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| definition of independent study: Approach to Independent Study Winslow Roper Hatch, Alice Louise Richards, 1965 |
| definition of independent study: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| definition of independent study: Fostering Independent Learning Virginia Smith Harvey, Louise A. Chickie-Wolfe, 2007-03-02 Accessible, practical, and empowering, this book gives school professionals the tools to put students in charge of their own learning. Going beyond traditional study skills guides that focus on the mechanics of homework completion and test taking, the authors address the underlying psychological factors that influence academic success and lifelong learning. They provide step-by-step guidance and data-based interventions for helping each student develop a repertoire of problem-solving strategies in the areas of motivation, emotional responses to learning, behavior, time management, organization, memory, reading, writing, math, and more. In a large-size format with lay-flat binding to facilitate photocopying, the volume includes dozens of reproducible handouts and forms. This book is in The Guilford Practical Intervention in the Schools Series. |
| definition of independent study: Independent Study That Works: Designing a Successful Program Geraldine Woods, 2022-03-29 Independent study programs aren’t for the “best” students; they are populated by students at their best. Student disengagement from school is a trending concern, and many schools have turned their attention to independent study programs as a way to nurture student motivation and creativity. But where to begin? Geraldine Woods offers a practical, step-by-step guide based on her experience designing and directing the much-admired independent study program at the Horace Mann School. Under the supervision of teachers, students embark on a remarkable variety of projects and become teachers themselves, conducting seminars with their peers along the way to preparing their final product—which could as easily be an interactive website or musical composition as a research paper. Woods’ book details the nuts and bolts of the approach and shows how to customize it for a variety of age groups, budgets, and curricular requirements. It is a gift to all educators—including homeschooling parents—who want to give students the freedom to pursue their interests. |
| definition of independent study: Independent Learning Bill Meyer, Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2008 |
| definition of independent study: Code of Federal Regulations , 1996 |
| definition of independent study: Education for Innovation and Independent Learning Ronaldo Mota, David Scott, 2014-01-24 Our principal concern in this book is to understand three important ideas: learning, technology and innovation, and to examine these ideas and the relationships between them in situ; that is, we examine a number of cases of learning technologies in action in two countries, England and Brazil. The purpose of our study is to provide an explanation of the means to, and constraints on, improvements to educational policies and practices, with particular reference to innovation. We have a plethora of theoretical models that in attempting to deal with causal relations usually come to the conclusion that there are socio-economic-cultural constraints, but these observations largely remain at an abstract level and/or come to very general conclusions that are not of particular help to practitioners in the field. These issues can only be properly addressed after examining the empirical reality and having a spectrum of cases to analyze. By combining the theoretical and the practical, our aim is to explain how and under what conditions new modes of learning can be put into practice successfully and sustainably, in order for the learner to develop innovatory skills and dispositions for work and in the life course. |
| definition of independent study: Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain Zaretta Hammond, 2014-11-13 A bold, brain-based teaching approach to culturally responsive instruction To close the achievement gap, diverse classrooms need a proven framework for optimizing student engagement. Culturally responsive instruction has shown promise, but many teachers have struggled with its implementation—until now. In this book, Zaretta Hammond draws on cutting-edge neuroscience research to offer an innovative approach for designing and implementing brain-compatible culturally responsive instruction. The book includes: Information on how one’s culture programs the brain to process data and affects learning relationships Ten “key moves” to build students’ learner operating systems and prepare them to become independent learners Prompts for action and valuable self-reflection |
| definition of independent study: New Dimensions in Higher Education, No. 13, Approach to Independent Study United States. Education Office, 1965 |
| definition of independent study: The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America , 1996 The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. |
| definition of independent study: Creating Significant Learning Experiences L. Dee Fink, 2003-06-17 Dee Fink poses a fundamental question for all teachers: How can I create courses that will provide significant learning experiences for my students? In the process of addressing this question, he urges teachers to shift from a content-centered approach to a learning-centered approach that asks What kinds of learning will be significant for students, and how can I create a course that will result in that kind of learning? Fink provides several conceptual and procedural tools that will be invaluable for all teachers when designing instruction. He takes important existing ideas in the literature on college teaching (active learning, educative assessment), adds some new ideas (a taxonomy of significant learning, the concept of a teaching strategy), and shows how to systematically combine these in a way that results in powerful learning experiences for students. Acquiring a deeper understanding of the design process will empower teachers to creatively design courses for significant learning in a variety of situations. |
| definition of independent study: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38 United States. Veterans Benefits Administration, 1993 |
| definition of independent study: GI Bill Amendments Act of 1979 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs, 1979 |
