate progress toward these goals. It identifies the most promising scientific breakthroughs that could have the greatest positive impact on food and agriculture, and that are possible to achieve in the next decade (by 2030).
  definition of crop science: Glossary of Soil Science Terms 2008 Soil Science Society of America, 2008 More than 1800 terms are included in this revised glossary. Subject matter includes soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology and biochemistry, pedology, soil and water management and conservation, forest and range soils, nutrient management and soil and plant analysis, mineralogy, wetland soils, and soils and environmental quality. Two appendices on tabular information and designations for soil horizons and layers also are included.
  definition of crop science: Crop Science P. C. Struik, 2001-09-28 This text includes keynote invited papers from the Third International Crop Science Congress held in Hamburg, Germany in August 2000. The papers provide an overview of the major issues confronting crop science today and in the future.
  definition of crop science: Soil Biology Primer , 1999
  definition of crop science: Handbook of Statistics for Teaching and Research in Plant and Crop Science Usha Palaniswamy, 2005-12-08 More than a textbook—it’s also a valuable reference book for researchers and crop science professionals! The Handbook of Statistics for Teaching and Research in Plant and Crop Science presents the fundamental concepts of important statistical methods and experimental designs to the students and researchers who need to apply them to their own specific problems. This comprehensive handbook takes what can be the difficult and confusing topics of statistics and experimental design and explains them in easily understandable terms, making them accessible to nearly every reader. More than a student textbook, it is an essential reference for researchers and professionals in a multitude of fields. Designed as a two-semester statistical textbook, the first section of the Handbook of Statistics for Teaching and Research in Plant and Crop Science focuses on statistical concepts, providing a foundation of useful knowledge on which you can base your own research. The second section concentrates on experimental designs in plant and crop sciences. The material is presented in a way that helps readers with a minimum of mathematical background to understand important theories and concepts. Derivations of formulas are avoided, and mathematical symbols are used only when essential. To illustrate the computational procedures, data is drawn from actual experiments. At the end of each chapter, examples and exercises are given to provide clear insight into real-life problems. A comprehensive appendix of clearly presented statistical tables is included. Part One of Handbook of Statistics for Teaching and Research in Plant and Crop Science focuses on statistical methods, principles, and procedures, exploring: methods of display of statistical information, such as tables, diagrams, graphs, etc. symbols and their use in denoting variables descriptions of types of statistical data methods of computation from raw and graphed data the importance of studying variables and dispersion in research the use of normal probability integral tables and their application to practical problems descriptions of different types of experiments, such as determinate and nondeterminate the significance of expected value in research special techniques in descriptive statistics explanations of population, sample, and statistical inference the significance of null hypothesis in research methods of correlation studies assumptions and principles in regression analysis Part Two concentrates on experimental design, principles and procedures, exploring: basic principles of experimental design the fundamental concepts of linear models and analysis of variance method and layout of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) the advantages and disadvantages of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods and procedures for comparison of several treatment means the important features of Latin Square Design factorial experiments split plot design completely confounded design analysis of covariance the Chi Square Test of Significance the transformation of experimental data quality control and so much more! The Handbook of Statistics for Teaching and Research in Plant and Crop Science serves not only as a textbook for instructors and students in experimental design and statistics but also as a reference book on plant and crop sciences for professionals and researchers. The comprehensive text is also useful for professionals in other statistic-heavy fields.
  definition of crop science: Dictionary of Plant Breeding Rolf H. J. Schlegel, 2020-07-22 One of the oldest scientific traditions, plant breeding began in Neolithic times with methods as simple as saving the seeds of desirable plants and sowing them later. It was not until the re-encounter with Mendel’s discoveries thousands of years later, the genetic basis of breeding was understood. Developments following have provided further insight into how genes acting alone or in concert with other genes and the environment, result in a particular phenotype. From Abaxial to Zymogram, the third edition of Dictionary of Plant Breeding contains clear and useful definitions of the terms associated with plant breeding and related scientific/technological disciplines. It defines jargon; provides helpful tables, examples, and breeding schemes; and includes a list of crop plants with salient details. Packed with data and organized to make that data easy to access, this revised and expanded reference provides comprehensive coverage of the latest discoveries in cytogenetics, molecular genetics, marker-assisted selection, experimental gene transfer, CRISPR technology, seed sciences, crop physiology, and genetically modified crops. Features: Provides a comprehensive list of technical terms used in plant breeding Explores the historical development of crop improvement Discusses applications of molecular genetics and biotechnology Includes numerous figures, drawings, tables, and schemes supplementing the glossary A complex subject, plant breeding draws from many scientific and technological disciplines, often making it difficult to know the precise meanings of many terms and to accurately interpret specific concepts. As in the previous editions, this dictionary unifies concepts by including the specific terms of plant breeding and terms that are adjusted from other disciplines. Drawing on Rolf Schlegel’s 50 years of experience, the book provides an encyclopedic list of commonly used technical terms that reflect the latest developments in the field.
