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| definition of poverty sociology: Attracting New Industry United States. Area Redevelopment Administration, 1963 |
| definition of poverty sociology: Social Poverty Sarah Halpern-Meekin, 2019-06-04 How low-income people cope with the emotional dimensions of poverty Could a lack of close, meaningful social ties be a public—rather than just a private—problem? In Social Poverty, Sarah Halpern-Meekin provides a much-needed window into the nature of social ties among low-income, unmarried parents, highlighting their often-ignored forms of hardship. Drawing on in-depth interviews with thirty-one couples, collected during their participation in a government-sponsored relationship education program called Family Expectations, she brings unprecedented attention to the relational and emotional dimensions of socioeconomic disadvantage. Poverty scholars typically focus on the economic use value of social ties—for example, how relationships enable access to job leads, informal loans, or a spare bedroom.However, Halpern-Meekin introduces the important new concept of “social poverty,” identifying it not just as a derivative of economic poverty, but as its own condition, which also perpetuates poverty. Through a careful and nuanced analysis of the strengths and limitations of relationship classes, she shines a light on the fundamental place of core socioemotional needs in our lives. Engaging and compassionate, Social Poverty highlights a new direction for policy and poverty research that can enrich our understanding of disadvantaged families around the country. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Encyclopedia of Global Justice Deen K. Chatterjee, 2011 The Encyclopedia is an international, interdisciplinary, and collaborative project, spanning all the relevant areas of scholarship related to issues of global justice, and edited and advised by leading scholars from around the world. The wide-ranging entries present the latest ideas on this complex subject by authors who are at the cutting edge of inquiry. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies Michael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer, 2018-11-30 While extensively explored as a solution to poverty at the base of the pyramid, this is the first in-depth examination of entrepreneurship and the poor within advanced economies. The authors explore the underlying nature of poverty and draw implications for new venture creation. Entrepreneurship is presented as a source of empowerment that represents an alternative pathway out of poverty. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Understanding Poverty Peter Alcock, 1997 This second edition of an important text has been substantially revised and updated to incorporate new evidence and arguments regarding poverty in Britain. Comprehensive and accessible, it deals with the problems of definition, measurement and distribution of poverty and analyses the full range of debates about its causes and its possible solution. It is essential reading for students of social policy, sociology, social work and related social sciences. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty Bent Greve, 2019-10-11 Poverty has dire consequences on the ability to fulfil one’s aspirations for life. Poverty has strong implications for social cohesion and societies’ abilities to function in harmonious ways. This book presents the readers with the core concepts, latest development and knowledge about policies that work to eliminate absolute poverty. This volume shows what the consequences are for the quality of life of those living in poverty. It describes life for people in poverty in general, but also deals more specifically with children, in-work poverty and the elderly, thus providing a life, generational and global perspective on poverty, including the impact on people’s happiness levels. The book also discusses policies aimed at poverty reduction, such as changes to the labour market – including the risk of working poor – and shows that there is a variety of possible instruments available to reduce poverty. These range from direct provision of social security to ensuring education and a better functioning labour market. Written in an engaging and accessible style, the book provides a succinct insight into the concept of poverty, how to measure it, the situation of poverty around the globe as well as different types of possible interventions to cope with poverty. Supporting theory with examples and case studies from a variety of contexts, suggestions for further reading, and a detailed glossary, this text is an essential read for anyone approaching the study of poverty for the first time. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty Knowledge Alice O'Connor, 2009-01-10 Progressive-era poverty warriors cast poverty in America as a problem of unemployment, low wages, labor exploitation, and political disfranchisement. In the 1990s, policy specialists made dependency the issue and crafted incentives to get people off welfare. Poverty Knowledge gives the first comprehensive historical account of the thinking behind these very different views of the poverty problem, in a century-spanning inquiry into the politics, institutions, ideologies, and social science that shaped poverty research and policy. Alice O'Connor chronicles a transformation in the study of poverty, from a reform-minded inquiry into the political economy of industrial capitalism to a detached, highly technical analysis of the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the poor. Along the way, she uncovers the origins of several controversial concepts, including the culture of poverty and the underclass. She shows how such notions emerged not only from trends within the social sciences, but from the central preoccupations of twentieth-century American liberalism: economic growth, the Cold War against communism, the changing fortunes of the welfare state, and the enduring racial divide. The book details important changes in the politics and organization as well as the substance of poverty knowledge. Tracing the genesis of a still-thriving poverty research industry from its roots in the War on Poverty, it demonstrates how research agendas were subsequently influenced by an emerging obsession with welfare reform. Over the course of the twentieth century, O'Connor shows, the study of poverty became more about altering individual behavior and less about addressing structural inequality. The consequences of this steady narrowing of focus came to the fore in the 1990s, when the nation's leading poverty experts helped to end welfare as we know it. O'Connor shows just how far they had traveled from their field's original aims. