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| definition of distance in science: Dictionary of Distances Michel-Marie Deza, Elena Deza, 2006-11-16 This book comes out of need and urgency (expressed especially in areas of Information Retrieval with respect to Image, Audio, Internet and Biology) to have a working tool to compare data. The book will provide powerful resource for all researchers using Mathematics as well as for mathematicians themselves. In the time when over-specialization and terminology fences isolate researchers, this Dictionary try to be centripedal and oikoumeni, providing some access and altitude of vision but without taking the route of scientific vulgarisation. This attempted balance is the main philosophy of this Dictionary which defined its structure and style. Key features: - Unicity: it is the first book treating the basic notion of Distance in whole generality. - Interdisciplinarity: this Dictionary is larger in scope than majority of thematic dictionaries. - Encyclopedicity: while an Encyclopedia of Distances seems now too difficult to produce, this book (by its scope, short introductions and organization) provides the main material for it and for future tutorials on some parts of this material. - Applicability: the distances, as well as distance-related notions and paradigms, are provided in ready-to-use fashion. - Worthiness: the need and urgency for such dictionary was great in several huge areas, esp. Information Retrieval, Image Analysis, Speech Recognition and Biology. - Accessibility: the definitions are easy to locate by subject or, in Index, by alphabetic order; the introductions and definitions are reader-friendly and maximally independent one from another; still the text is structured, in the 3D HTML style, by hyperlink-like boldfaced references to similar definitions. * Covers a large range of subjects in pure and applied mathematics * Designed to be easily applied--the distances and distance-related notions and paradigms are ready to use * Helps users quickly locate definitions by subject or in alphabetical order; stand-alone entries include references to other entries and sources for further investigation |
| definition of distance in science: Encyclopedia of Distances Michel Marie Deza, Elena Deza, 2014-10-08 This updated and revised third edition of the leading reference volume on distance metrics includes new items from very active research areas in the use of distances and metrics such as geometry, graph theory, probability theory and analysis. Among the new topics included are, for example, polyhedral metric space, nearness matrix problems, distances between belief assignments, distance-related animal settings, diamond-cutting distances, natural units of length, Heidegger’s de-severance distance, and brain distances. The publication of this volume coincides with intensifying research efforts into metric spaces and especially distance design for applications. Accurate metrics have become a crucial goal in computational biology, image analysis, speech recognition and information retrieval. Leaving aside the practical questions that arise during the selection of a ‘good’ distance function, this work focuses on providing the research community with an invaluable comprehensive listing of the main available distances. As well as providing standalone introductions and definitions, the encyclopedia facilitates swift cross-referencing with easily navigable bold-faced textual links to core entries. In addition to distances themselves, the authors have collated numerous fascinating curiosities in their Who’s Who of metrics, including distance-related notions and paradigms that enable applied mathematicians in other sectors to deploy research tools that non-specialists justly view as arcane. In expanding access to these techniques, and in many cases enriching the context of distances themselves, this peerless volume is certain to stimulate fresh research. |
| definition of distance in science: Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences Galileo Galilei, 1914 |
| definition of distance in science: Science John Michels (Journalist), 1916 Vols. for 1911-13 contain the Proceedings of the Helminothological Society of Washington, ISSN 0018-0120, 1st-15th meeting. |
| definition of distance in science: A Framework for K-12 Science Education National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards, 2012-02-28 Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments. |
| definition of distance in science: Philosophy of Science Philipp Frank, 2013-04-16 A distinguished mathematician traces the history of science, illustrating philosophy's ongoing role, explaining technology's erosion of the rapport between the two fields, and offering suggestions for their reunion. 1962 edition. |