  definition of crop science: Practical Statistics and Experimental Design for Plant and Crop Science Alan G. Clewer, David H. Scarisbrick, 2013-06-17 Presents readers with a user-friendly, non-technical introductionto statistics and the principles of plant and crop experimentation.Avoiding mathematical jargon, it explains how to plan and design anexperiment, analyse results, interpret computer output and presentfindings. Using specific crop and plant case studies, this guidepresents: * The reasoning behind each statistical method is explained beforegiving relevant, practical examples * Step-by-step calculations with examples linked to three computerpackages (MINITAB, GENSTAT and SAS) * Exercises at the end of many chapters * Advice on presenting results and report writing Written by experienced lecturers, this text will be invaluable toundergraduate and postgraduate students studying plant sciences,including plant and crop physiology, biotechnology, plant pathologyand agronomy, plus ecology and environmental science students andthose wanting a refresher or reference book in statistics.
  definition of crop science: Scientific writing for agricultural research scientists Youdeowei, A., Stapleton, P., Obubo, R., 2012-12-31 This new, fully revised edition aims to serve as a guide for agricultural research scientists and other practitioners in writing papers for publication. It also looks to provide a resource manual for training courses in scientific writing. There are three new chapters on reporting statistical results, communicating science to non-scientific audiences and electronic publishing. In addition, the original chapters have all been rewritten to reflect current developments and to make the content more complete and easily comprehensible.
  definition of crop science: Nutrition of Crop Plants Md. Abdul Baset Mia, 2015 Crop nutrition is an essential discipline of plant science of crop production. The importance of crop nutrition for increasing yield and the quality of crops is difficult to explain. In simple words, crop nutrition is the study of uptake and utilization of elements for the growth and development of crop plants.This book includes the classification of essential nutrients in various aspects with special emphasis on the physiological and biochemical functions, and their uptake process through the membrane. Much emphasis has been given on the root structure and rhizosphere in relation to nutrient uptake and their assimilation in the cellular level. The goal of this book is to establish a thorough understanding of plant nutrition. It is a textbook for agriculturists, researchers in the field of crop science, students', and academicians and for crop cultivators as a whole. Finally, it is a consolidated book, comprising different areas of plant nutrition and the stakeholders will benefit from a book like this.
  definition of crop science: Animal Chemistry Justus Freiherr von Liebig, 1843
  definition of crop science: Crop Physiology Victor Sadras, Daniel Calderini, 2014-09-17 From climate change to farming systems to genetic modification of organisms, Crop Physiology, Second Edition provides a practical tool for understanding the relationships and challenges of successful cropping. With a focus on genetic improvement and agronomy, this book addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. The second edition of Crop Physiology continues to provide a unique analysis of these topics while reflecting important changes and advances in the relevant science and implementation systems. Contemporary agriculture confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against the background of soil and water scarcity, worldwide and regional shifts in the patterns of land use driven by both climate change and the need to develop crop-based sources of energy, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability. - Provides a view of crop physiology as an active source of methods, theories, ideas, and tools for application in genetic improvement and agronomy - Written by leading scientists from around the world - Combines environment-specific cropping systems and general principles of crop science to appeal to advanced students, and scientists in agriculture-related disciplines, from molecular sciences to natural resources management
  definition of crop science: Sustainable Intensification Jules N. Pretty, Stella Williams, Camilla Toulmin, 2012-06-25 Continued population growth, rapidly changing consumption patterns and the impacts of climate change and environmental degradation are driving limited resources of food, energy, water and materials towards critical thresholds worldwide. These pressures are likely to be substantial across Africa, where countries will have to find innovative ways to boost crop and livestock production to avoid becoming more reliant on imports and food aid. Sustainable agricultural intensification - producing more output from the same area of land while reducing the negative environmental impacts - represents a solution for millions of African farmers. This volume presents the lessons learned from 40 sustainable agricultural intensification programmes in 20 countries across Africa, commissioned as part of the UK Government's Foresight project. Through detailed case studies, the authors of each chapter examine how to develop productive and sustainable agricultural systems and how to scale up these systems to reach many more millions of people in the future. Themes covered include crop improvements, agroforestry and soil conservation, conservation agriculture, integrated pest management, horticulture, livestock and fodder crops, aquaculture, and novel policies and partnerships.
  definition of crop science: Managing Global Genetic Resources National Research Council, Board on Agriculture, Committee on Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Imperatives, 1993-02-01 This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.