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Understanding Poverty Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee, Roland Benabou, Dilip Mookherjee, 2006-04-20 Understanding poverty and what to do about it, is perhaps the central concern of all of economics. Yet the lay public almost never gets to hear what leading professional economists have to say about it. This volume brings together twenty-eight essays by some of the world leaders in the field, who were invited to tell the lay reader about the most important things they have learnt from their research that relate to poverty. The essays cover a wide array of topics: the first essay is about how poverty gets measured. The next section is about the causes of poverty and its persistence, and the ideas range from the impact of colonialism and globalization to the problems of excessive population growth, corruption and ethnic conflict. The next section is about policy: how should we fight poverty? The essays discuss how to get drug companies to produce more vaccines for the diseases of the poor, what we should and should not expect from micro-credit, what we should do about child labor, how to design welfare policies that work better and a host of other topics. The final section is about where the puzzles lie: what are the most important anomalies, the big gaps in the way economists think about poverty? The essays talk about the puzzling reluctance of Kenyan farmers to fertilizers, the enduring power of social relationships in economic transactions in developing countries and the need to understand where aspirations come from, and much else. Every essay is written with the aim of presenting the latest and the most sophisticated in economics without any recourse to jargon or technical language. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Teaching with Poverty in Mind Eric Jensen, 2010-06-16 In Teaching with Poverty in Mind: What Being Poor Does to Kids' Brains and What Schools Can Do About It, veteran educator and brain expert Eric Jensen takes an unflinching look at how poverty hurts children, families, and communities across the United States and demonstrates how schools can improve the academic achievement and life readiness of economically disadvantaged students. Jensen argues that although chronic exposure to poverty can result in detrimental changes to the brain, the brain's very ability to adapt from experience means that poor children can also experience emotional, social, and academic success. A brain that is susceptible to adverse environmental effects is equally susceptible to the positive effects of rich, balanced learning environments and caring relationships that build students' resilience, self-esteem, and character. Drawing from research, experience, and real school success stories, Teaching with Poverty in Mind reveals * What poverty is and how it affects students in school; * What drives change both at the macro level (within schools and districts) and at the micro level (inside a student's brain); * Effective strategies from those who have succeeded and ways to replicate those best practices at your own school; and * How to engage the resources necessary to make change happen. Too often, we talk about change while maintaining a culture of excuses. We can do better. Although no magic bullet can offset the grave challenges faced daily by disadvantaged children, this timely resource shines a spotlight on what matters most, providing an inspiring and practical guide for enriching the minds and lives of all your students. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty David Brady, Linda Burton, 2016 The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level. |
| definition of poverty sociology: A Dictionary of Sociology John Scott, 2014-09-11 A consistent best-seller, the wide-ranging and authoritative Dictionary of Sociology was first published in 1994 and contains more than 2,500 entries on the terminology, methods, concepts, and thinkers in the field, as well as from the related fields of psychology, economics, anthropology, philosophy, and political science. For this fourth edition, Professor John Scott has conducted a thorough review of all entries to ensure that they are concise, focused, and up to date. Revisions reflect current intellectual debates and social conditions, particularly in relation to global and multi-cultural issues. New entries cover relevant contemporary concepts, such as climate change, social media, terrorism, and intersectionality, as well as key living sociologists. This Dictionary is both an invaluable introduction to sociology for beginners, and an essential source of reference for more advanced students and teachers. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty in America John Iceland, 2003-10 This volume is an excellent overview of the dimensions and sources of American poverty. John Iceland combines statistical data, theoretical arguments, and historical information in a book that is highly readable and will very likely become a standard reference for students of poverty.—William Julius Wilson, author of When Work Disappears In just a few short pages, Iceland brings anyone--lay reader, student, professional researcher--up to speed on the major issues and debates about poverty in America. With succinct and engaging prose, Poverty in America covers the gamut--from theoretical issues to measurement to history to public policy--better than any other book out there right now.—Dalton Conley, author of Honky Must reading on a tough and important topic. With some answers that may surprise, Iceland sorts out competing theories of why people are poor in the richest country in the world. His book should motivate every reader--policy maker, researcher, citizen-- to think hard about what it means to be poor today and how our society can best reduce the hardship and poverty still with us.—Constance F. Citro, National Research Council of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The Idea of Poverty Paul Spicker, 2007-01-10 Paul Spicker examines views about what poverty is and what should be done about it. 'Poverty' means many different things to different people - for example, lack of money or dependency on benefits. Here, he makes an argument for a participative, inclusive understanding of the term. |