| definition of independent study: 22nd European Conference on e-Learning Shawren Singh, Sarah Jane Johnston, 2023-10-26 These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 22nd European Conference on e-Learning (ECEL 2023), hosted by University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa on 26-27 October 2023. The Conference Co-Chairs Associate Professor Sarah Jane Johnston and Associate Professor Shawren Singh both from University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. ECEL is now a well-established event on the academic research calendar and now in its 22nd year the key aim remains the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet the people who hold them. The scope of papers will ensure an interesting two days. The subjects covered illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this important and ever-growing area of research. It is especially relevant that the conference is being hosted by UNISA this year as the university celebrates its 150th anniversary. UNISA has been a pioneer in first distance and now e-Learning. The conference will also host the final round of the 9th e-Learning Excellence Awards where innovate case histories will be presented. The opening keynote presentation is given by Professor Thenjiwe Meyiwa, Vice Principal for the Research, Postgraduate Studies, Innovation and Commercialisation at University of South Africa who will speak on, “The Role of African Feminisms in Shaping a Sustainable Future of Being and Learning”. An afternoon keynote on Thursday will be made by Dr Zolile Martin Mguda, University of South Africa on the topic of “ChatGPT: The first year”. The second day of the conference will open with an address by Dr Isabel Tarling, MD, Limina, South Africa with the title “Developing Digital Standards for Learning and Teaching in South Africa’s Schools”. With an initial submission of 100 abstracts, after the double blind, peer review process there are 45 Academic research papers, 3 PhD research papers and 1 Masters Research paper published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Malaysia, Mozambique, Norway, Oman, Perú, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. |
| definition of independent study: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs, 1980 |
| definition of independent study: The Rise of Independent Study Derek Robbins, 1988 |
| definition of independent study: Essentials Of Educational Technology S. K. Mangal, Uma Mangal, 2019-01-30 Use of technology has permeated all areas of knowledge, and Education is no exception. This accessible and easy-to-read book, emanating from an author who has distinguished himself as teacher and able administrator of education, and devised several educational and psychological tests, encompasses a broad spectrum of areas in educational technology. It focuses on the modern trends and innovations in Educational Technology to equip the teacher trainees and in-service teachers with the necessary skills in this area. The book not only covers the objectives, concepts, use and management of Educational Technology, it also emphasises the role of education and various other techniques that help in teaching-learning. Key Features The coverage is quite comprehensive and elaborate catering to the needs of the students of most Indian universities. The concepts given are illustrated with plenty of tables, figures, and examples to make the reader comprehend the subject better. This book is ideally suited for the students of B.Ed., M.Ed., BA/MA (Education) courses. Besides, the text can be profitably used by in-service teachers, teacher educators, educational technology-resource personnel, and school administrators. |
| definition of independent study: Resources in Education , 1997-07 |
| definition of independent study: Training Methodology: Instructional methods and techniques National Communicable Disease Center (U.S.), 1969 |
| definition of independent study: Training Methodology National Communicable Disease Center (U.S.), 1969 1434 annotated references from monographs, journals, and government publications indicating current thought on training methodology. Most were published from Jan., 1960, to Mar., 1968. Entries arranged according to topics. Each of the four parts has a subject index. |
| definition of independent study: Public Health Service Publication , 1969 |
| definition of independent study: Understanding by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2005 What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike. |
| definition of independent study: Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition Bertrand Kerautret, Miguel Colom, Pascal Monasse, 2017-04-04 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition, RRPR 2016, held in Cancún, Mexico, in December 2016. The 12 revised full papers, among them 2 invited talks, presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 16 submissions. They focus on pattern recognition algorithms; reproducible research frameworks; reproducible research results, previous works on reproducible research. |
| definition of independent study: Federal Register , 1979-06 |
| definition of independent study: How Learning Works Susan A. Ambrose, Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha C. Lovett, Marie K. Norman, 2010-04-16 Praise for How Learning Works How Learning Works is the perfect title for this excellent book. Drawing upon new research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, the authors have demystified a complex topic into clear explanations of seven powerful learning principles. Full of great ideas and practical suggestions, all based on solid research evidence, this book is essential reading for instructors at all levels who wish to improve their students' learning. —Barbara Gross Davis, assistant vice chancellor for educational development, University of California, Berkeley, and author, Tools for Teaching This book is a must-read for every instructor, new or experienced. Although I have been teaching for almost thirty years, as I read this book I found myself resonating with many of its ideas, and I discovered new ways of thinking about teaching. —Eugenia T. Paulus, professor of chemistry, North Hennepin Community College, and 2008 U.S. Community Colleges Professor of the Year from The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education Thank you Carnegie Mellon for making accessible what has previously been inaccessible to those of us who are not learning scientists. Your focus on the essence of learning combined with concrete examples of the daily challenges of teaching and clear tactical strategies for faculty to consider is a welcome work. I will recommend this book to all my colleagues. —Catherine M. Casserly, senior partner, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching As you read about each of the seven basic learning principles in this book, you will find advice that is grounded in learning theory, based on research evidence, relevant to college teaching, and easy to understand. The authors have extensive knowledge and experience in applying the science of learning to college teaching, and they graciously share it with you in this organized and readable book. —From the Foreword by Richard E. Mayer, professor of psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara; coauthor, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction; and author, Multimedia Learning |