  definition of crop science: Crops and Environmental Change Jeffrey Amthor, Seth Pritchard, 2005-02-07 Examine important global environmental changes that will affect the future of agriculture! Here is a complete introduction to the influence of global environmental changes on the structure, function, and harvestable yield of major field crops. It gives you an in-depth look at the effects of climate change, air pollution, and soil salinization. The book provides an introduction to the ramifications, both positive and negative, of these ongoing environmental changes for present and future crop production and food supply. Crops and Environmental Change: An Introduction to Effects of Global Warming, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 and O3 Concentrations, and Soil Salinization on Crop Physiology and Yield integrates a discussion of the physiological effects of environmental change with background information on basic topics in plant physiology. Numerous charts, tables, and figures are included to assist in understanding the empirical effects of the environment on crops. Topics addressed in Crops and Environmental Change include: the effects of increasing global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration climatic changes associated with increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases the effects of increasing ozone concentrations in the lower atmosphere across large crop-growing regions soil salinization in areas of irrigated crops the causes and trajectories of ongoing environmental changes the implications of environmental changes on the future of crop production and much more! The information in this book is appropriate for newcomers to the field as well as for seasoned professionals. It is written in language accessible to those new to the area and serves as a good jumping off point for more in-depth study. And since it is organized like a traditional plant physiology textbook, it is appropriate for students in the field. For experienced professionals, it acts as a handy refresher/reference tool on the basics of plant physiology. Crops and Environmental Change is a valuable resource for anyone concerned with the future of agriculture. Make it part of your professional/teaching collection today!
  definition of crop science: Fundamentals of Agriculture (Vol. 1-2) R.L. Arya, Sonam Arya, Renu Arya, Janardhan Kumar, 2020-02-18 ‘Fundamentals of Agriculture’ for competitive exams in agriculture discipline contains 6 chapters in volume I and 7 chapters in volume II covering all disciplines of agriculture. The chapters included General Agriculture, Agricultural Climatology, Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Seed Technology and Agronomy in volume I and Soil Science & Agricultural Microbiology, Horticulture, Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agriculture Extension, Agriculture Economics and Agriculture Statistics in Volume II have given due importance and whole syllabus is covered as per ICAR/SAUs syllabus and guidelines. Each chapters contains very short types of descriptive questions. Recent precise information and development in the field of agriculture have been incorporated in the book. For the overall benefit of the student in the discipline of agriculture we have made this book exclusively in such a way that it hands out not only solutions but also detailed explanations. Though these detailed and thorough explanation, student can learn the concepts which will enhance their thinking and learning ability. Thus this book may be useful not only to students but also teachers, researchers, extension workers and development officers for reference and easy answering of many complicated questions of all related disciplines of agriculture. Fundamentals of Agriculture covers the course contents of competitive examinations like IAS, IFS, PCS, ARS, Banking services, B.Sc./M.Sc./Ph.D. (Ag) admission, states and national levels of different competitions in agriculture. The entire book is prepared in most simple, clear, talking language, comprehensive and short descriptive types of questions so that the concepts could be easily understand by the readers in short times. Hence, this book can solve as a single platform for preparation of different competitive examinations in agriculture.
  definition of crop science: Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science (Print) RobertM. Goodman, 2004-02-27 Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science is the first-ever single-source reference work to inclusively cover classic and modern studies in plant biology in conjunction with research, applications, and innovations in crop science and agriculture. From the fundamentals of plant growth and reproduction to developments in agronomy and agricultural science, the encyclopedia's authoritative content nurtures communication between these academically distinct yet intrinsically related fields-offering a spread of clear, descriptive, and concise entries to optimally serve scientists, agriculturalists, policy makers, students, and the general public. ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for both researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options For more information, visit Taylor and Francis Online or contact us to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367 / (E-mail) e-reference@taylorandfrancis.com International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062 / (E-mail) online.sales@tandf.co.uk
  definition of crop science: Perspectives for Agroecosystem Management: Peter Schroder, J. Pfadenhauer, J. Munch, 2011-08-19 Sustainable agriculture is a key concept for scientists, researchers, and agricultural engineers alike. This book focuses on the FAM- project (FAM Munich Research Network on Agroecosystems) of the 1990s as a means to assessing, forecasting, and evaluating changes in the agroecosystems that are necessary for agricultural sustainability. The management of two separate management systems: an organic and an integrated farming system are described to provide an interdisciplinary approach Changes of matter fluxes in soils, changes of trace gas fluxes from soils, precision farming in a small scale heterogen landscape, influence of management changes on flora and fauna, as well as the development of agroecosystem models, the assessment of soil variability and the changes in nutrient status are important aspects of this book.* Contains detailed results and insight of a long-time project on agricultural sustainability* Provides an interdisciplinary approach for comprehensive understanding by scientists and researchers of soil, plants, agriculture, and environment * Includes an international perspective