| definition of poverty sociology: A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years, 2019-09-16 The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Essential Concepts in Sociology Anthony Giddens, Philip W. Sutton, 2017-05-11 Social life is in a constant process of change, and sociology can never stand still. As a result, sociology today is a theoretically diverse enterprise, covering a huge range of subjects and drawing on a broad array of research methods. Central to this endeavour is the use of core concepts and ideas which allow sociologists to make sense of societies, though our understanding of these concepts necessarily evolves and changes. This clear and jargon-free book introduces a careful selection of essential concepts that have helped to shape sociology and others that continue to do so. Going beyond brief, dictionary-style definitions, Anthony Giddens and Philip W. Sutton provide an extended discussion of each concept which sets it in historical and theoretical context, explores its main meanings in use, introduces relevant criticisms, and points readers to its ongoing development in contemporary research and theorizing. Organized in ten thematic sections, the book offers a portrait of sociology through its essential concepts, ranging from capitalism, identity and deviance to globalization, the environment and intersectionality. It will be essential reading for all those new to sociology as well as anyone seeking a reliable route map for a rapidly changing world. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The Truly Disadvantaged William Julius Wilson, 2012-06-29 An assessment of the relationship between race and poverty in the United States, and potential solutions for the issue. Renowned American sociologist William Julius Wilson takes a look at the social transformation of inner-city ghettos, offering a sharp evaluation of the convergence of race and poverty. Rejecting both conservative and liberal interpretations of life in the inner city, Wilson offers essential information and several solutions to policymakers. The Truly Disadvantaged is a wide-ranging examination, looking at the relationship between race, employment, and education from the 1950s onwards, with surprising and provocative findings. This second edition also includes a new afterword from Wilson himself that brings the book up to date and offers fresh insight into its findings. Praise for The Truly Disadvantaged “The Truly Disadvantaged should spur critical thinking in many quarters about the causes and possible remedies for inner city poverty. As policymakers grapple with the problems of an enlarged underclass they—as well as community leaders and all concerned Americans of all races—would be advised to examine Mr. Wilson’s incisive analysis.” —Robert Greenstein, New York Times Book Review “The Truly Disadvantaged not only assembles a vast array of data gleamed from the works of specialists, it offers much new information and analysis. Wilson has asked the hard questions, he has done his homework, and he has dared to speak unpopular truths.” —Los Angeles Times Book Review “Required reading for anyone, presidential candidate or private citizen, who really wants to address the growing plight of the black urban underclass.” —David J. Garrow, Washington Post Book World |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty in the Philippines Asian Development Bank, 2009-12-01 Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and rising food, fuel, and commodity prices, addressing poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. This publication analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. it also provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The Negro Family United States. Department of Labor. Office of Policy Planning and Research, 1965 The life and times of the thirty-second President who was reelected four times. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Introduction to Sociology 2e Nathan J. Keirns, Heather Griffiths, Eric Strayer, Susan Cody-Rydzewski, Gail Scaramuzzo, Sally Vyain, Tommy Sadler, Jeff D. Bry, Faye Jones, 2015-03-17 This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course.--Page 1. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis Sabina Alkire, James Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José Manuel Roche, Paola Ballon, 2015-06-04 Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis is evolving rapidly. Notably, it has informed the publication of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) estimates in the Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme since 2010, and the release of national poverty measures in Mexico, Colombia, Bhutan, the Philippines and Chile. The academic response has been similarly swift, with related articles published in both theoretical and applied journals. The high and insistent demand for in-depth and precise accounts of multidimensional poverty measurement motivates this book, which is aimed at graduate students in quantitative social sciences, researchers of poverty measurement, and technical staff in governments and international agencies who create multidimensional poverty measures. The book is organized into four elements. The first introduces the framework for multidimensional measurement and provides a lucid overview of a range of multidimensional techniques and the problems each can address. The second part gives a synthetic introduction of 'counting' approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement and provides an in-depth account of the counting multidimensional poverty measurement methodology developed by Alkire and Foster, which is a straightforward extension of the well-known Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures that had a significant and lasting impact on income poverty measurement. The final two parts deal with the pre-estimation issues such as normative choices and distinctive empirical techniques used in measure design, and the post-estimation issues such as robustness tests, statistical inferences, comparisons over time, and assessments of inequality among the poor. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Decent Incomes for All Bea Cantillon, Tim Goedemé, John Hills, 2019 For more than a decade, organizations such as the IMF, OECD, and the ILO have issued concerns about the trend of increased inequality in rich welfare states, while influential thinkers and think tanks have come to agree on at least one central point: globalization and technological progress have exacerbated the existing inequities in social market economies. Across Europe, despite high social spending and work-related welfare reforms, poverty remains a largely intractable problem for policymakers and the persistent reality for citizens.In Decent Incomes for All, the authors shed new light on recent poverty trends in the European Union and the corresponding responses by European welfare states. They analyze the effect of social and fiscal policies before, during, and after the recent economic crisis and study the impact of alternative policy packages on poverty and inequality. The book also explores how social investment and local initiatives of social innovation can contribute to tackling poverty, while recognizing that there are indeed structural constraints on the increase of the social floor and difficult trade-offs involved in reconciling work and poverty reduction. Differences across countries are, however, stark, which suggests that there are lessons to be learned and policy changes to be applied, if the political will exists. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Inclusion in the American Dream Michael Sherraden, 2005-07-21 Inclusion in the American Dream brings together leading scholars and policy experts on the topic of asset building, particularly as this relates to public policy. The typical American household accumulates most of its assets in home equity and retirement accounts, both of which are subsidized through the tax system. But the poor, for the most part, do not participate in these asset accumulation policies. The challenge is to expand the asset-based policy structure so that everyone is included. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Monitoring Global Poverty World Bank, 2016-11-28 In 2013, the World Bank Group announced two goals that would guide its operations worldwide. First is the eradication of chronic extreme poverty bringing the number of extremely poor people, defined as those living on less than 1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP)†“adjusted dollars a day, to less than 3 percent of the world’s population by 2030.The second is the boosting of shared prosperity, defined as promoting the growth of per capita real income of the poorest 40 percent of the population in each country. In 2015, United Nations member nations agreed in New York to a set of post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the first and foremost of which is the eradication of extreme poverty everywhere, in all its forms. Both the language and the spirit of the SDG objective reflect the growing acceptance of the idea that poverty is a multidimensional concept that reflects multiple deprivations in various aspects of well-being. That said, there is much less agreement on the best ways in which those deprivations should be measured, and on whether or how information on them should be aggregated. Monitoring Global Poverty: Report of the Commission on Global Poverty advises the World Bank on the measurement and monitoring of global poverty in two areas: What should be the interpretation of the definition of extreme poverty, set in 2015 in PPP-adjusted dollars a day per person? What choices should the Bank make regarding complementary monetary and nonmonetary poverty measures to be tracked and made available to policy makers? The World Bank plays an important role in shaping the global debate on combating poverty, and the indicators and data that the Bank collates and makes available shape opinion and actual policies in client countries, and, to a certain extent, in all countries. How we answer the above questions can therefore have a major influence on the global economy. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The SAGE Dictionary of Sociology Steve Bruce, Steven Yearley, 2006-01-05 Undoubtedly the most accessible, readable and downright interesting - even amusing - dictionary of its type. In being all of those things - and more - the dictionary does not sacrifice on quality. There are many well-chosen entries and they are quite informative. A useful addition to any scholar′s library while at the same time being an excellent resource for both graduate and undergraduate students - George Ritzer, University of Maryland This is a delightful and comprehensive dictionary. The authors write in an engaging and lively style that brings alive the ideas of sociology not only for existing practitioners, but also for a whole new generation of students - Tim May, University of Salford With over 1000 entries on key concepts and theorists, The SAGE Dictionary of Sociology provides full coverage of the field, clarifying the technical use of apparently common words, explaining the fundamental concepts and introducing new and unfamiliar terms. This book provides: authoritative, reliable definitions accessible ′digests′ of key arguments contemporary, appealing illustrations of points readability. This is not just another dry guide to the discipline. Engagingly written with its audience firmly in mind, it will be the definitive and chosen companion to established textbooks and teaching materials in sociology. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice Martin Ravallion, 1998-01-01 A poverty line helps focus the attention of governments and civil society on the living conditions of the poor. This paper offers a critical overview of alternative approaches to setting poverty lines. In reviewing the methods found in practice, the paper tries to throw light on, and go some way toward resolving, ongoing debates about poverty measurement, emphasizing those debates which would appear to have greatest bearing on policy discussions. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty Traps Samuel Bowles, Steven N. Durlauf, Karla Hoff, 2016-05-31 Much popular belief--and public policy--rests on the idea that those born into poverty have it in their power to escape. But the persistence of poverty and ever-growing economic inequality around the world have led many economists to seriously question the model of individual economic self-determination when it comes to the poor. In Poverty Traps, Samuel Bowles, Steven Durlauf, Karla Hoff, and the book's other contributors argue that there are many conditions that may trap individuals, groups, and whole economies in intractable poverty. For the first time the editors have brought together the perspectives of economics, economic history, and sociology to assess what we know--and don't know--about such traps. Among the sources of the poverty of nations, the authors assign a primary role to social and political institutions, ranging from corruption to seemingly benign social customs such as kin systems. Many of the institutions that keep nations poor have deep roots in colonial history and persist long after their initial causes are gone. Neighborhood effects--influences such as networks, role models, and aspirations--can create hard-to-escape pockets of poverty even in rich countries. Similar individuals in dissimilar socioeconomic environments develop different preferences and beliefs that can transmit poverty or affluence from generation to generation. The book presents evidence of harmful neighborhood effects and discusses policies to overcome them, with attention to the uncertainty that exists in evaluating such policies. |
| definition of poverty sociology: When Work Disappears William Julius Wilson, 2011-06-08 Wilson, one of our foremost authorities on race and poverty, challenges decades of liberal and conservative pieties to look squarely at the devastating effects that joblessness has had on our urban ghettos. Marshaling a vast array of data and the personal stories of hundreds of men and women, Wilson persuasively argues that problems endemic to America's inner cities--from fatherless households to drugs and violent crime--stem directly from the disappearance of blue-collar jobs in the wake of a globalized economy. Wilson's achievement is to portray this crisis as one that affects all Americans, and to propose solutions whose benefits would be felt across our society. At a time when welfare is ending and our country's racial dialectic is more strained than ever, When Work Disappears is a sane, courageous, and desperately important work. Wilson is the keenest liberal analyst of the most perplexing of all American problems...[This book is] more ambitious and more accessible than anything he has done before. --The New Yorker |
| definition of poverty sociology: Understanding Poverty Sheldon DANZIGER, Sheldon Danziger, 2009-06-30 In spite of an unprecedented period of growth and prosperity, the poverty rate in the United States remains high relative to the levels of the early 1970s and relative to those in many industrialized countries today. Understanding Poverty brings the problem of poverty in America to the fore, focusing on its nature and extent at the dawn of the twenty-first century. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Income Distribution François Bourguignon, Christian Morrisson, Martin Ravallion, 2001 This volume is a comprehensive collection of critical essays on The Taming of the Shrew, and includes extensive discussions of the play's various printed versions and its theatrical productions. Aspinall has included only those essays that offer the most influential and controversial arguments surrounding the play. The issues discussed include gender, authority, female autonomy and unruliness, courtship and marriage, language and speech, and performance and theatricality. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The Colors of Poverty Ann Chih Lin, David R. Harris, 2008-08-14 Given the increasing diversity of the nation—particularly with respect to its growing Hispanic and Asian populations—why does racial and ethnic difference so often lead to disadvantage? In The Colors of Poverty, a multidisciplinary group of experts provides a breakthrough analysis of the complex mechanisms that connect poverty and race. The Colors of Poverty reframes the debate over the causes of minority poverty by emphasizing the cumulative effects of disadvantage in perpetuating poverty across generations. The contributors consider a kaleidoscope of factors that contribute to widening racial gaps, including education, racial discrimination, social capital, immigration, and incarceration. Michèle Lamont and Mario Small grapple with the theoretical ambiguities of existing cultural explanations for poverty disparities. They argue that culture and structure are not competing explanations for poverty, but rather collaborate to produce disparities. Looking at how attitudes and beliefs exacerbate racial stratification, social psychologist Heather Bullock links the rise of inequality in the United States to an increase in public tolerance for disparity. She suggests that the American ethos of rugged individualism and meritocracy erodes support for antipoverty programs and reinforces the belief that people are responsible for their own poverty. Sociologists Darren Wheelock and Christopher Uggen focus on the collateral consequences of incarceration in exacerbating racial disparities and are the first to propose a link between legislation that blocks former drug felons from obtaining federal aid for higher education and the black/white educational attainment gap. Joe Soss and Sanford Schram argue that the increasingly decentralized and discretionary nature of state welfare programs allows for different treatment of racial groups, even when such policies are touted as race-neutral. They find that states with more blacks and Hispanics on welfare rolls are consistently more likely to impose lifetime limits, caps on benefits for mothers with children, and stricter sanctions. The Colors of Poverty is a comprehensive and evocative introduction to the dynamics of race and inequality. The research in this landmark volume moves scholarship on inequality beyond a simple black-white paradigm, beyond the search for a single cause of poverty, and beyond the promise of one magic bullet solution. A Volume in the National Poverty Center Series on Poverty and Public Policy |