| definition of distance in science: APlusPhysics Dan Fullerton, 2011-04-28 APlusPhysics: Your Guide to Regents Physics Essentials is a clear and concise roadmap to the entire New York State Regents Physics curriculum, preparing students for success in their high school physics class as well as review for high marks on the Regents Physics Exam. Topics covered include pre-requisite math and trigonometry; kinematics; forces; Newton's Laws of Motion, circular motion and gravity; impulse and momentum; work, energy, and power; electrostatics; electric circuits; magnetism; waves; optics; and modern physics. Featuring more than five hundred questions from past Regents exams with worked out solutions and detailed illustrations, this book is integrated with the APlusPhysics.com website, which includes online question and answer forums, videos, animations, and supplemental problems to help you master Regents Physics essentials. The best physics books are the ones kids will actually read. Advance Praise for APlusPhysics Regents Physics Essentials: Very well written... simple, clear engaging and accessible. You hit a grand slam with this review book. -- Anthony, NY Regents Physics Teacher. Does a great job giving students what they need to know. The value provided is amazing. -- Tom, NY Regents Physics Teacher. This was tremendous preparation for my physics test. I love the detailed problem solutions. -- Jenny, NY Regents Physics Student. Regents Physics Essentials has all the information you could ever need and is much easier to understand than many other textbooks... it is an excellent review tool and is truly written for students. -- Cat, NY Regents Physics Student |
| definition of distance in science: The Science of Thought Charles Carroll Everett, 1875 |
| definition of distance in science: Scientific American , 1919 Monthly magazine devoted to topics of general scientific interest. |
| definition of distance in science: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art ... With the derivation and definition of all the terms in general use. Edited by W. T. Brande ... assisted by Joseph Cauvin, etc William Thomas BRANDE, 1847 |
| definition of distance in science: Payload and Mission Definition in Space Sciences A. Aparicio, F. Sánchez, 2005-11-17 A text intended for scientists and engineers involved in the definition and development of space science missions. |
| definition of distance in science: Making Sense of Science: Energy Kirsten R. Daehler, Jennifer Folsom, Mayumi Shinohara, 2011 This comprehensive professional development course for grades 6–8 science teachers provides all the necessary ingredients for building a scientific way of thinking in teachers and students, focusing on science content, inquiry, and literacy. Teachers who participate in this course learn to facilitate hands-on science lessons, support evidence-based discussions, and develop students' academic language and reading and writing skills in science, along with the habits of mind necessary for sense making and scientific reasoning. Energy for Teachers of Grades 6–8 consists of five core sessions: Session 1: What is Energy? Session 2: Potential Energy Session 3: Heat Energy Session 4: Conservation of Energy Session 5: Energy in Ecosystems The materials include everything needed to effectively lead this course with ease: Facilitator Guide with extensive support materials and detailed procedures that allow staff developers to successfully lead a course Teacher Book with teaching, science, and literacy investigations, along with a follow-up component, Looking at Student Work™, designed to support ongoing professional learning communities CD with black line masters of all handouts and charts to support group discussion and sense making, course participation certificates, student work samples, and other materials that can be reproduced for use with teachers |
| definition of distance in science: Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods , 1922 |
| definition of distance in science: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports , 1990 |
| definition of distance in science: String Theory For Dummies Andrew Zimmerman Jones, 2009-11-16 A clear, plain-English guide to this complex scientific theory String theory is the hottest topic in physics right now, with books on the subject (pro and con) flying out of the stores. String Theory For Dummies offers an accessible introduction to this highly mathematical theory of everything, which posits ten or more dimensions in an attempt to explain the basic nature of matter and energy. Written for both students and people interested in science, this guide explains concepts, discusses the string theory's hypotheses and predictions, and presents the math in an approachable manner. It features in-depth examples and an easy-to-understand style so that readers can understand this controversial, cutting-edge theory. |
| definition of distance in science: Reproducibility and Replicability in Science National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy, Board on Research Data and Information, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science, 2019-10-20 One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science. |