  definition of crop science: Principles of Seed Science and Technology Lawrence O. Copeland, Miller F. McDonald, 2012-12-06 This Fourth Edition of Principles of Seed Science and Technology, like the fIrst three editions, is written for the advanced undergraduate student or lay person who desires an introduction to the science and technology of seeds. The fIrst nine chapters present the seed as a biological system and cover its origin, development, composition, function (and sometimes nonfunction), performance and ultimate deterioration. The last nine chapters present the fundamentals of how seeds are produced, conditioned, evaluated and distributed in our modern agricultural society. Two new chapters have been added in this fourth edition, one on seed ecology and the second on seed drying. Finally, revisions have been made throughout to reflect changes that have occurred in the seed industry since publication of the Third Edition. Because of the fundamental importance of seeds to both agriculture and to all of society, we have taken great care to present the science and technology of seeds with the respect and feeling this study deserves. We hope that this feeling will be communicated to our readers. Furthermore, we have attempted to present information in a straight-forward, easy-ta-read manner that will be easily understood by students and lay persons alike. Special care has been taken to address both current state-of-the-art as well as future trends in seed technology.
  definition of crop science: Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Crops Ajay Kumar, Avinash Chandra Rai, Ashutosh Rai, Krishna Kumar Rai, Ved Prakash Rai, 2021-05-14 Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies explores concepts, strategies and recent advancements in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops, highlighting the latest advances in molecular breeding, genome sequencing and functional genomics approaches. Further sections present specific insights on different aspects of abiotic stress tolerance from classical breeding, hybrid breeding, speed breeding, epigenetics, gene/quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, transgenics, physiological and biochemical approaches to OMICS approaches, including functional genomics, proteomics and genomics assisted breeding. Due to constantly changing environmental conditions, abiotic stress such as high temperature, salinity and drought are being understood as an imminent threat to horticultural crops, including their detrimental effects on plant growth, development, reproduction, and ultimately, on yield. This book offers a comprehensive resource on new developments that is ideal for anyone working in the field of abiotic stress management in horticultural crops, including researchers, students and educators. - Describes advances in whole genome and next generation sequencing approaches for breeding climate smart horticultural crops - Details advanced germplasm tolerance to abiotic stresses screened in the recent past and their performance - Includes advancements in OMICS approaches in horticultural crops
  definition of crop science: Advancement in Crop Improvement Techniques Narendra Tuteja, Renu Tuteja, Nishat Passricha, Shabnam Saifi, 2020-06-13 Advancement in Crop Improvement Techniques presents updates on biotechnology and molecular biological approaches which have contributed significantly to crop improvement. The book discusses the emerging importance of bioinformatics in analyzing the vast resources of information regarding crop improvement and its practical application and utilization. Throughout this comprehensive resource, emphasis is placed on various techniques used to improve agricultural crops, providing a common platform for the utility of these techniques and their combinations. Written by an international team of contributors, this book provides an in-depth analysis of existing tools and a framework for new research. - Reviews techniques used for crop improvement, from selection and crossing over, to microorganismal approaches - Explores the role of conventional biotechnology in crop improvement - Summarizes the combined approaches of cytogenetics and biotechnology for crop improvement, including the importance of molecular techniques in this process - Focuses on the emerging role of bioinformatics for crop improvement
  definition of crop science: Agronomy Comfort Ateh, 2016
  definition of crop science: Save and Grow Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , 2018-06-22 The book offers a rich toolkit of relevant, adoptable ecosystem-based practices that can help the world's 500 million smallholder farm families achieve higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency while enhancing natural capital.
  definition of crop science: Genetic Engineering of Plants National Research Council, Board on Agriculture, 1984-02-01 The book...is, in fact, a short text on the many practical problems...associated with translating the explosion in basic biotechnological research into the next Green Revolution, explains Economic Botany. The book is a concise and accurate narrative, that also manages to be interesting and personal...a splendid little book. Biotechnology states, Because of the clarity with which it is written, this thin volume makes a major contribution to improving public understanding of genetic engineering's potential for enlarging the world's food supply...and can be profitably read by practically anyone interested in application of molecular biology to improvement of productivity in agriculture.
  definition of crop science: A Textbook of Agronomy B. Chandrasekaran, 2010
  definition of crop science: Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use , 2008 Crop wild relatives (CWR) are species closely related to crop plants which can contribute beneficial traits such as pest or disease resistance and yield improvement. Through an examination of national, regional and global context of CWR, this text presents methodologies and case studies that provide recommendations for global conservation and use.
  definition of crop science: Principles of Plant Breeding Robert W. Allard, 1999-05-10 Die Pflanzenzucht enthält Elemente individueller und kultureller Selektion - ein Prozeß, den die langerwartete zweite Auflage hinsichtlich sowohl einzelner Pflanzen als auch kompletter Populationen unter die Lupe nimmt. Im Zuge der Aktualisierung des Stoffes wurden neue Themen aufgenommen: moderne Gewebekulturtechniken, molekularbiologische Verfahren, Aspekte der Wechselwirkung zwischen natürlicher und menschlicher Selektion und zwischen Genotyp und Umwelt sowie eine Reihe von Techniken zur Ertragssteigerung in ungünstigen Anbaugebieten. (05/99)
  definition of crop science: Crop Production and Soil Management Joseph Frank Cox, 1925
  definition of crop science: Principles of Crop Production George Acquaah, 2005 This book contains the most comprehensive, detailed coverage of crop production issues in the US. It provides the how and why things are the way they are, and recognizes the business of crop production. Other coverage includes the latest trends impacting crop production--i.e., sustainable agriculture, organic farming, environmental safety consciousness, and more. For individuals preparing for a future in agriculture and for the Crop Certification exams.