| definition of independent study: Differentiated Curriculum and Instruction for Advanced and Gifted Learners Sandra N. Kaplan, 2021-09-30 This critical volume provides readers with a deep understanding of why and how to differentiate curriculum and instruction to better meet the academic, social, and emotional needs of advanced and gifted learners. Offering clear, constructure frameworks for learning, chapters focus on four key concepts – review, reinforce, refine, and redefine – which help readers create individualized learning experiences and differentiate standards-based curriculums. Filled with specific examples, lessons, and units of study, this essential guide emphasizes differentiation as a means to differ the What (curriculum) as well as the How (instruction) to successfully respond to the many facets of students’ giftedness. |
| definition of independent study: The Independent Study Program in the United States College of Wooster. Committee on Educational Inquiry, Robert Harold Bonthius, 1957 |
| definition of independent study: On the Definition of Learning Ane Qvortrup, Merete Wiberg, Gerd Christensen, Mikala Hansbøl, 2016 Since the turn of the century, the phenomenon of learning has received increasingly more attention. Within the theoretical field, a variety of theories of learning have evolved. The field of research on learning has become very complex, with different foci, founders and proponents, schools, and disciplinary approaches. This book is a first publication in the 'On the definition of learning' network. The network arose out of the aspiration to study the phenomenon of learning in depth, and to understand its complex relationship to empirical investigation and teaching. Based on the assumption that it is important to be sensitive to the variety of concepts and theories of learning in the field, and to continue to cultivate that variety, this book takes a step towards actively and critically engaging the various approaches in the field of learning theory. At the same time it emphasizes the complex relationships that exist between conceptualizations of learning and the empirical phenomenon of learning and teaching. It discusses how conceptualizations of learning are put to work in educational contexts, and how the normative aspects of learning in relation to discussions of what is considered worth learning influence the formative processes of human development. [Subject: Education, Education Theory] |
| definition of independent study: Hearings on Proposals to Amend GI Bill and Review of the Program United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Subcommittee on Education, Training, and Employment, 1979 |
| definition of independent study: Comparative Education David A. Turner, 2022-05-09 Comparative Education: A Field in Discussion is a personal reflection on the field of comparative education from the perspective of one scholar who has been active in the field since the 1980s. |
| definition of independent study: Cases on Distance Delivery and Learning Outcomes: Emerging Trends and Programs Gearhart, Deb, 2009-10-31 This book provides practitioners in the field of distance education a case book that is a valuable reference of best practices in the field--Provided by publisher. |
| definition of independent study: Committee Prints United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 1967 |
| definition of independent study: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 1967 |
| definition of independent study: Notes and Working Papers Concerning the Administration of Programs Authorized Under Title III of Public Law 89-10 United States. Office of Education, 1967 |
| definition of independent study: Beyond Neutrosophic Graphs Henry Garrett, 2022-03-01 New notions are defined in the comparable structures on these three models to understand the behaviors of these models according to the notions. This book is based on neutrosophic graph theory which is designed to study different types of coloring in that graphs to get new ideas and new results. The results concern specific classes of neutrosophic graphs. New notions are defined in the comparable structures on these three models to understand the behaviors of these models according to the notions. This book is based on neutrosophic graph theory which is designed to study different types of coloring in that graphs to get new ideas and new results. The results concern specific classes of neutrosophic graphs. |
| definition of independent study: A Manual of Operational Procedures and Curriculum Guide for Contract Independent Study California. State Department of Education, 1981 |
| definition of independent study: New Dimensions in Higher Education United States. Office of Education. Division of Higher Education, 1960 |
| definition of independent study: How People Learn National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning with additional material from the Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice, 2000-08-11 First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education. |
| definition of independent study: Notes and Working Papers Concerning the Administration of Programs Authorized Under Title III of Public Law 89-10, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 as Amended by Public Law 89-750 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. Subcommittee on Education, 1967 |
| definition of independent study: Current Studies in Pre-service Teacher Education Hakkı Bağcı, Nigar Pösteki, 2019-08-01 In recent decades, learning another language and educating people with appropriate skills that address the requirements of the modern world have become significant issues. Today, around two billion people learn and use English to some extent, and this number is expected to rise. In the same vein, recent rapid technological advancements have made it mandatory to adjust the education system to the requirements of this era. Currently, in the field of pre-service education, various new approaches are being applied. This book will provide the reader with the chance to read about and understand contemporary topics, approaches and methodologies in education in various fields. In this sense, it will be an essential resource for undergraduate, graduate and PhD students and researchers wishing to learn about the recent developments in pre-service teacher education. |
What is an Independent Study? - University of Washington
What is an Independent Study? In an independent study, you essentially create your own course on a topic of your choice, working in concert with your faculty advisor or other COE faculty …
Guidelines for Independent Study - DigiPen Institute of …
Independent study may be defined as work related to an academic discipline done outside of the formal (directly supervised) classroom or laboratory. This work may be experiential, directed …
INDEPENDENT STUDY (An Overview) prepared by - Universiti …
other words. independent study is viewed as an effective tool to develop intellectual interest. ability to integrate knowledge and to awaken scholastic interests among the more advanced …
Independent Study What is an independent study?