| definition of poverty sociology: Social Exclusion Amartya Sen, 2004 |
| definition of poverty sociology: Human Development Report 1997 United Nations Development Programme, 1997 The Human Development Report, now in its eighth annual edition, continues its tradition of updating the unique Human Development Indicators comparing human development in most countries of the world, and the data tables on all aspects of human development. The 1997 edition focuses on the goal of eradicating extreme poverty in the early 21st century and views this goal as completely attainable, regarding it as a moral imperative to which almost all countries committed themselves at the World summit for Social Development in 1995.The foundation for the 20th centurys accelerated progress in reducing poverty began with the start of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. The second great period of poverty reduction started in the 1950s in the developing countries with the end of colonialism, and in the past 50 years poverty has fallen more than in the previous 50 centuries. Despite these major achievements however, about a quarter of the developing worlds people still live in absolute poverty and 40% of South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are trapped in absolute poverty. Some industrial countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States have seen a rise in poverty in recent decades.The momentum that has occurred thus far against poverty must continue rather than backslide. The Human Development Report reviews this challenge from its unique perspective providing an overview of global poverty trends and assessing the scale of today's poverty problems worldwide. The Report also examines six priorities for tackling poverty at the country level and sets a global agenda for supportive action.Given the positive trends of the 20th century, the Report argues that eradicating absolute poverty in the first two decades of the 21st century is a completely feasible and affordable goal. To achieve this goal, the international community needs to focus on the poorest and least developed countries, and each country needs to reinforce the positive trends with accelerated action, helping to reverse the menacing setbacks. |
| definition of poverty sociology: American Apartheid Douglas S. Massey, Nancy A. Denton, 1993 This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to hypersegregation. The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Why Men Rebel Ted Robert Gurr, 2015-11-17 Why Men Rebel was first published in 1970 after a decade of political violence across the world. Forty years later, serious conflicts continue in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Ted Robert Gurr reintroduces us to his landmark work, putting it in context with the research it influenced as well as world events. Why Men Rebel remains highly relevant to today's violent and unstable world with its holistic, people-based understanding of the causes of political protest and rebellion. With its close eye on the politics of group identity, this book provides new insight into contemporary security challenges. |
| definition of poverty sociology: The Underclass Ken Auletta, 2023-12-05 The acclaimed author and New Yorker columnist delves into the core of American poverty in the early 1980s: “Invaluable.” —The Washington Post First appearing as a three-part series in the New Yorker, Ken Auletta’s The Underclass provides an enlightening look at the lives of addicts, dropouts, ex-convicts, welfare recipients, and individuals experiencing homelessness. Auletta’s investigation began with a seemingly simple goal: to find out who exactly makes up the poorest of the poor, and to trace the many paths that took them there. As the author follows 250 hardened members of this “underclass,” he focuses on efforts to help them reconstruct their lives and find a functional place in mainstream society. Through the lives of the men and women he encounters, Auletta discovers the complex truths that have made hard-core poverty in America such an intractable problem. In a nation where poverty and welfare rolls are declining but the underclass persists, the United States is as conflicted as ever about its responsibilities toward all its people. With his empathy, insight, and expert reportage, Auletta’s The Underclass remains as pertinent as ever. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain Pantazis, Christina, Gordon, David, Ruth Levitas, 2006-01-19 Includes statistical tables and graphs. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Hillbilly Elegy J D Vance, 2024-10 Hillbilly Elegy recounts J.D. Vance's powerful origin story... From a former marine and Yale Law School graduate now serving as a U.S. Senator from Ohio and the Republican Vice Presidential candidate for the 2024 election, an incisive account of growing up in a poor Rust Belt town that offers a broader, probing look at the struggles of America's white working class. THE #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER You will not read a more important book about America this year.--The Economist A riveting book.--The Wall Street Journal Essential reading.