  definition of crop science: Genetically Engineered Crops National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops: Past Experience and Future Prospects, 2017-01-28 Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
  definition of crop science: Agriculture & Philosophy: Agricultural Science in Philosophy Lindsay Falvey, 2020-01-01 Agriculture and philosophy have been parts of a whole across history and remain so. Philosophy informs wellbeing and contentment amidst the vagaries of existence, the primary concern of which has always been security of food. Science, once known as natural philosophy, is a major means of philosophical advance today. Agricultural science is presented as comprising all of these components. The philosophical quest to be at ease in nature extends from pre-historical times into our unknown future, and employs diverse vehicles to convey insights across generations via myths, legends religion, academic study and ritual practices. Expressing esoteric concepts has employed agricultural metaphor across the historical era as it has been our most common interaction with nature. Continuing as our most widespread human interaction within nature, agriculture’s role in creating civilization, and later its writing, eventually led to an urban separation from nature including food production. Unifying the philosophy, agriculture and agricultural science across cultures and traditions from pre-agricultural times through the European Enlightenment to today, this work builds on neglected ancient insights. Perhaps the most profound of these insights is that our thoughts and actions may be seen as an integral part of nature. Rather than being independent agents with free will, our fears and guilt may be seen as active forces in the dynamics of nature itself, which includes our procurement of food. This conception offers a wider interaction than can be comprehended from current popular approaches.
  definition of crop science: A History of Weed Science in the United States Robert L Zimdahl, 2010-02-04 It is important that scientists think about and know their history - where they came from, what they have accomplished, and how these may affect the future. Weed scientists, similar to scientists in many technological disciplines, have not sought historical reflection. The technological world asks for results and for progress. Achievement is important not, in general, the road that leads to achievement. What was new yesterday is routine today, and what is described as revolutionary today may be considered antiquated tomorrow. Weed science has been strongly influenced by technology developed by supporting industries, subsequently employed in research and, ultimately, used by farmers and crop growers. The science has focused on results and progress. Scientists have been--and the majority remain--problem solvers whose solutions have evolved as rapidly as have the new weed problems needing solutions. In a more formal sense, weed scientists have been adherents of the instrumental ideology of modern science. That is an analysis of their work, and their orientation reveals the strong emphasis on practical, useful knowledge; on know how. The opposite, and frequently complementary orientation, that has been missing from weed science is an emphasis on contemplative knowledge; that is, knowing why. This book expands on and analyzes how these orientations have affected weed science's development. - The first analytical history of weed science to be written - Compares the development of weed science, entomology and plant pathology - Identifies the primary founders of weed science and describes their role
  definition of crop science: Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education in the Field National Research Council, Board on Agriculture, 1991-02-01 Interest is growing in sustainable agriculture, which involves the use of productive and profitable farming practices that take advantage of natural biological processes to conserve resources, reduce inputs, protect the environment, and enhance public health. Continuing research is helping to demonstrate the ways that many factorsâ€economics, biology, policy, and traditionâ€interact in sustainable agriculture systems. This book contains the proceedings of a workshop on the findings of a broad range of research projects funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The areas of study, such as integrated pest management, alternative cropping and tillage systems, and comparisons with more conventional approaches, are essential to developing and adopting profitable and sustainable farming systems.
  definition of crop science: Precision Agriculture Basics D. Kent Shannon, David E. Clay, Newell R. Kitchen, 2020-01-22 With the growing popularity and availability of precision equipment, farmers and producers have access to more data than ever before. With proper implementation, precision agriculture management can improve profitability and sustainability of production. Precision Agriculture Basics is geared at students, crop consultants, farmers, extension workers, and practitioners that are interested in practical applications of site-specific agricultural management. Using a multidisciplinary approach, readers are taught to make data-driven on-farm decisions using the most current knowledge and tools in crop science, agricultural engineering, and geostatistics. Precision Agriculture Basics also features a stunning video glossary including interviews with agronomists on the job and in the field.
  definition of crop science: Crop Production , 1952
  definition of crop science: Biostimulants for Sustainable Crop Production Youssef Rouphael, Patrick du Jardin, Patrick Brown, Giuseppe Colla, Stefania De Pascale, 2020-04-28 Biostimulants stimulate natural processes in crops to enhance nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), resistance to abiotic stress and quality traits. This collection reviews key advances in understanding and using biostimulants.
  definition of crop science: Sustainable Food Production Paul Christou, Roxana Savin, Barry Costa-Pierce, Ignacy Misztal, Bruce Whitelaw, 2012-12-05 Gathering some 90 entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, this book covers animal breeding and genetics for food, crop science and technology, ocean farming and sustainable aquaculture, transgenic livestock for food and more.
DEFINITION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINITION is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol. How to use definition in a sentence.