| definition of distance in science: New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress Yafeng Shan, 2022-11-01 This collection of original essays offers a comprehensive examination of scientific progress, which has been a central topic in recent debates in philosophy of science. Traditionally, debates over scientific progress have focused on different methodological approaches, notably the epistemic and semantic approaches. The chapters in Part I of the book examine these two traditional approaches, as well as the newly revived functional and newly developed noetic approaches. Part II features in-depth case studies of scientific progress from the history of science. The chapters cover individual sciences including physics, chemistry, evolutionary biology, seismology, psychology, sociology, economics, and medicine. Finally, Part III of the book explores important issues from contemporary philosophy of science. These chapters address the implications of scientific progress for the scientific realism/anti-realism debate, incommensurability, values in science, idealisation, scientific speculation, interdisciplinarity, and scientific perspectivalism. New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on the history and philosophy of science. |
| definition of distance in science: Defining Science Richard Yeo, 2003-09-18 This 1993 book deals with debates about science - its history, philosophy and moral value - in the first half of the nineteenth century, a period in which the 'modern' features of science developed. Defining Science also examines the different forms or genres in which science was discussed in the public sphere - most crucially in the Victorian review journals, but also in biographical, historical and educational works. William Whewell wrote major works on the history and philosophy of science before these became technical subjects. Consequently he had to define his own role as a metascientific critic (in a manner akin to cultural critics like Coleridge and Carlyle) as well as seeking to define science for both expert and lay audiences. |
| definition of distance in science: English Mechanic and Mirror of Science , 1878 |
| definition of distance in science: Science in Nursing and Health Care Tony Farine, Mark A. Foss, 2013-11-26 The basic scientific principles underlying health care become clear with this straightforward, engaging and applied book. The authors of Science in Nursing and Health believe that in order to provide the best patient care, its necessary to understand the diverse areas of science that inform it. Written in a question and answer format, this book will show you how science concepts relate to nursing and health care. Its packed with applications and real-life examples that show how relevant a good understanding of science is to your everyday practice. |
| definition of distance in science: The American Journal of Science , 1873 The American journal of science and arts |
| definition of distance in science: English Mechanics and the World of Science , 1889 |
| definition of distance in science: Belden's Guide to Natural Science, History, Biography, and General Literature C. Belden, 1887 |
| definition of distance in science: Distance Education Charles Schlosser, Michael Simonson, 2006-05-01 Distance Education has become a major topic of interest in the field of educational communications and technology. In response to this interest, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) published the first edition of Distance Education: Definition and Glossary of Terms in 2002. The second edition of this monograph was begun in 2005. While the definition of distance education was changed only slightly, the glossary of terms was updated significantly under the supervision of Joann Flick and members of AECT’s Division of Distance Learning. The definition of distance education and much of the supporting narrative offered in this edition of Distance Education: Definition and Glossary of Terms is based on Teaching and Learning at a Distance: Foundations of Distance Education, 3rd. edition (2006). This information is used with permission. |
| definition of distance in science: The Sciences James Trefil, Robert M. Hazen, 2016-01-11 The Sciences: An Integrated Approach 8th Edition by James Trefil and Robert Hazen uses an approach that recognizes that science forms a seamless web of knowledge about the universe. This text fully integrates physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth sciences, and biology and emphasizes general principles and their application to real- world situations. The goal of the text is to help students achieve scientific literacy. Applauded by students and instructors for its easy-to-read style and detail appropriate for non-science majors, the eighth edition has been updated to bring the most up-to-date coverage to the students in all areas of science. |
| definition of distance in science: English Mechanic and Mirror of Science and Art , 1925 |
| definition of distance in science: Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Science , 1995 |
| definition of distance in science: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, & Art William Thomas Brande, George William Cox, 1875 |
| definition of distance in science: The American Journal of Science and Arts , 1873 |
| definition of distance in science: Geostatistics for Engineers and Earth Scientists Ricardo A. Olea, 2012-12-06 Geostatistics for Engineers and Earth Scientists |
| definition of distance in science: The Grammar of Science Karl Pearson, 1900 |
| definition of distance in science: English Mechanic and World of Science , 1924 |