--David Brooks, New York Times Hillbilly Elegy is a passionate and personal analysis of a culture in crisis--that of white working-class Americans. The disintegration of this group, a process that has been slowly occurring now for more than forty years, has been reported with growing frequency and alarm, but has never before been written about as searingly from the inside. J. D. Vance tells the true story of what a social, regional, and class decline feels like when you were born with it hung around your neck. The Vance family story begins hopefully in postwar America. J. D.'s grandparents were dirt poor and in love, and moved north from Kentucky's Appalachia region to Ohio in the hopes of escaping the dreadful poverty around them. They raised a middle-class family, and eventually one of their grandchildren would graduate from Yale Law School, a conventional marker of success in achieving generational upward mobility. But as the family saga of Hillbilly Elegy plays out, we learn that J.D.'s grandparents, aunt, uncle, and, most of all, his mother struggled profoundly with the demands of their new middle-class life, never fully escaping the legacy of abuse, alcoholism, poverty, and trauma so characteristic of their part of America. With piercing honesty, Vance shows how he himself still carries around the demons of his chaotic family history. A deeply moving memoir, with its share of humor and vividly colorful figures, Hillbilly Elegy is the story of how upward mobility really feels. And it is an urgent and troubling meditation on the loss of the American dream for a large segment of this country. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Measuring Poverty Stephan Klasen, 2018 This impressive collection brings together the most important contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field of poverty measurement. It includes critical papers on what constitutes poverty and associated poverty measures, as well as conceptual and empirical approaches to set poverty lines for both national and international settings. The volume also discusses national and international income poverty measures, multidimensional poverty indices, and ways to capture poverty dynamics. With an original introduction by the editor, this collection will be an essential resource for scholars and students of development economics and social policy. |
| definition of poverty sociology: Poor Britain Joanna Mack, Stewart Lansley, 1985 Studie over de armoede onder de bevolking in het huidige Engeland. |
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Lecture Notes on Poverty - Deshbandhu College
Lecture Notes on Poverty Poverty: Poverty is the deprivation of food, shelter, money and clothing when people can’t satisfy their basic needs. Poverty can be understood simply as a lack of …
Towards a phenomenology of poverty: Defining poverty
440 Journal of Sociology 56(3) poverty are value laden (Lister, 2004). Indeed, definitions of poverty or, as Desmond and Western (2018) observe, how we describe its nature, cannot be …
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Chris.Livesey: www.sociology.org.uk Page 4 5. Before we look in more detail at some of these factors, recent research into the relationship between diet, malnutrition, poverty, etc. and foetal …
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Housing, Poverty, and the Law Matthew Desmond and Monica Bell Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; email: mdesmond@fas.harvard.edu …
Poverty and Inequality - JSTOR
Oct 18, 2003 · poverty and inequality is largely due to the fact that there are different conceptions of poverty and different kinds of inequality. Some of these will be more fully discussed in the …
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those who actually work long hours but earn only a low income below the poverty line. In other words, working poor is defined as a situation when individuals or households, in spite of being …
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1. Different definitions and ways of measuring poverty, wealth and income. 172 2. The distribution of poverty, wealth and income between different social groups. 190 3. The existence and …
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Poverty amongst older people has declined and child and youth poverty has increased over the past 40 years. This long term trend accelerated considerable after the 2008 financial crisis in …
IN-DEPTH REVIEW OF SUBJECTIVE POVERTY MEASURES
13. The decision on how to measure poverty involves, among other things, the choice to consider poverty in an objective or in a subjective way. Generally speaking, in the case of the objective …
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1 This is the definition of poverty traps offered by Costas Azariadis and John Stachurski (2005) in their extensive survey of the literature on poverty traps. Others (e.g. Chris Barrett and Michael …
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linked to the definition of poverty, its measurement, its evolution, and the perspective adopted by the Social Development Summit held in Copenhagen, regarding its relevance and ways to fight …
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Definition A cultural subgroup within a larger culture is defined as having some behaviors, beliefs, or interests different from the mainstream culture. Introduction Theconcept …
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The concept of social exclusion arose in response to dissatisfaction with approaches t o poverty that focused on income alone. However, the term remains contested and there is no agreed …
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Poverty is used to describe a condition where an individual does not have the financial means to obtain commodities to sustain life. Relative Poverty refers to the standard of living compared to …
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poverty, economic disparity and related issues such as socioeconomic status, classism, ageism, unintended stereotypes and stigma to name a few. This new . blog series . on poverty, will …
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the entire population in poverty, or everyone who is poorly housed. But if the definitions are too specific, they focus too exclusively on the homelessness of the moment. They can lead to …
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and 70s led to a culture of dependency and a culture of poverty, with Murray in particular suggesting that an underclass of idle young men is destabilising society One of the key …