DEFINITION Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Definition definition: the act of defining, or of making something definite, distinct, or clear.. See examples of DEFINITION used in a sentence.

DEFINITION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINITION definition: 1. a statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase: 2. a description of the features and…. Learn more.

DEFINITION definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A definition is a statement giving the meaning of a word or expression, especially in a dictionary.

definition noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of definition noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.

Definition - Wikipedia
A nominal definition is the definition explaining what a word means (i.e., which says what the "nominal essence" is), and is definition in the classical sense as given above. A real definition, …

Definition - definition of definition by The Free Dictionary
Here is one definition from a popular dictionary: 'Any instrument or organization by which power is applied and made effective, or a desired effect produced.' Well, then, is not a man a machine?

definition - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jun 8, 2025 · definition (countable and uncountable, plural definitions) ( semantics , lexicography ) A statement of the meaning of a word , word group, sign , or symbol ; especially, a dictionary …

Definition Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
DEFINITION meaning: 1 : an explanation of the meaning of a word, phrase, etc. a statement that defines a word, phrase, etc.; 2 : a statement that describes what something is

Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words
3 days ago · The world's leading online dictionary: English definitions, synonyms, word origins, example sentences, word games, and more. A trusted authority for 25+ years!

Crop Physiology (BOT 121) Lecture 01 :- Introduction to …
Crop : Aggregation of plants grown in unit area of land for economic purpose is called as crop. Physiology : The science that deals with concerned life process of living organisms is called as …

The Crop Science Sustainability Challenge for Smallholders
Feb 22, 2021 · The Crop Science Sustainability C hallenge is to support 100 million smallholder farmers in low - and middle-income countries by 2030. Our progress is monitored with ... Key …

EARTHWORMS Science Page - United States Botanic Garden
EARTHWORMS Science Page . EARTHWORMS ARE ADAPTED FOR LIVING IN SOIL MOVING . A worm moves through . soil by using special . muscles and hydraulics. Hydraulics is the …

CRP 304 COURSE GUIDE - nou.edu.ng
Principles of horticultural crop production: This is a two credit course for 300 Level students of Bachelor of Science (B Sc.) degree in Crop production programme. The course consists of 13 …

technically speaking - College of Agriculture and Natural …
into successful crop production. Transpiration is the process of water movement from the roots to the shoots of plants. Just like photosynthesis and respiration, it is a requisite function for plant …

UNIT 10 PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION - eGyanKosh
Growing of more than one crop on the same field in a year is known as multiple cropping. When the succeeding crop is sown after the harvest of preceding crop it is known as sequential …