An independent study offers students a way to receive academic credit for completing an in- depth examination of a topic related to their course of study. To pursue an independent study,
Independent learning - Macquarie University
define independent learning/ study: 1 ‘Independent study is a process, a method and a philosophy of education: in which a student acquires knowledge by his or her own efforts and develops …
Definitions of Independent Learning – Initial Overview
terms of reference and ask what is meant by the term ‘independent learning’ in the context of university study. Academic discourse abounds with synonyms to describe ‘independent …
GUIDE L INE S FOR INDE PE NDE NT ST UDY - Binghamton …
An Independent study is a learning experience that allows a student the opportunity for self-directed learning relating to an area of academic and/or professional interest. The independent …
Independent Teaching Workload Policy Definition
Independent Teaching Workload Policy Definition: Independent study is an undergraduate or graduate directed study in an area not covered by the established curriculum, when periodicity …
Policy AC029: Individualized Instruction and Independent …
Independent Study: A special course requiring independent work/research by the student under the supervision of a faculty member. The area of study for the course would not already be …
Independent Learning Strategies - York University
Independent study is a strategy that develops, with teacher guidance, the student’s ability to plan, explore, organize, and communicate a topic of interest independently and in more detail.
DEFINITION OF INDEPENDENT STUDY - Olympic College
INDEPENDENT STUDY is a mode of instruction whereby an individual student enrolls for a class with a regular faculty member and the time for the class is to be arranged.
INDEPENDENT (DIRECTED) STUDIES Description - Boston …
An Independent (Directed) Study is a course of guided learning in which a faculty member provides an opportunity for learning, jointly structured by the faculty member and student, and …
Guidelines for Independent Study Programs ROUTING Local …
Independent Study is a voluntary instructional program and a choice made by the student, parent/guardian, the teacher(s) and other certificated school staff. No student shall be required …
Independent Learning: A common Essential Learning
Independent Learning is for all students regardless of level of ability or background. It is fostered by sensitive, flexible and responsive school systems and school personnel. Independent …
Independent Study - UZH
An Independent Study is a graded module of 3, 6 or 9 ECTS credits, which enables you to work intensively on a topic on your own and thus learn how to work independently. IfI professors …
Independent Study Policy
Jan 9, 2014 · Independent study offers undergraduate students an important opportunity to engage in research, to pursue areas of inquiry not regularly offered through courses, to …
Independent Study Information Sheet - nursing.pitt.edu
DEFINITION: An independent study is a student-initiated experience planned to permit undergraduate students to pursue an area of interest in nursing with the guidance of a faculty …
Scope Management For Independent Study Projects
Independent study projects serve as avenues for mature students to participate in detailed study projects on topics of their own interest. These study projects foster student creativity and self …
Independent Study: The Dilemma - JSTOR
what independent study can and cannot do, too many unanswered questions still exist. The current evidence, lack of evidence, and pertinent generalizations must be appraised if …
UW‐Madison Policy on Directed/Independent Study for …
May 9, 2013 · Undergraduates have the opportunity to take directed/independent study (subsequently referred to as directed study) with UW‐Madison faculty as part of a range of …
What is an Independent Study? - University of Wash…
What is an Independent Study? In an independent study, you essentially create your own course on a topic of your choice, working in concert with …
Guidelines for Independent Study - DigiPen Institute o…
Independent study may be defined as work related to an academic discipline done outside of the formal (directly supervised) classroom or laboratory. …
INDEPENDENT STUDY (An Overview) prepared by - Un…
other words. independent study is viewed as an effective tool to develop intellectual interest. ability to integrate knowledge and to awaken scholastic …
Independent Study What is an independent study?
An independent study offers students a way to receive academic credit for completing an in- depth examination of a topic related to their course of …
Independent learning - Macquarie University
define independent learning/ study: 1 ‘Independent study is a process, a method and a philosophy of education: in which a student acquires …