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Jun 18, 2019 · Poverty: Definition and Perspective Rose D. Friedman,1965 USA. Definition of poverty in relation to standard of living, ... Development Economics, Political Science, and …
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the Make Poverty History campaign in London, an effort to renew the global commitment to eliminating poverty worldwide. “Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural,” Mandela …
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Since the 1950s, American sociology has focused attention on how poverty and related social problems have evolved in inner-city commu-nities.Sociologicalstudies of poverty focus on …
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Sociology ‘A’ level (AS) Module One: Culture, Families and Wealth 5 The key differences between poverty and social exclusion are that poverty leads to a whole range of different social …
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that poverty should be defined in terms of capabilities, rather than commodities. A poverty definition according to such an approach is absolute in terms of capabilities, but not neces …
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The report draws on JRF’s definition of poverty: when a person’s resources (mainly material resources) are insufficient to meet their minimum needs (including social participation). Poverty …
Chapter 5 The concept and measurement of social exclusion
them as analytically distinct, reserving ‘poverty’ for a “lack of material resources, especially income, needed to participate in British society”. But some definitions of poverty incorporate …
Feminist Explanations for the Feminization of Poverty - JSTOR
redistributive efforts poverty rates are much higher for both FHHs and other house-holds. Second, poverty gaps are much larger without fiscal policy; fiscal policy cuts the gender poverty gap in …
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Crime of Poverty . Michael . D. Gillespie . Poverty in the United States, and the historical treatment of poor persons through public relief, has often been understood through three …
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poverty. Poverty: Definition in Sociology and Types - ThoughtCo WEBJul 18, 2019 · Poverty is a social condition that is characterized by the lack of resources necessary for basic survival or …
Absolute versus Relative Poverty - JSTOR
underlying the poverty line and (ii) the partic-ular cutoff chosen. The paper concludes with a discussion of "hybrid" poverty lines and the associated parameter that is likely to play a key …
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developing a comprehensive, functional, and effective definition of poverty. What emerged was a multidimensional conception of poverty, with income deprivation and food . 3 insecurity joining …
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Jun 23, 2015 · poverty, their inability to access a minimum standard of food, shelter, and other necessities can present real challenges to their long term health and well-being. Indeed, when …
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UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO RURAL SOCIETY Rural Poverty Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Concept of Rural Society 1.3 The Ideal Model of the Rural Society 1.4 …
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not explained persistent poverty, discrimination, and income inequality; (b) a revival of interest in both Marxist political economy and the application of ... originating in both sociology and …
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discipline—including sociology, economics, political science, psychology, anthropology, history, philosophy, epidemiology, public health, education, and public policy— includes a rich body of …
Reconsidering Culture and Poverty - Scholars at Harvard
Mario Luis Small is a professor of sociology and the College at the University of Chicago. His research interests include urban poverty, inequality, culture, networks, case study methods, ...
Who's Afraid of Rural Poverty? The Story
Abstract. Rural poverty and rural issues in general remain invisible in the United States to the urban majority. Rural sociologists have tried to raise these issues, but even in the field of …
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abortion the deliberate termination of a pregnancy absolute poverty a lack of resources that is life-threatening achieved status a social position a person assumes voluntarily that reflects …
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Identify The Parts Of The Sociological Definition Of Poverty # Identify the Parts of the Sociological Definition of Poverty Poverty. It's a word that conjures images of hardship, inequality, and …
The Feminization of Poverty: Myth or Reality? - JSTOR
poverty rate among female-headed families with children under age 18 was 44.7%; the poverty rate for white, Black and Spanish-origin female-headed households with children under 18 was …
Old age poverty: A scoping review of the literature
understand and address poverty in the later life years. While the literature on poverty is vast, the specific focus on old age poverty is limited. Research has an important role to play to this end, …
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poverty under mass incarceration. The macrosociological perspective highlights aggregate levels of poverty and its social correlates. If mass incarceration has become constitutive of the …
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lower than 40 per cent above the poverty line. Altogether I4r7 per cent of the persons in the sample were in poverty or near-poverty. Applied to the whole population these figures would …
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sociology ba-308 36 | गततववधि का एक क ी ी, ा स्लक रधचत ा अ रधचत ू, एकांत ें उसे सुिा ें। कुछ थव ं नाते हुए ी, क *ई ह नहीं कह सकता कक ह केवल उसकी ही *ग् ता है। ह घटना की स ाजशाथरी ...
Poverty as Capability Deprivation: Conceptualising and …
analysis of poverty in rich nations and, indeed, in comparing the performance of richer and poorer nations more broadly. The concept of poverty within the field of sociology remains firmly based …