Lesson 1: Economic Importance of Crops
Crop Science 2 exports more agricultural products than it imports. Crop production can also impact international relationships by building allies and friendships with other countries. Some …

Bayer Crop Science
Bayer is a Life Science company with a more than 150-year history and core competencies in the areas of health care and nutrition. Contributing to sustainable development has become a core …

AGRICULTURAL - Caribbean Examinations Council
UNIT 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRICULTURE AND CROP PRODUCTION MODULE 1: THE SCIENCE AND BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL OBJECTIVES On completion of …

ARD Summary Booklet - ixambee
Jul 29, 2022 · NABARD- ARD Revision & Summary Booklet 4 General Agriculture 1. Definition, meaning and its Branches Agriculture: The word 'Agriculture' is derived from the Latin word …

Essential Nutrients for Plant Growth: Nutrient Functions and …
important roles in crop production. Each type of plant is unique and has an optimum nutrient range as well as a minimum requirement level. Below this minimum level, plants start to show …

PRINCIPLES OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVE …
16 Chemical control-Definition- Importance and Classification of insecticides- based on origin- based on mode of entry- mode of action ... pollinators of crops and as natural enemies of crop …

AP® Environmental Science
chemical methods to control the insect crop pest. • Reduce stubble/crop residues in fallow fields that can harbor the insect crop pest. • Apply the pesticide when the insect crop pest is most …

Chapter-1
4 Revised pay scales during Vth CPC w.e.f. 1.1.1996 under UGC Package. Category of posts Existing Scales of pay (Rs.) Revised Scales of pay (Rs.)

USDA Sustainable Agriculture Science White Paper
definition of sustainable agriculture to undergird its science programs, and USDA committed to ... crop-livestock systems, management-intensive rotational grazing, low-confinement integrated …

The agricultural crops production profitability in modern …
under all crop rotation crops, the planned yield, the each crop gross yield, the estimated consumption of the resulting products (dead waste, seeds of own production, feed, expenses …

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA FACULTY OF …
crop protection. COURSE AIMS The course aims to provide you with an understanding of crop protection principles as regards insect pests and diseases. These concepts encompass …

Agronomy – definition – meaning and scope. Agroclimatic …
1. It is defined as an agricultural science deals with principles and practices of crop production and field management. 2. Agronomy is branch of agricultural science, which deals with …

Definition, Aim, Objectives and Scope of Plant Breeding
Definition, Aim, Objectives and Scope of Plant Breeding Definition : Plant breeding can be defined “as an art and science” and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation …

WEEDS - University of Arizona
A simple definition for a weed from a human perspective would be ‘a plant out of place’, and this naturally means that a weed in one place may not be a weed in ... crop plants and animals, …

Productivity and Efficiency Measurement in Agriculture
A general definition “Productivity is commonly defined as a ratio of a volume measure of output to a volume measure of input use” (OECD 2001b). At its most fundamental level, productivity …

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY - prog.lmu.edu.ng
minimize the crop damage (yield loss) and stabilize the production. Disease is one of the major constraints of crop production. It could cause a total ... developed science in its own. Marshal …

08. WATER BUDGETING AND ITS IMPORTANCE - IRRIGATION …
allocating irrigation water based on the individual crop water requirement (ETc) under different soil and climatic condition, with an aim to achieve maximum crop production per unit of water …

Intellectual Property and Consolidation in the Seed Industry
CROP SCIENCE, VOL.55, NOVEMBER–DECEMBER 2015 WWW.CROPS.ORG 1 SYMPOSIA U ntil the last century, seeds were a common resource. Their use was not controlled by …

Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in …
REVIEWARTICLES (variation in duration of growthperiod depending on chromosome have notbeen possible, buttheirinheri theextent of water-deficit) and remobilization of prean- tance …

Crop Science R&D Pipeline Update Webinar 2022-02-16 …
Feb 16, 2022 · 2 /// Bayer Crop Science Annual R&D Pipeline Update /// February 16, 2022 1 2 3 Welcome Oliver Maier Head of Investor Relations Prepared Remarks Q&A Rodrigo Santos …

A TEXT BOOK - RVSKVV
Weeds as alternate hosts to crop pests and diseases. In rice crop Echinochloa and Panicum act as alternate host for stem borer, whereas in maize Chenapodium album acts a host for stalk …

US EPA Report on Minor Uses of Pesticides - U.S.
regions. In such cases a crop meeting the economic definition is eligible for treatment as a minor use. The Agency and IR-4 routinely undertake regional/pest specific requests for apples, …

Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants: An Introduction - Springer
crop species as classiÞ ed by Harlan and de Wet ( 1971 ). Gene transfer can occur spontaneously only when the crop cultivation and the distribution of its relatives are more or …

Report to Congress: Specialty Crop Report - rma.usda.gov
Specialty Crop Definition “Specialty crops” is a broad term that is defined differently throughout government. For purposes ... The term “horticulture” in the broadest sense is the art and …

Introduction to Agronomy - BS Publications
Chapter 1 Introduction to Agronomy The term agriculture is derived from the Latin words ‘ager’ or ‘agri’ meaning ‘soil’ and ‘cultura’ meaning cultivation. Agriculture is a very broad term …

An introduction to pests and pest management - College …
• destroy infected crop residues or infected plant materials • Destroy weeds to reduce pest refuges . Cultural controls- alter conditions or pest behavior • Examples for black rot • Plant …

Effect of Calf Crop on Net Income of a Nev- ada Range Cattle …
this definition of calf crop, it is assumed that culled cows have been exactly replaced by breeding age heifers. This definition is consist- ent with the way calf crop is normally reported on …

Crop Rotation - csuchico.edu
Crop Rotation Because different crops have different nutritional needs and tend to be vulnerable to different diseases ... Soil Science Society of America Journal, September, 2003. …

SECTION B. LANDRACES B.1. Introduction - Food and …
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 50: 17-32. Hajjar R, Jarvis DI and Gemmill-Herren B (2008) The utility of crop genetic diversity in maintaining ecosystem services. Agriculture, …

Diverse approaches to crop diversification in agricultural
Common examples for crop diversification are crop ro-tations, double cropping or intercropping, bee crops, nurse crops or variety mixtures. Diversification by agro-nomic measures, e.g. …

Agricultural Biotechnology - International Service for the …
crop and livestock improvement through biotechnology tools. This monograph will focus only on agricultural crop biotechnology. Biotechnology encompasses a number of tools and elements …

INTRODUCTION TO CROP PROTECTION - ACSESS
reconstruct the foundations on which crop science rests. The Teaching Improvement Committee of the Crop Science Soci­ ety of America identified the urgent need for developing …

Advances in Crop Physiology: A Review of Recent Research
Crop physiology is a branch of plant science that plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamental processes governing plant growth and development. In recent years, significant …

(1999) Sustainable Crop Production: Definition and …
crop production focuses on the objects to be protected (i.e., ecosystems--including agroecosystems--and their components such as water, soil, air-climate, flora, and

CROP PRODUCTION
The Crop Budget Tool provides an overview of input and labour requirements, in addition to crop production costs, profitability and labour demand. The Crop Budget Tool mirrors the set-up of …

Postharvest Technology - Hasanuzzaman's Homepage
Postharvest technology is interdisciplinary science and technique applied to agricultural produce after harvest for its production, conservation, processing, packaging, distribution, marketing …

WHY OUR COURSE! - Anujjindal.in
Definition The word Agriculture derived from two Latin words: ... crop breeding, production techniques, crop protection, economics etc. to maximize the yield and profit. SCIENCE •aims …

Basic vs. Applied Research - San José State University
• improve agricultural crop production • treat or cure a specific disease • improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes of transportation Some scientists feel that the time has …

Crop Swap: Rotating Crops for Sustainability - Ag in the …
2. Review the benefits of crop rotation: increased crop yields, decrease in plant diseases, improvement of soil texture, and better control of pests. Tell students that they are going to be …

Agricultural Plant Pest Control - Kansas State University
safety of the crop, people, and environment. IPM is based on a thorough understanding of the pest, so cultural, mechanical, biological, genetic, and chemical techniques can be integrated to …

Fundamentals of Horticulture - AgriMoon
Lecture 1: DEFINITION, DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE The term Horticulture is derived from two Latin words i.e. Hortus meaning garden or enclosure and Cultra meaning cultivation. So, …

What is sustainable agriculture? - GIZ
Crop protection – with or without chemicals? ... book of the same name as the science of the rela-tionships of organisms in an environment pur - posely transformed by man for crop or livestock …

what is forage - USDA ARS
Legumes (that are commonly fed to dairy cows) Grasses (that are commonly fed to dairy cows) Alfalfa Red clover Birdsfoot trefoil Mixed pasture legume/grass

Hardening - RNGR
growing more than one crop per season or when grow-ers try to force a little extra height growth with crops that grow more slowly than expected. Improper hardening can also be an issue if …