| definition of distance in science: Some Nineteenth Century British Scientists R. Harré, 2014-05-17 Some Nineteenth Century British Scientists presents the biographies of eight British scientists who represent the state of science in the second half of the Victorian era: Charles Wyville Thomson, James Murray, Arthur Cayley, Francis Galton, William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, Norman Lockyer, Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, and William Ramsay. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins by focusing on the contributions and achievements of Charles Wyville Thomson in the fields of natural history, marine biology, and deep-sea exploration, especially his expedition aboard H.M.S. Challenger, and of James Murray in oceanography. Subsequent chapters discuss the works of Arthur Cayley (mathematics), Francis Galton (exploration, anthropology, and eugenics), and William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (mathematical physics). The achievements of Norman Lockyer (astrophysics), Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (inventor of the Thomas-Gilchrist process for eliminating phosphorus in the Bessemer converter), and William Ramsay (chemistry) are also considered. This monograph will be a useful resource for students and scientists alike. |
| definition of distance in science: The Science of Logic Peter Coffey, 1912 |
| definition of distance in science: Scientific American Monthly Alexander Russell Bond, 1921 |
| definition of distance in science: Foundations of Data Science Avrim Blum, John Hopcroft, Ravindran Kannan, 2020-01-23 This book provides an introduction to the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of data science, including machine learning, high-dimensional geometry, and analysis of large networks. Topics include the counterintuitive nature of data in high dimensions, important linear algebraic techniques such as singular value decomposition, the theory of random walks and Markov chains, the fundamentals of and important algorithms for machine learning, algorithms and analysis for clustering, probabilistic models for large networks, representation learning including topic modelling and non-negative matrix factorization, wavelets and compressed sensing. Important probabilistic techniques are developed including the law of large numbers, tail inequalities, analysis of random projections, generalization guarantees in machine learning, and moment methods for analysis of phase transitions in large random graphs. Additionally, important structural and complexity measures are discussed such as matrix norms and VC-dimension. This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate courses in the design and analysis of algorithms for data. |
| definition of distance in science: Handbook of Marriage and the Family Gary W. Peterson, Kevin R. Bush, 2012-09-14 The third edition of Handbook of Marriage and the Family describes, analyzes, synthesizes, and critiques the current research and theory about family relationships, family structural variations, and the role of families in society. This updated Handbook provides the most comprehensive state-of-the art assessment of the existing knowledge of family life, with particular attention to variations due to gender, socioeconomic, race, ethnic, cultural, and life-style diversity. The Handbook also aims to provide the best synthesis of our existing scholarship on families that will be a primary source for scholars and professionals but also serve as the primary graduate text for graduate courses on family relationships and the roles of families in society. In addition, the involvement of chapter authors from a variety of fields including family psychology, family sociology, child development, family studies, public health, and family therapy, gives the Handbook a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary framework. |
| definition of distance in science: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science , 2001 Contains 2,000 entries ranging from short definitions to major overviews of concepts in all areas of science. |
| definition of distance in science: Science And Human Behavior B.F Skinner, 2012-12-18 The psychology classic—a detailed study of scientific theories of human nature and the possible ways in which human behavior can be predicted and controlled—from one of the most influential behaviorists of the twentieth century and the author of Walden Two. “This is an important book, exceptionally well written, and logically consistent with the basic premise of the unitary nature of science. Many students of society and culture would take violent issue with most of the things that Skinner has to say, but even those who disagree most will find this a stimulating book.” —Samuel M. Strong, The American Journal of Sociology “This is a remarkable book—remarkable in that it presents a strong, consistent, and all but exhaustive case for a natural science of human behavior…It ought to be…valuable for those whose preferences lie with, as well as those whose preferences stand against, a behavioristic approach to human activity.” —Harry Prosch, Ethics |
| definition of distance in science: The Annual of Scientific Discovery, Or, Year-book of Facts in Science and Art , 1859 |
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